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Sensors Based on RF Circuits and Microwave Circuits
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Sensors Based on RF Circuits and Microwave Circuits

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2020) | Viewed by 13739

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. George E. Ponchak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA, retired
Interests: RF circuits; microwave circuits; antennas; RF packaging; sensors using RF circuits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Propagation of microwave/RF frequencies is sensitive to the environment through which they travel, which makes them very useful frequencies for sensors. Furthermore, microwave/RF circuits, such as oscillators, are very sensitive to components that control the operating frequency or output power. Thus, microwave/RF circuits have proven useful when it comes to measuring or sensing changes in the environment and have been used or researched for a broad range of applications. Types of microwave/RF sensors that have been researched, developed or described in publications are:

  • Surface acoustic wave resonators
  • MEMS resonators
  • MEMS cavities
  • Transmission lines
  • Waveguides
  • Substrate integrated waveguides
  • Coaxial probes
  • Carbon nanotubes
  • Metamaterials
  • Radar

And the applications they have been used in include the sensing of:

  • Soil moisture
  • Humidity
  • Water content
  • Ice thickness
  • Pressure
  • Turbine blade vibration
  • Structure defects and cracks
  • Chemical components
  • Breast cancer
  • Biomarkers
  • Biological cell characterization

This Special Issue will cover all aspects of the use of microwave/RF circuits for sensors, including those listed above and those that may have been missed in the list. Papers are solicited for this Special Issue to accompany the invited papers.

Prof. Dr. George E. Ponchak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Environmental monitoring
  • Oscillators
  • Biomedical sensors
  • Radar
  • Automotive sensors
  • RF resonators
  • RF MEMS

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6192 KiB  
Article
Multifunctional Ultrahigh Sensitive Microwave Planar Sensor to Monitor Mechanical Motion: Rotation, Displacement, and Stretch
by Mohammad Abdolrazzaghi and Mojgan Daneshmand
Sensors 2020, 20(4), 1184; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041184 - 21 Feb 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3686
Abstract
This paper presents a novel planar multifunctional sensor that is used to monitor physical variations in the environment regarding distance, angle, and stretch. A double split-ring resonator is designed at 5.2 GHz as the core operating sensor. Another identical resonator is placed on [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel planar multifunctional sensor that is used to monitor physical variations in the environment regarding distance, angle, and stretch. A double split-ring resonator is designed at 5.2 GHz as the core operating sensor. Another identical resonator is placed on top of the first one. The stacked configuration is theoretically analyzed using an electric circuit model with a detailed parameter extraction discussion. This design is first employed as a displacement sensor, and a compelling high sensitivity of 500 MHz/mm is observed for a wide dynamic range of 0-5 mm. Then, in another configuration, the stacked design is used as a rotation sensor that results in a high sensitivity of 4.5 MHz/ ° for the full range of 0-180 ° . In addition, the stacked resonator is utilized as a strain detector, and a 0–30% stretch is emulated with a linear sensitivity of 12 MHz/%. Measurements are well in congruence with simulated results, which proves the accurate functionality of the sensor in tracking mechanical deformations, all in a single compact contraption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on RF Circuits and Microwave Circuits)
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9 pages, 2235 KiB  
Article
Gated Bow-Tie Diode for Microwave to Sub-Terahertz Detection
by Steponas Ašmontas, Maksimas Anbinderis, Aurimas Čerškus, Jonas Gradauskas, Algirdas Sužiedėlis, Aldis Šilėnas, Edmundas Širmulis and Vladimir Umansky
Sensors 2020, 20(3), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030829 - 04 Feb 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2288
Abstract
We propose a new design microwave radiation sensor based on a selectively doped semiconductor structure of asymmetrical shape (so-called bow-tie diode). The novelty of the design comes down to the gating of the active layer of the diode above different regions of the [...] Read more.
We propose a new design microwave radiation sensor based on a selectively doped semiconductor structure of asymmetrical shape (so-called bow-tie diode). The novelty of the design comes down to the gating of the active layer of the diode above different regions of the two-dimensional electron channel. The gate influences the sensing properties of the bow-tie diode depending on the nature of voltage detected across the ungated one as well as on the location of the gate in regard to the diode contacts. When the gate is located by the wide contact, the voltage sensitivity increases ten times as compared to the case of the ungated diode, and the detected voltage holds the same polarity of the thermoelectric electromotive force of hot electrons in an asymmetrically shaped n-n+ junction. Another remarkable effect of the gate placed by the wide contact is weak dependence of the detected voltage on frequency which makes such a microwave diode to be a proper candidate for the detection of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave and sub-terahertz frequency range. When the gate is situated beside the narrow contact, the two orders of sensitivity magnitude increase are valid in the microwaves but the voltage sensitivity is strongly frequency-dependent for higher frequencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on RF Circuits and Microwave Circuits)
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24 pages, 2525 KiB  
Article
Generating and Detecting Solvable Chaos at Radio Frequencies with Consideration to Multi-User Ranging
by Aubrey N. Beal, Seth D. Cohen and Tamseel M. Syed
Sensors 2020, 20(3), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030774 - 31 Jan 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3972
Abstract
High entropy waveforms exhibit desirable correlation properties in radar and sonar applications when multiple systems are used in close proximity. Unfortunately, the information content of these signals can impose high sampling requirements for digital detection techniques. Solvable chaotic oscillators have been proposed to [...] Read more.
High entropy waveforms exhibit desirable correlation properties in radar and sonar applications when multiple systems are used in close proximity. Unfortunately, the information content of these signals can impose high sampling requirements for digital detection techniques. Solvable chaotic oscillators have been proposed to address such issues due to their simple, matched filters, where hardware has been demonstrated with a bandwidth of 10–20 kHz. To extend applications of these systems, we present theory, design, and experimental verification of solvable chaos at 1 MHz using simple off-the-shelf components. The waveforms produced by this system were propagated over a 2.45 GHz RF link and detected with an RLC-based, purely analog matched filter. Further, we show that properties of this special class of chaotic systems can be exploited to yield RF noise sources that are generally advantageous for multi-user ranging applications when compared to conventional techniques. The result is a simple, low-cost, and potentially low-power RF ranging system that requires very little digital signal processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on RF Circuits and Microwave Circuits)
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12 pages, 4870 KiB  
Article
Food Security Sensing System Using a Waveguide Antenna Microwave Imaging through an Example of an Egg
by Tzu-Chun Tai, Hung-Wei Wu, Cheng-Yuan Hung and Yeong-Her Wang
Sensors 2020, 20(3), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030699 - 27 Jan 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3363
Abstract
In this paper, we present a form of food security sensing using a waveguide antenna microwave imaging system through an example of an egg. A waveguide antenna system with a frequency range of 7–13 GHz and a maximum gain of 17.37 dBi was [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present a form of food security sensing using a waveguide antenna microwave imaging system through an example of an egg. A waveguide antenna system with a frequency range of 7–13 GHz and a maximum gain of 17.37 dBi was proposed. The maximum scanning area of the waveguide antenna microwave imaging sensing system is 30 × 30 cm2. In order to study the resolution and sensitivity of the waveguide antenna microwave imaging sensing system, the circular and triangular high-k materials (with the same thickness but with different dielectric constants of the materials) were used as the testing sample for observing the microwave images. By using the proposed waveguide antenna microwave imaging sensing system, the high-k materials with different dielectric constants and shapes could be easily sensed. Therefore, the waveguide antenna microwave imaging sensing system could be potentially used for applications in rapid, non-destructive food security sensing. Regarding the example of an egg, the proposed waveguide antenna microwave imaging sensing system could effectively identify the health status of many eggs very quickly. The proposed waveguide antenna microwave imaging sensing system provides a simple, non-destructive, effective, and rapid method for food security applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Based on RF Circuits and Microwave Circuits)
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