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Advance of Separation and Purification Technology in Biotechnology and Biochemistry Macromolecule

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A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioanalysis/Clinical Analysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2021) | Viewed by 13804

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Solmaz Hajizadeh

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Guest Editor

Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University
Interests: separation and purification technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rapid improvements in biotechnology and biochemistry during the last 60 years, both in developing new products and new techniques, have had a significant impact on human life and the environment. To be able to utilize these new products in different applications such as biomedicine and pharmaceuticals, advanced separation techniques must be carried out to achieve a high level of purity. Thus, demands for efficient, economic and fast separation and purification methods for various target molecules have led to the development of new techniques and materials for separation processes. However, we are far from being in an ideal situation! New approaches and methodologies in downstream processing can be achieved by having a clear vision and thinking outside of the box.

This Special Issue is dedicated to high-quality research in separation technology that provides answers to scientific problems.

Dr. Solmaz Hajizadeh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Separations is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Biomolecule purification
Chromatography and related techniques
Separation science theory and methodology
Instrumental developments and their analytical applications
Bioseparation process

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2375 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Selective Separation and Analysis of Catecholamines in Urine Based on Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction by Mercaptophenylboronic Acid Functionalized Fe₃O₄-NH₂@Au Magnetic Nanoparticles Coupled with HPLC

by Qing Han, Xiaoxiao Wu, Yi Cao, Hua Zhang, Yuqin Zhao, Xuejun Kang and Huaiyuan Zhu

Separations 2021, 8(11), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8110196 - 20 Oct 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2055

Abstract

A novel magnetic solid phase extraction based on mercaptophenylboronic acid (MPBA)-functionalized Fe₃O₄-NH₂@Au nanomaterial (Fe₃O₄-NH₂@Au-MPBA) was developed for selective separation and enrichment of catecholamines (including dopamine, norepinephrine and adrenaline). Fe₃O₄-NH₂@Au-MPBA nanoparticles were achieved by self-assembly-anchoring MPBA molecules on the surface of Fe₃O₄-NH₂@Au nanocomposites, which were synthesized via a facial ultrasonic auxiliary in situ reduction process. The interaction between cis-diol from catecholamines and boronic acid was reversible and could be flexibly controlled by adjusting pH value. The catecholamines could be quickly adsorbed by Fe₃O₄-NH₂@Au-MPBA in weak alkaline solution (pH 8.0–9.0) and subsequently released in acid solution (pH 1.0–2.0). The process of adsorption and dissociation was very fast. Furthermore, the three catecholamines could be detected in urine from children by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detector. Under optimal conditions, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EP) and dopamine (DA) were separated very well from internal standard and exhibited a good linearity in the range of 2.5–500.0 ng mL⁻¹, with correlation coefficients of r² > 0.9907. Limits of detection (LOD) (signal to noise = 3) were 0.39, 0.27 and 0.60 ng mL⁻¹ for NE, EP and DA, respectively. Recoveries for the spiked catecholamines were in the range of 85.4–105.2% with the relative standard deviation (RSD) < 11.5%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance of Separation and Purification Technology in Biotechnology and Biochemistry Macromolecule)

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12 pages, 1491 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Harvest Time, Method of Preparation and Method of Distillation on the Qualitative Properties of Organically Grown and Wild Helichrysum italicum Immortelle Essential Oil

by Ana Matin, Ivan Pavkov, Mateja Grubor, Vanja Jurišić, Mislav Kontek, Franko Jukić and Tajana Krička

Separations 2021, 8(10), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100167 - 3 Oct 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2373

Abstract

The most important process in immortelle is the extraction of the essential oil by distillation. The chemical properties of the plant depend largely on the cultivation type, climatic conditions and agrotechnical measures. In this work, studies were carried out on organically grown and wild immortelle harvested during the summer (July) and autumn (October) seasons of 2020. Immortelle samples were prepared by drying naturally in two ways: in direct sunlight and in shade. To extract the essential oil, immortelle was distilled in two ways: on an industrial and a laboratory scale. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the composition and quality of the essential oil. The results of this work showed that the qualitative properties of the essential oil were influenced by the cultivation type, harvesting time, preparation method and distillation method. A higher yield (0.21% ± 0.03) of essential oil was obtained from wild immortelle whereas a better utilization rate (0.38% ± 0.09) of essential oil was obtained from the organically grown immortelle. It was also found that a higher yield of essential oil was obtained from the summer harvest (0.19% ± 0.01) and a higher utilization rate from the autumn harvest (0.33% ± 0.13) with the industrial scale distillation and shade drying. In general, better qualitative properties of immortelle essential oil were obtained from wild immortelle, which was confirmed by a chromatographic analysis and better content of γ-curcumene (16.64% ± 0.30) and neryl acetate (8.15% ± 0.19) and other constituents except α-pinene where organically grown had a higher share (24.27% ± 0.97). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance of Separation and Purification Technology in Biotechnology and Biochemistry Macromolecule)

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12 pages, 1553 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Preparation of Hydroxytyrosol by Acid Hydrolysis from Olive Leaves

by Yujie Wang, Siyuan Luo, Jieling Luo, Jipeng Qu, Shiling Feng, Tao Chen, Lijun Zhou, Ming Yuan, Hongyu Yang, Tian Li, Bo Lan and Chunbang Ding

Separations 2021, 8(9), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8090159 - 17 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1822

Abstract

Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is the main bioactive compound in olive leaves. However, olive leaves contain a lower level of HT and the extraction process of HT was rarely optimized. In this study, compared with two extraction methods, ultrasound was found to have a positive effect on improving the yield of HT. Therefore, ultrasound was used to assist hydrolysis of hydrochloric acid to extract HT from olive leaves. Response surface method and macroporous resins were applied to optimize the extraction process as well as enrichment of HT. The results showed that ultrasonic extraction time had a significant effect on the yield and the optimal extraction conditions were obtained: ultrasonic time was 120 min, hydrochloric acid concentration was 1.60 mol/L and the liquid-to-material ratio was 60.00 mL/g. Under the optimal extraction condition, the yield of HT was 14.11 ± 0.12 mg/g. NKA-Ⅱ macroporous resin was proved to be a suitable resin to enrich HT from extraction solution. The optimal condition for enriching HY was 250 mL of loading solution at the flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with 40 mL volume of 75% ethanol–eluent at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The concentration of HT changed from 2.27% to 9.25% after enrichment by macroporous resin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance of Separation and Purification Technology in Biotechnology and Biochemistry Macromolecule)

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14 pages, 1245 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality Assessment of Camellia oleifera Oil Cultivated in Southwest China

by Li Liu, Shiling Feng, Tao Chen, Lijun Zhou, Ming Yuan, Jinqiu Liao, Yan Huang, Hongyu Yang, Ruiwu Yang and Chunbang Ding

Separations 2021, 8(9), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8090144 - 5 Sep 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2857

Abstract

Camellia oleifera oil has attracted increasing attention due to its well-balanced composition. In this study, we evaluated the oil content and chemical composition of C. oleifera oil cultivated in southwest China. The results showed that the acid and peroxide values were in line with the optimal quality index of the national standard of China. Oleic acid was the most predominant and important fatty acid, which accounted for 80.34–86.18%. The α-tocopherol, polyphenols and squalene ranged from 112.36 to 410.46 mg/kg oil, 14.22 to 53.63 mg/kg oil and 14.80 to 52.49 mg/kg oil, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that the synthesis score of introduced cultivars (‘Changlin 3’, ‘Changlin 4’ and ‘Changlin 18’) was higher that the local cultivars (‘Chuanya 21’ and ‘Chuanlin 2’). This research demonstrated that the introduced C. oleifera could adapt to the environment and climate of southwest China and large-scale plant of these introduced cultivars. In addition, the C. oleifera oil rich in unsaturated fatty acid has enormous potential to become a kind of functional oil and possesses great prospects for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance of Separation and Purification Technology in Biotechnology and Biochemistry Macromolecule)

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Review

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16 pages, 861 KiB

Open AccessReview

Currently Applied Extraction Processes for Secondary Metabolites from Lippia turbinata and Turnera diffusa and Future Perspectives

by Guillermo C. G. Martínez-Ávila, Pedro Aguilar-Zarate and Romeo Rojas

Separations 2021, 8(9), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8090158 - 17 Sep 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3279

Abstract

The poleo (Lippia turbinata Griseb.) and damiana (Turnera diffusa Wild) are two of the most valued species in the Mexican semidesert due to their medicinal uses. The conventional essential oil extraction process is hydrodistillation, and for the extraction of antioxidants, the use of organic solvents. However, these techniques are time-consuming and degrade thermolabile molecules, and the efficiency of the process is dependent on the affinity of the solvent for bioactive compounds. Likewise, they generate solvent residues such as methanol, hexane, petroleum ether, toluene, chloroform, etc. Therefore, in recent years, ecofriendly alternatives such as ohmic heating, microwaves, ultrasound, and supercritical fluids have been studied. These methodologies allow reducing the environmental impact and processing times, in addition to increasing yields at a lower cost. Currently, there is no up-to-date information that provides a description of the ecofriendly trends for the recovery process of essential oils and antioxidants from Lippia turbinata and Turnera diffusa. This review includes relevant information on the most recent advancements in these processes, including conditions and methodological foundation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance of Separation and Purification Technology in Biotechnology and Biochemistry Macromolecule)

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