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Recent Advances in THz Sensing and Imaging

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2025 | Viewed by 2880

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Center for Radiofrequencies, Optics and Microelectronics in the Alpes, Chambery, France
Interests: THz spectroscopy and imaging; modelization of THz signatures; THz system metrology

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Radiofrequencies, Optics and Microelectronics in the Alpes, Chambery, France
Interests: THz generation; THz detection; E-field measurement; UWB; non-linear optics

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Radiofrequencies, Optics and Microelectronics in the Alpes, Chambery, France
Interests: THz generation; THz detection; non-linear optics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At present, THz science is sufficiently mature to address issues in an increasing number of application domains. Moreover, THz technologies (emitters, detectors, imagers, all-in-one…) are becoming sophisticated and performant enough to propose miscellaneous technical solutions for academics and industries (and soon, for everyone). Nevertheless, there are so many fundamental and technological advances and discoveries to come that we are undoubtedly entering an extraordinary era for THz. This Special Issue deals with THz (i) device developments, (ii) signal processing, and (iii) application.

Colleagues, we know that you have been working hard to gain deeper knowledge of THz–matter interactions in sensing applications or nondestructive testing. Some of you may focus more specifically on modelling methods for these interactions in order to either improve existing measurement techniques/devices or to develop innovative ones. This Special Issue is a great opportunity for all of us to disseminate the recent advances in THz science and technologies dedicated to sensing and imaging applications.

Dr. Maxime Bernier
Dr. Gwenael Gaborit
Dr. Pierre-Baptiste Vigneron
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • gas sensing
  • nondestructive testing
  • THz prospection
  • subwavelength imaging
  • THz image processing
  • sensing and modeling of heterogeneous samples
  • QCL THz
  • THz-QWIP
  • THz lab-on-chip
  • THz detectors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 24312 KiB  
Article
Fast Terahertz Reflection Imaging for In-Line Detection of Delaminations in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymers
by Peter Fosodeder, Michael Pfleger, Kausar Rahman, Tom Dutton, Sophie Cozien-Cazuc, Sandrine van Frank and Christian Rankl
Sensors 2025, 25(3), 851; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030851 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 655
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) is an emerging technology particularly well suited for the non-destructive investigation of inner structures in polymers. To realize its full potential, THz imaging systems adapted to industrial constraints as well as more application studies in areas of interest are needed. In [...] Read more.
Terahertz (THz) is an emerging technology particularly well suited for the non-destructive investigation of inner structures in polymers. To realize its full potential, THz imaging systems adapted to industrial constraints as well as more application studies in areas of interest are needed. In this work, we present a fast and flexible THz imaging system comprising hardware and software and demonstrate its capabilities for the investigation of defects in glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs), particularly for the detection of drilling-induced delaminations. Measurement data obtained by raster scanning of GFRP samples are gathered in 3D volumetric images. THz images of the drilled holes are then compared to reference images of the same holes obtained from X-ray computed tomography measurements. We show that THz imaging is capable of identifying not only artificial defects in the form of aluminum and Teflon inlays, but also real defects such as delaminations generated by drilling operations, and is suitable for non-destructive testing in industrial conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in THz Sensing and Imaging)
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17 pages, 4616 KiB  
Article
All-Metal Metamaterial-Based Sensor with Novel Geometry and Enhanced Sensing Capability at Terahertz Frequency
by Sagnik Banerjee, Ishani Ghosh, Carlo Santini, Fabio Mangini, Rocco Citroni and Fabrizio Frezza
Sensors 2025, 25(2), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020507 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 956
Abstract
This research proposes an all-metal metamaterial-based absorber with a novel geometry capable of refractive index sensing in the terahertz (THz) range. The structure consists of four concentric diamond-shaped gold resonators on the top of a gold metal plate; the resonators increase in height [...] Read more.
This research proposes an all-metal metamaterial-based absorber with a novel geometry capable of refractive index sensing in the terahertz (THz) range. The structure consists of four concentric diamond-shaped gold resonators on the top of a gold metal plate; the resonators increase in height by 2 µm moving from the outer to the inner resonators, making the design distinctive. This novel configuration has played a very significant role in achieving multiple ultra-narrow resonant absorption peaks that produce very high sensitivity when employed as a refractive index sensor. Numerical simulations demonstrate that it can achieve six significant ultra-narrow absorption peaks within the frequency range of 5 to 8 THz. The sensor has a maximum absorptivity of 99.98% at 6.97 THz. The proposed absorber also produces very high-quality factors at each resonance. The average sensitivity is 7.57/Refractive Index Unit (THz/RIU), which is significantly high when compared to the current state of the art. This high sensitivity is instrumental in detecting smaller traces of samples that have very correlated refractive indices, like several harmful gases. Hence, the proposed metamaterial-based sensor can be used as a potential gas detector at terahertz frequency. Furthermore, the structure proves to be polarization-insensitive and produces a stable absorption response when the angle of incidence is increased up to 60°. At terahertz wavelength, the proposed design can be used for any value of the aforementioned angles, targeting THz spectroscopy-based biomolecular fingerprint detection and energy harvesting applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in THz Sensing and Imaging)
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12 pages, 3043 KiB  
Article
Fabry–Perot Effect Suppression in Gas Cells Used in THz Absorption Spectrometers. Experimental Verification
by George K. Raspopin, Alexey V. Borisov, Arnaud Cuisset, Francis Hindle, Semyon V. Yakovlev and Yury V. Kistenev
Sensors 2024, 24(22), 7380; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24227380 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 809
Abstract
A standard measuring gas cell used in absorption spectrometers is a cylinder enclosed by two transparent windows. The Fabry–Perot effects caused by multiple reflections of terahertz waves between these windows produce significant variations in the transmitted radiation intensity. Therefore, the Fabry–Perot effects should [...] Read more.
A standard measuring gas cell used in absorption spectrometers is a cylinder enclosed by two transparent windows. The Fabry–Perot effects caused by multiple reflections of terahertz waves between these windows produce significant variations in the transmitted radiation intensity. Therefore, the Fabry–Perot effects should be taken into account to correctly measure absorption spectra in Bouguer law-based absorption spectroscopy. One approach to reducing the Fabry–Perot effects is based on inserting an additional external movable window with the standard measuring gas cell. This was proposed and numerically analyzed in our previous work. This paper is aimed at the experimental validation of this method when using amplitude modulation (AM) spectroscopy. Also, a comparison of the efficiency of reducing the Fabry–Perot effects using this method is experimentally compared to frequency modulation spectroscopy. The latter was shown to effectively reduce the Fabry–Perot effects compared to AM spectroscopy with the standard measuring gas cell, and the use of the external movable window was shown to further improve the elimination of Fabry–Perot effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in THz Sensing and Imaging)
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