Effects of Global Change and Human Activities on Soil Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics

A special issue of Soil Systems (ISSN 2571-8789).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2019) | Viewed by 11084

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
INSTAAR, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Interests: human effects on the nitrogen cycle; interactions among elemental cycles; redox-sensitive biogeochemistry; ecosystem processes in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems

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Guest Editor
Departments of Plant Biology and Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
Interests: terrestrial biogeochemistry; ecosystem ecology; stable isotope ecology; soil–atmosphere greenhouse gas dynamics; climate change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human activities alter soil carbon and nutrient dynamics directly through land use change and management decisions, such as tillage, irrigation, and fertilization practices in agricultural systems, and fertilization and irrigation in urban environments. At the same time, human activities alter soil carbon and nutrient dynamics indirectly through global change factors such as climate change, species invasion, and anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. A wide variety of methodological approaches are needed to tease out how soils will respond to the complex interactions between global changes and human activities. For example, it is unknown how increased intensity of precipitation events associated with climate change will alter soil processes such as nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils associated with fertilizer application, or phosphorus cycling associated with iron redox dynamics in wet tropical forest soils. In addition, many of these soil processes can result in feedback loops that can amplify these changes.

We invite authors to submit current research on how soil carbon and/or nutrient cycling are affected by the interaction of global changes and human activities and the potential for soil feedbacks. Effects of human activities can include direct effects in managed ecosystems or indirect effects in natural ecosystems. We welcome submissions of empirical, modelling, or meta-analysis studies and particularly encourage studies investigating the mechanisms driving the responses to global changes and human activities.

Dr. Daniel Liptzin
Prof. Dr. Wendy H. Yang
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 2518 KiB  
Article
Iron Redox Reactions Can Drive Microtopographic Variation in Upland Soil Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions
by Alexander H. Krichels, Emina Sipic and Wendy H. Yang
Soil Syst. 2019, 3(3), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3030060 - 29 Aug 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5489
Abstract
Topographic depressions in upland soils experience anaerobic conditions conducive for iron (Fe) reduction following heavy rainfall. These depressional areas can also accumulate reactive Fe compounds, carbon (C), and nitrate, creating potential hot spots of Fe-mediated carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide [...] Read more.
Topographic depressions in upland soils experience anaerobic conditions conducive for iron (Fe) reduction following heavy rainfall. These depressional areas can also accumulate reactive Fe compounds, carbon (C), and nitrate, creating potential hot spots of Fe-mediated carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) production. While there are multiple mechanisms by which Fe redox reactions can facilitate CO2 and N2O production, it is unclear what their cumulative effect is on CO2 and N2O emissions in depressional soils under dynamic redox. We hypothesized that Fe reduction and oxidation facilitate greater CO2 and N2O emissions in depressional compared to upslope soils in response to flooding. To test this, we amended upslope and depressional soils with Fe(II), Fe(III), or labile C and measured CO2 and N2O emissions in response to flooding. We found that depressional soils have greater Fe reduction potential, which can contribute to soil CO2 emissions during flooded conditions when C is not limiting. Additionally, Fe(II) addition stimulated N2O production, suggesting that chemodenitrification may be an important pathway of N2O production in depressions that accumulate Fe(II). As rainfall intensification results in more frequent flooding of depressional upland soils, Fe-mediated CO2 and N2O production may become increasingly important pathways of soil greenhouse gas emissions. Full article
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20 pages, 2407 KiB  
Article
Soil N2O, CH4, and CO2 Fluxes in Forest, Grassland, and Tillage/No-Tillage Croplands in French Guiana (Amazonia)
by Caroline Petitjean, Cécile Le Gall, Célia Pontet, Kenji Fujisaki, Bernard Garric, Jean-Claude Horth, Catherine Hénault and Anne-Sophie Perrin
Soil Syst. 2019, 3(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3020029 - 11 Apr 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5004
Abstract
The agricultural landscape of French Guiana (Amazonia) is expected to undergo substantial change as a result of rapid population growth in the region. Such changes in the landscape will lead to the conversion of tropical forests into land destined for agricultural use. Little [...] Read more.
The agricultural landscape of French Guiana (Amazonia) is expected to undergo substantial change as a result of rapid population growth in the region. Such changes in the landscape will lead to the conversion of tropical forests into land destined for agricultural use. Little information is available on the effect of different agricultural systems on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in French Guiana. For our experiment, two hectares of forest were cleared, without the use of fire, at the Combi experimental site (sandy-clayey Ferralsol) at the end of 2008. After one year with legume and grass cover, the site was modified to include the following three fertilized agricultural systems: (1) Grassland (Brachiaria ruziziensis, mowed), (2) cropland (maize/soybean rotation) with disc tillage, and (3) cropland (maize/soybean rotation) with no-tillage in direct seeding. Soil N2O, CH4, and CO2 fluxes were measured with dark chambers from May 2011 to November 2014. Our results show that grassland was a significantly lower emitter of N2O but a significantly higher emitter of CH4 compared to the two cropland systems studied. We did not observe significant differences between the two cropland systems for N2O and CH4 fluxes. Measurements of the net ecosystem CO2 exchange would be useful to better compare the role of different agricultural systems as a source of GHGs. Full article
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