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Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications
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Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 23218

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. José María Palacios Santander

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Guest Editor
Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
Interests: composite electrodes; nanomaterials (nanoparticles, carbon black, etc.); electroanalysis; electrochemistry; chemometrics; scanning electrochemical microscopy; green synthesis of materials and nanomaterials and electrochemical sensors and biosensors; development of enzyme-based optical nanobiosensors supported on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and the synthesis and applications of molecularly imprinting polymers
Prof. Dr. Laura Cubillana Aguilera

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Guest Editor
Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
Interests: composite electrodes based on new electrode materials (mainly conductive polymers) and nanomaterials for electrochemical (bio) sensors; green synthesis of nanomaterials (mainly metal and metal oxides) and the application of all of them to electroanalysis for the determination of analytes of biomedical, environmental, and agri-food interest; characterization of materials (SEM, TEM, DRX, EDS, AFM, etc.) and chemometrics
Dr. Juan José García Guzmán

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Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cadiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario ‘Puerta del Mar’, Universidad de Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
Interests: electrochemistry; biosensors and nanomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The relentless research in nanomaterials is expanding almost every field of science. Biosensing is not an exception, and a multitude of papers have been published on this topic, focusing on the improved analytical performances of the resulting brand-new sensors based on these nanomaterials. Many authors have highlighted the role of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, nanostructured polymers, and carbon nanomaterials in the enhancement of the sensitivity and limit of detection. Interestingly, the synergistic effect that these nanomaterials provide to biological recognition elements such as enzymes has also attracted attention. On the other hand, other nanostructured materials have entirely replaced these biological species, bringing selectivity and avoiding the main demerits of enzyme-based biosensors. This Special Issue aims to collect novel and interesting new approaches of nanomaterials being applied in the biosensing field. Importantly, due to new research paths, not only will biosensors be considered, but also nanomaterials-based sensors that may compete with the classical idea of biosensors.

Prof. Dr. José María Palacios Santander
Prof. Dr. Laura Cubillana Aguilera
Dr. Juan José García Guzmán
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Biosensors and chemical sensors
  • Nanomaterials
  • Polymeric nanostructured materials
  • Electrochemical, optical, and mass biosensors
  • Environmental, biomedical, and agrifood applications
  • Nanomaterials-based non-enzymatic sensors
  • Sensor arrays

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2703 KiB  
Article
Nanoporous Cauliflower-like Pd-Loaded Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as an Enzyme-Free Electrocatalyst for Glucose Sensing at Neutral pH: Mechanism Study
by Abdelghani Ghanam, Naoufel Haddour, Hasna Mohammadi, Aziz Amine, Andrei Sabac and François Buret
Sensors 2022, 22(7), 2706; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072706 - 1 Apr 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3946
Abstract
In this work, we propose a novel functionalized carbon nanotube (f-CNT) supporting nanoporous cauliflower-like Pd nanostructures (PdNS) as an enzyme-free interface for glucose electrooxidation reaction (GOR) in a neutral medium (pH 7.4). The novelty resides in preparing the PdNS/f-CNT biomimetic nanocatalyst using a [...] Read more.
In this work, we propose a novel functionalized carbon nanotube (f-CNT) supporting nanoporous cauliflower-like Pd nanostructures (PdNS) as an enzyme-free interface for glucose electrooxidation reaction (GOR) in a neutral medium (pH 7.4). The novelty resides in preparing the PdNS/f-CNT biomimetic nanocatalyst using a cost-effective and straightforward method, which consists of drop-casting well-dispersed f-CNTs over the Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surface, followed by the electrodeposition of PdNS. Several parameters affecting the morphology, structure, and catalytic properties toward the GOR of the PdNS catalyst, such as the PdCl2 precursor concentration and electrodeposition conditions, were investigated during this work. The electrochemical behavior of the PdNS/f-CNT/SPCE toward GOR was investigated through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and amperometry. There was also a good correlation between the morphology, structure, and electrocatalytic activity of the PdNS electrocatalyst. Furthermore, the LSV response and potential-pH diagram for the palladium–water system have enabled the proposal for a mechanism of this GOR. The proposed mechanism would be beneficial, as the basis, to achieve the highest catalytic activity by selecting the suitable potential range. Under the optimal conditions, the PdNS/f-CNT/SPCE-based biomimetic sensor presented a wide linear range (1–41 mM) with a sensitivity of 9.3 µA cm−2 mM−1 and a detection limit of 95 µM (S/N = 3) toward glucose at a detection potential of +300 mV vs. a saturated calomel electrode. Furthermore, because of the fascinating features such as fast response, low cost, reusability, and poison-free characteristics, the as-proposed electrocatalyst could be of great interest in both detection systems (glucose sensors) and direct glucose fuel cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)
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17 pages, 7214 KiB  
Article
The New Ion-Selective Electrodes Developed for Ferric Cations Determination, Modified with Synthesized Al and Fe−Based Nanoparticles
by Andrea Paut, Ante Prkić, Ivana Mitar, Lucija Guć, Marijan Marciuš, Martina Vrankić, Stjepko Krehula and Lara Tomaško
Sensors 2022, 22(1), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010297 - 31 Dec 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3472
Abstract
The solid-state ion-selective electrodes presented here are based on the FePO4:Ag2S:polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) = 1:1:2 with an addition of (0.25–1)% microwave-synthesized hematite (α-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), boehmite [γ-AlO(OH)], and alumina (Al2O [...] Read more.
The solid-state ion-selective electrodes presented here are based on the FePO4:Ag2S:polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) = 1:1:2 with an addition of (0.25–1)% microwave-synthesized hematite (α-Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), boehmite [γ-AlO(OH)], and alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) in order to establish ideal membrane composition for iron(III) cations determination. Synthesized NPs are characterized with Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The iron oxides NPs, more specifically, magnetite and hematite, showed a more positive effect on the sensing properties than boehmite and alumina NPs. The hematite NPs had the most significant effect on the linear range for the determination of ferric cations. The membrane containing 0.25% hematite NPs showed a slope of −19.75 mV per decade in the linear range from 1.2∙10−6 to 10−2 mol L−1, with a correlation factor of 0.9925. The recoveries for the determination of ferric cations in standard solutions were 99.4, 106.7, 93.6, and 101.1% for different concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)
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16 pages, 2738 KiB  
Article
A Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Sonogel-Carbon Material Enriched with Gold Nanoparticles for Melatonin Determination
by Cecilia Lete, David López-Iglesias, Juan José García-Guzmán, Sorina-Alexandra Leau, Adina Elena Stanciu, Mariana Marin, José Maria Palacios-Santander, Stelian Lupu and Laura Cubillana-Aguilera
Sensors 2022, 22(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010120 - 24 Dec 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4348
Abstract
In this work, the development of an electrochemical sensor for melatonin determination is presented. The sensor was based on Sonogel-Carbon electrode material (SNGCE) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The low-cost and environmentally friendly SNGCE material was prepared by the ultrasound-assisted sonogel method. AuNPs were [...] Read more.
In this work, the development of an electrochemical sensor for melatonin determination is presented. The sensor was based on Sonogel-Carbon electrode material (SNGCE) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The low-cost and environmentally friendly SNGCE material was prepared by the ultrasound-assisted sonogel method. AuNPs were prepared by a chemical route and narrow size distribution was obtained. The electrochemical characterization of the SNGCE/AuNP sensor was carried out by cyclic voltammetry in the presence of a redox probe. The analytical performance of the SNGCE/AuNP sensor in terms of linear response range, repeatability, selectivity, and limit of detection was investigated. The optimized SNGCE/AuNP sensor displayed a low detection limit of 8.4 nM melatonin in synthetic samples assessed by means of the amperometry technique. The potential use of the proposed sensor in real sample analysis and the anti-matrix capability were assessed by a recovery study of melatonin detection in human peripheral blood serum with good accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)
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23 pages, 5512 KiB  
Article
Polyaniline Nanofibers-Embedded Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by Template-Free Procedure with Immobilization Prospects
by Joaquín Rafael Crespo-Rosa, Alfonso Sierra-Padilla, Juan José García-Guzmán, David López-Iglesias, Dolores Bellido-Milla, José María Palacios-Santander and Laura Cubillana-Aguilera
Sensors 2021, 21(24), 8470; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248470 - 18 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3583
Abstract
In this work, template-free nanostructured conducting polymers (nCPs)-embedded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from aniline, thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene have been prepared via a one-pot sonochemical method. The synthesis of the nanocomposite (nCPs-AuNPs) was achieved in a short period of time (5–10 min), by applying high-energy [...] Read more.
In this work, template-free nanostructured conducting polymers (nCPs)-embedded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from aniline, thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene have been prepared via a one-pot sonochemical method. The synthesis of the nanocomposite (nCPs-AuNPs) was achieved in a short period of time (5–10 min), by applying high-energy ultrasound to an aqueous mixture of a CP precursor monomer and KAuCl4, in the presence of LiClO4 as dopant. The synthesis process is simpler, greener and faster in comparison to other procedures reported in the literature. Remarkably, bulk quantities of doped polyaniline PANI-AuNPs nanofibers were obtained. Subsequently, they were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). PANI-AuNPs nanofibers were also employed as immobilization matrix for a benchmark enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX). Finally, glucose was determined in real samples of white and red wines by using the so-obtained GOX-PANI-AuNPs/Sonogel-Carbon biosensor, providing outstanding recoveries (99.54%). This work may offer important insights into the synthesis of nanostructured conducting polymers and also stimulates the exploration of the applications of these nanocomposites, especially in research fields such as (bio)sensors, catalysis and composite materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)
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Review

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29 pages, 3929 KiB  
Review
Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)
by Emiliano Martínez-Periñán, Marcos Martínez-Fernández, José L. Segura and Encarnación Lorenzo
Sensors 2022, 22(13), 4758; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134758 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 6555
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are defined as crystalline organic polymers with programmable topological architectures using properly predesigned building blocks precursors. Since the development of the first COF in 2005, many works are emerging using this kind of material for different applications, such as [...] Read more.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are defined as crystalline organic polymers with programmable topological architectures using properly predesigned building blocks precursors. Since the development of the first COF in 2005, many works are emerging using this kind of material for different applications, such as the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. COF shows superb characteristics, such as tuneable pore size and structure, permanent porosity, high surface area, thermal stability, and low density. Apart from these special properties, COF’s electrochemical behaviour can be modulated using electroactive building blocks. Furthermore, the great variety of functional groups that can be inserted in their structures makes them interesting materials to be conjugated with biological recognition elements, such as antibodies, enzymes, DNA probe, aptamer, etc. Moreover, the possibility of linking them with other special nanomaterials opens a wide range of possibilities to develop new electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)
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