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Symmetry
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Symmetry in Micro/Nanofluid and Fluid Flow
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Symmetry in Micro/Nanofluid and Fluid Flow

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 4899

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yun Long

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
Interests: complex flow and structural reliability of fluid machinery; multi-physical field coupling mechanism of fluid machinery and collaborative design of the whole machine; cavitation and multiphase flow; mass and heat transfer mechanism and optimization of new energy power equipment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Many flow patterns in nature and industry are fascinating due to their symmetry. These phenomena may be symmetrical across a line or around a point, an axial, or even time. In experiments related to fluid mechanics, there are many symmetrical or asymmetrical phenomena, e.g., laminar flow, vortex rings, vortexes in microdroplets, Kármán vortex streets, Marangoni flow in microgravity, multiphase flow, interface flow, and so on. Obtaining an understanding of the background physics of these flow patterns is important.

We invite you to share your research into fascinating flow patterns with researchers worldwide in this Special Issue. These symmetrical or asymmetrical flow phenomena observed in experiments reflect complex scientific problems relating to fluid mechanics.

This Special Issue aims to provide a series of papers focused on symmetry and its applications in experimental fluid mechanics, devoted to understanding the background physics of these flow patterns.

Dr. Yun Long
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • symmetric flow phenomena
  • symmetric flow field
  • flow visualization
  • particle image velocimetry (PIV)
  • multiphase flow
  • droplets/bubbles
  • experimental fluid mechanics
  • microgravity fluid physics
  • vortex
  • microfluidics
  • interface flow
  • flow stability

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 539 KiB  
Article
Viscous Dissipation and Mixed Convection Effects on the Induced Magnetic Field for Peristaltic Flow of a Jeffrey Nanofluid
by Borhen Halouani and Khalid Nowar
Symmetry 2024, 16(3), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16030329 - 8 Mar 2024
Viewed by 616
Abstract
The issue of Jeffrey nanofluid peristaltic flow in an asymmetric channel being affected by an induced magnetic field was studied. In addition, mixed convection and viscous dissipation were considered. Under the supposition of a long wave length and a low Reynolds number, the [...] Read more.
The issue of Jeffrey nanofluid peristaltic flow in an asymmetric channel being affected by an induced magnetic field was studied. In addition, mixed convection and viscous dissipation were considered. Under the supposition of a long wave length and a low Reynolds number, the problem was made simpler. The system and corresponding boundary conditions were solved numerically by using the built-in package NDSolve in Mathematica software. This software ensures that the boundary value problem solution is accurate when the step size is set appropriately. It computes internally using the shooting method. Axial velocity, temperature distribution, nanoparticle concentration, axial induced magnetic field, and density distribution were all calculated numerically. An analysis was conducted using graphics to show how different factors affect the flow quantities of interest. The results showed that when the Jeffrey fluid parameter is increased, the magnitude of axial velocity increases at the upper wall of the channel, while it decreases close to the lower walls. Increasing the Hartmann number lads to increases in the axial velocity near the channel walls and in the concentration of nanoparticles. Additionally, as the Brownian motion parameter is increased, both temperature and nanoparticle concentration grow. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Micro/Nanofluid and Fluid Flow)
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13 pages, 3203 KiB  
Article
Non-Axisymmetric Bouncing Dynamics on a Moving Superhydrophobic Surface
by Wenhao Wang, Wenlong Yu, Zhiyuan Yu, Shuo Chen, Damin Cao, Xiaohua Liu and Jiayi Zhao
Symmetry 2024, 16(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16010029 - 25 Dec 2023
Viewed by 757
Abstract
The phenomenon of droplet impact on moving surfaces is widely observed in fields such as transportation, rotating machinery, and inkjet printing. Droplets exhibit non-axisymmetric behavior due to the motion of solid surfaces which significantly determines core parameters such as contact time, maximum spreading [...] Read more.
The phenomenon of droplet impact on moving surfaces is widely observed in fields such as transportation, rotating machinery, and inkjet printing. Droplets exhibit non-axisymmetric behavior due to the motion of solid surfaces which significantly determines core parameters such as contact time, maximum spreading radius, and bounding velocity, thereby affecting the efficiency of related applications. In this study, we focus on the kinetics and morphology of the non-axisymmetric bouncing behaviors for droplets impacting on a moving superhydrophobic surface (SHPS) within the normal (Wen) and tangential (Wet) Weber numbers. Considering the influences of the moving surface on the contact area and contact time, the previous scaling formula for the horizontal velocity of droplets has been improved. Based on the velocity superposition hypothesis, we establish a theoretical model for the ratio of the maximum spreading radius at both ends depending on Wen and Wet. This research provides both experimental and theoretical evidence for understanding and controlling the non-axisymmetric behavior of droplets impacting on moving surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Micro/Nanofluid and Fluid Flow)
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15 pages, 7379 KiB  
Article
Study on the Influence of Thermodynamic Effects on the Characteristics of Liquid Nitrogen Cavitating Flow around Hydrofoils
by Yuzhuang Fu, Bo Gao, Dan Ni, Wenbin Zhang and Yanxia Fu
Symmetry 2023, 15(10), 1946; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15101946 - 20 Oct 2023
Viewed by 773
Abstract
Cryogenic cavitation exhibits complexities primarily represented by the coupled interactions of thermodynamic effects, vortices, and cavities during the cavitation process. To further investigate this coupling mechanism, this study employed the DDES turbulence model and Sauer–Schnerr cavitation model to perform unsteady numerical simulations of [...] Read more.
Cryogenic cavitation exhibits complexities primarily represented by the coupled interactions of thermodynamic effects, vortices, and cavities during the cavitation process. To further investigate this coupling mechanism, this study employed the DDES turbulence model and Sauer–Schnerr cavitation model to perform unsteady numerical simulations of liquid nitrogen cavitation flow around the NACA0015 Hydrofoil. Numerical validation of the model utilized a symmetrical Hord hydrofoil. The results reveal that the upstream development of the recirculation flow under inverse pressure gradients is the fundamental cause of the detachment in the primary cavitation region. At a cavitation number of 0.616, thermodynamic effects noticeably suppress the formation of cavities and alter the range of adverse pressure gradients, consequently influencing the detachment behavior in the primary cavitation region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Micro/Nanofluid and Fluid Flow)
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Review

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22 pages, 6192 KiB  
Review
Research, Application and Future Prospect of Mode Decomposition in Fluid Mechanics
by Yun Long, Xi’an Guo and Tianbai Xiao
Symmetry 2024, 16(2), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16020155 - 29 Jan 2024
Viewed by 884
Abstract
In fluid mechanics, modal decomposition, deeply intertwined with the concept of symmetry, is an essential data analysis method. It facilitates the segmentation of parameters such as flow, velocity, and pressure fields into distinct modes, each exhibiting symmetrical or asymmetrical characteristics in terms of [...] Read more.
In fluid mechanics, modal decomposition, deeply intertwined with the concept of symmetry, is an essential data analysis method. It facilitates the segmentation of parameters such as flow, velocity, and pressure fields into distinct modes, each exhibiting symmetrical or asymmetrical characteristics in terms of amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. This technique, emphasizing the role of symmetry, is pivotal in both theoretical research and practical engineering applications. This paper delves into two dominant modal decomposition methods, infused with symmetry considerations: Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD). POD excels in dissecting flow fields with clear periodic structures, often showcasing symmetrical patterns. It utilizes basis functions and time coefficients to delineate spatial modes and their evolution, highlighting symmetrical or asymmetrical transitions. In contrast, DMD effectively analyzes more complex, often asymmetrical structures like turbulent flows. By performing iterative analyses on the flow field, DMD discerns symmetrical or asymmetrical statistical structures, assembling modal functions and coefficients for decomposition. This method is adapted to extracting symmetrical patterns in vibration frequencies, growth rates, and intermodal coupling. The integration of modal decomposition with symmetry concepts in fluid mechanics enables the effective extraction of fluid flow features, such as symmetrically or asymmetrically arranged vortex configurations and trace evolutions. It enhances the post-processing analysis of numerical simulations and machine learning approaches in flow field simulations. In engineering, understanding the symmetrical aspects of complex flow dynamics is crucial. The dynamics assist in flow control, noise suppression, and optimization measures, thus improving the symmetry in system efficiency and energy consumption. Overall, modal decomposition methods, especially POD and DMD, provide significant insights into the symmetrical and asymmetrical analysis of fluid flow. These techniques underpin the study of fluid mechanics, offering crucial tools for fluid flow control, optimization, and the investigation of nonlinear phenomena and propagation modes in fluid dynamics, all through the lens of symmetry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Micro/Nanofluid and Fluid Flow)
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25 pages, 8376 KiB  
Review
A Review of the Development and Research Status of Symmetrical Diaphragm Pumps
by Kai Zhao, Yuan Lou, Guangjie Peng, Chengqiang Liu and Hao Chang
Symmetry 2023, 15(11), 2091; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15112091 - 20 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1231
Abstract
With the continuous improvement in human awareness of environmental protection, energy savings, and emission reduction, as well as the vigorous development of precision machinery and process technology, energy-saving and efficient diaphragm pumps have become a hot research topic at home and abroad. The [...] Read more.
With the continuous improvement in human awareness of environmental protection, energy savings, and emission reduction, as well as the vigorous development of precision machinery and process technology, energy-saving and efficient diaphragm pumps have become a hot research topic at home and abroad. The diaphragm pump is a membrane-isolated reciprocating transport pump that isolates the transport medium from the piston through the diaphragm and can be used to transport high-viscosity, volatile, and corrosive media, and the symmetrical structure can make it easier for the diaphragm pump to achieve stable operation, reduce vibration and noise, and extend the life of the pump. This paper summarizes the development and research status of diaphragm pumps in recent years, including diaphragm pump structure, working principle, category, cavitation research, wear research, fault diagnosis research, vibration and noise research, fluid–solid-interaction research, and optimum research on one-way valves and diaphragms. It also puts forward some reasonable and novel viewpoints, such as applying the theory of entropy production to explore the motion mechanism of diaphragm pumps, optimizing the performance of diaphragm pumps, using new technologies to study new materials for diaphragm pumps, and designing diaphragm protection devices. This review provides valuable references and suggestions for the future development and research of diaphragm pumps. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Micro/Nanofluid and Fluid Flow)
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