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Electromagnetic Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation
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Electromagnetic Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Fault Diagnosis & Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2024 | Viewed by 3940

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of NDT and Structural Integrity Evaluation, School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: electromagnetic non-destructive testing and evaluation; forward modelling and inversion for defect reconstruction; microwave reflectometry for imaging, characterisation and evaluation of structural defects; 3D magnetic field sensing and gradient field measurement; image/signal processing and feature extraction techniques

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In light of potential structural failure and incidents, the safety of engineering structures has received much attention worldwide. Approaches for non-destructive monitoring, inspection and evaluation of the integrity of mechanical structures such as oil/gas pipelines, fuel tanks, aero-engines, etc., during their fabrication/construction and in-service operations before catastrophic accidents occur are crucial and in high demand.

Hitherto, Electromagnetism-based Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation (NDT&E) techniques, such as eddy current testing and magnetic flux leakage testing, have been used in the detection, characterisation and assessment of critical flaws (Stress Corrosion Cracks, Flaw Acculturated Corrosion, Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion, etc.) that have posed a threat to the structural integrity. However, none of these techniques are universal and could be taken as the skeleton key to the issue regarding NDT&E of in-service structures. In view of this, more and more advanced Electromagnetic Non-destructive Testing methods have been proposed and complementary to the current techniques.

We invite researchers to contribute overviews and original articles focusing on electromagnetic non-destructive testing and the evaluation of critical components and structures in the engineering fields, including aerospace, energy, chemical and transportation, etc. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

  • Electromagnetic non-destructive testing and evaluation;
  • Eddy current testing;
  • Eddy current thermography;
  • Electromagnetic acoustic transduction;
  • Microwave and millimeter wave testing;
  • Magnetism-based testing (Barkhausen noise analysis, Magnetic incremental permeability, Magnetic memory testing, etc.);
  • Electromagnetic field sensing;
  • Forward and inverse modelling of electromagnetic non-destructive testing;
  • Defect imaging, assessment and reconstruction;
  • Defect characterisation and identification;
  • Material characterisation and classification.

Dr. Yong Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 9132 KiB  
Article
A Novel Defect Detection Method for Overhead Ground Wire
by Yao Xiao, Lan Xiong, Zhanlong Zhang and Yihua Dan
Sensors 2024, 24(1), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24010192 - 28 Dec 2023
Viewed by 577
Abstract
Overhead ground wires typically have strong axial tension and are prone to structural defects caused by corrosion and lightning strikes, which could lead to serious safety hazards. Therefore, it is important to detect defects accurately and quickly to avoid those problems. Existing defect [...] Read more.
Overhead ground wires typically have strong axial tension and are prone to structural defects caused by corrosion and lightning strikes, which could lead to serious safety hazards. Therefore, it is important to detect defects accurately and quickly to avoid those problems. Existing defect detection methods for overhead ground wires are mainly traditional metal defect detection methods, including eddy current detection, ultrasonic detection, and manual visual inspection. However, those methods have problems of low detection efficiency, high environmental requirements, and insufficient reliability. To solve the above problems, this paper studies a novel type of defect detection technology for overhead ground wire. Firstly, the magnetic leakage characteristics around the defects of overhead ground wires are analyzed, and the defect detection device is designed. Then, the influence of air gap, lift-off distance, defect width, and cross-sectional loss rate on the magnetic flux leakage signal is studied, a novel defect detection method for overhead ground wire is proposed, and experimental verification is carried out. The results show that the proposed method can accurately locate and quantify the defect, which has the advantages of good reliability and high efficiency and lays the foundation for preventing accidents caused by defective overhead ground wires. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation)
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17 pages, 7159 KiB  
Article
Comparison Research on Characterization and Evaluation Approaches for Paint Coated Corrosion Using Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography
by Chao Xue, Yinqiang Zhang, Song Ding, Cheng Song and Yiqing Wang
Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6889; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156889 - 03 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 726
Abstract
Paint coated corrosion detection and evaluation is a big challenge for steel performance and structure health. Eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) technique is investigated because it can reflect the corrosion physical properties through paint coating by the infrared signal. This paper proposes skewness [...] Read more.
Paint coated corrosion detection and evaluation is a big challenge for steel performance and structure health. Eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) technique is investigated because it can reflect the corrosion physical properties through paint coating by the infrared signal. This paper proposes skewness method, which presents the feature of temperature curve’s shape automatically, and compares it with principal component analysis (PCA), phase analysis, and kurtosis feature extraction methods for paint coated corrosion characterization and evaluation. The averaged skewness shows the best sensitivity for 0–6 months corrosion. The normalized second principal component (PC) presents good sensitivity and the best measurement scale for corroded time. Furthermore, the temperature curve analysis proves that the electrical conductivity dominates the induced heating and heat distribution. The corrosion height is utilized to explain why ECPT technique is valid within 10 months corroded time. ECPT technique is proved as a smart sensor system for paint coated corrosion detection and characterization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation)
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17 pages, 6106 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Visualization of Buried Defects in GFRP via Microwave Reflectometry
by Ruonan Wang, Yang Fang, Qianxiang Gao, Yong Li, Xihan Yang and Zhenmao Chen
Sensors 2023, 23(14), 6629; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146629 - 24 Jul 2023
Viewed by 848
Abstract
Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is widely used in engineering fields involving aerospace, energy, transportation, etc. If internal buried defects occur due to hostile environments during fabrication and practical service, the structural integrity and safety of GFRP structures would be severely undermined. Therefore, it [...] Read more.
Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) is widely used in engineering fields involving aerospace, energy, transportation, etc. If internal buried defects occur due to hostile environments during fabrication and practical service, the structural integrity and safety of GFRP structures would be severely undermined. Therefore, it is indispensable to carry out effective quantitative nondestructive testing (NDT) of internal defects buried within GFRP structures. Along with the development of composite materials, microwave NDT is promising in non-intrusive inspection of defects in GFRPs. In this paper, quantitative screening of the subsurface impact damage and air void in a unidirectional GFRP via microwave reflectometry was intensively investigated. The influence of the microwave polarization direction with respect to the GFRP fiber direction on the reflection coefficient was investigated by using the equivalent relative permittivity calculated with theoretical analysis. Following this, a microwave NDT system was built up for further investigation regarding the imaging and quantitative evaluation of buried defects in GFRPs. A direct-wave suppression method based on singular-value decomposition was proposed to obtain high-quality defect images. The defect in-plane area was subsequently assessed via a proposed defect-edge identification method. The simulation and experimental results revealed that (1) the testing sensitivity to buried defects was the highest when the electric-field polarization direction is parallel to the GFRP fiber direction; and (2) the averaged evaluation accuracy regarding the in-plane area of the buried defect reached approximately 90% by applying the microwave reflectometry together with the proposed processing methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation)
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15 pages, 4729 KiB  
Article
Visual Quantitative Detection of Delamination Defects in GFRP via Microwave
by Xihan Yang, Yang Fang, Ruonan Wang, Yong Li and Zhenmao Chen
Sensors 2023, 23(14), 6386; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146386 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1011
Abstract
Glass Fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs) are widely used and play an important role in modern society. The multilayer structure of GFRPs can lead to delamination defects during production and service, which can have a significant impact on the integrity and safety of the [...] Read more.
Glass Fiber reinforced polymers (GFRPs) are widely used and play an important role in modern society. The multilayer structure of GFRPs can lead to delamination defects during production and service, which can have a significant impact on the integrity and safety of the equipment. Therefore, it is important to monitor these delamination defects during equipment service in order to evaluate their effects on equipment performance and lifespan. Microwave imaging testing, with its high sensitivity and noncontact nature, shows promise as a potential method for detecting delamination defects in GFRPs. However, there is currently limited research on the quantitative characterization of defect images in this field. In order to achieve visual quantitative nondestructive testing (NDT), we propose a 2D-imaging visualization and quantitative characterization method for delamination defects in GFRP, and realize the combination of visual detection and quantitative detection. We built a microwave testing experimental system to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of the experiment indicate the effectiveness and innovation of the method, which can effectively detect all delamination defects of 0.5 mm thickness inside GFRP with high accuracy, the signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 2D imaging can reach 4.41 dB, the quantitative error of position is within 0.5 mm, and the relative error of area is within 11%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electromagnetic Non-destructive Testing and Evaluation)
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