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Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications

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A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2022) | Viewed by 16675

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. José María Palacios Santander

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Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
Interests: composite electrodes; nanomaterials (nanoparticles, carbon black, etc.); electroanalysis; electrochemistry; chemometrics; scanning electrochemical microscopy; green synthesis of materials and nanomaterials and electrochemical sensors and biosensors; development of enzyme-based optical nanobiosensors supported on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles and the synthesis and applications of molecularly imprinting polymers

Prof. Dr. Laura Cubillana Aguilera

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Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEIMAR), University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Polígono del Río San Pedro S/N, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
Interests: composite electrodes based on new electrode materials (mainly conductive polymers) and nanomaterials for electrochemical (bio) sensors; green synthesis of nanomaterials (mainly metal and metal oxides) and the application of all of them to electroanalysis for the determination of analytes of biomedical, environmental, and agri-food interest; characterization of materials (SEM, TEM, DRX, EDS, AFM, etc.) and chemometrics

Dr. Juan José García Guzmán

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Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cadiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario ‘Puerta del Mar’, Universidad de Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
Interests: electrochemistry; biosensors and nanomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The relentless research in nanomaterials is expanding almost every field of science. Biosensing is not an exception, and a multitude of papers have been published on this topic, focusing on the improved analytical performances of the resulting brand-new sensors based on these nanomaterials. Many authors have highlighted the role of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, nanostructured polymers, and carbon nanomaterials in the enhancement of the sensitivity and limit of detection. Interestingly, the synergistic effect that these nanomaterials provide to biological recognition elements such as enzymes has also attracted attention. On the other hand, other nanostructured materials have entirely replaced these biological species, bringing selectivity and avoiding the main demerits of enzyme-based biosensors. This Special Issue aims to collect novel and interesting new approaches of nanomaterials being applied in the biosensing field. Importantly, due to new research paths, not only will biosensors be considered, but also nanomaterials-based sensors that may compete with the classical idea of biosensors.

Prof. Dr. José María Palacios Santander
Prof. Dr. Laura Cubillana Aguilera
Dr. Juan José García Guzmán
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Biosensors and chemical sensors
Nanomaterials
Polymeric nanostructured materials
Electrochemical, optical, and mass biosensors
Environmental, biomedical, and agrifood applications
Nanomaterials-based non-enzymatic sensors
Sensor arrays

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2703 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Nanoporous Cauliflower-like Pd-Loaded Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as an Enzyme-Free Electrocatalyst for Glucose Sensing at Neutral pH: Mechanism Study

by Abdelghani Ghanam, Naoufel Haddour, Hasna Mohammadi, Aziz Amine, Andrei Sabac and François Buret

Sensors 2022, 22(7), 2706; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072706 - 01 Apr 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2942

Abstract

In this work, we propose a novel functionalized carbon nanotube (f-CNT) supporting nanoporous cauliflower-like Pd nanostructures (PdNS) as an enzyme-free interface for glucose electrooxidation reaction (GOR) in a neutral medium (pH 7.4). The novelty resides in preparing the PdNS/f-CNT biomimetic nanocatalyst using a cost-effective and straightforward method, which consists of drop-casting well-dispersed f-CNTs over the Screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) surface, followed by the electrodeposition of PdNS. Several parameters affecting the morphology, structure, and catalytic properties toward the GOR of the PdNS catalyst, such as the PdCl₂ precursor concentration and electrodeposition conditions, were investigated during this work. The electrochemical behavior of the PdNS/f-CNT/SPCE toward GOR was investigated through Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), and amperometry. There was also a good correlation between the morphology, structure, and electrocatalytic activity of the PdNS electrocatalyst. Furthermore, the LSV response and potential-pH diagram for the palladium–water system have enabled the proposal for a mechanism of this GOR. The proposed mechanism would be beneficial, as the basis, to achieve the highest catalytic activity by selecting the suitable potential range. Under the optimal conditions, the PdNS/f-CNT/SPCE-based biomimetic sensor presented a wide linear range (1–41 mM) with a sensitivity of 9.3 µA cm⁻² mM⁻¹ and a detection limit of 95 µM (S/N = 3) toward glucose at a detection potential of +300 mV vs. a saturated calomel electrode. Furthermore, because of the fascinating features such as fast response, low cost, reusability, and poison-free characteristics, the as-proposed electrocatalyst could be of great interest in both detection systems (glucose sensors) and direct glucose fuel cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)

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17 pages, 7214 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The New Ion-Selective Electrodes Developed for Ferric Cations Determination, Modified with Synthesized Al and Fe−Based Nanoparticles

by Andrea Paut, Ante Prkić, Ivana Mitar, Lucija Guć, Marijan Marciuš, Martina Vrankić, Stjepko Krehula and Lara Tomaško

Sensors 2022, 22(1), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010297 - 31 Dec 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2355

Abstract

The solid-state ion-selective electrodes presented here are based on the FePO₄:Ag₂S:polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) = 1:1:2 with an addition of (0.25–1)% microwave-synthesized hematite (α-Fe₂O₃), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), boehmite [γ-AlO(OH)], and alumina (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles (NPs) in order to establish ideal membrane composition for iron(III) cations determination. Synthesized NPs are characterized with Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The iron oxides NPs, more specifically, magnetite and hematite, showed a more positive effect on the sensing properties than boehmite and alumina NPs. The hematite NPs had the most significant effect on the linear range for the determination of ferric cations. The membrane containing 0.25% hematite NPs showed a slope of −19.75 mV per decade in the linear range from 1.2∙10⁻⁶ to 10⁻² mol L⁻¹, with a correlation factor of 0.9925. The recoveries for the determination of ferric cations in standard solutions were 99.4, 106.7, 93.6, and 101.1% for different concentrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)

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16 pages, 2738 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Sonogel-Carbon Material Enriched with Gold Nanoparticles for Melatonin Determination

by Cecilia Lete, David López-Iglesias, Juan José García-Guzmán, Sorina-Alexandra Leau, Adina Elena Stanciu, Mariana Marin, José Maria Palacios-Santander, Stelian Lupu and Laura Cubillana-Aguilera

Sensors 2022, 22(1), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010120 - 24 Dec 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3216

Abstract

In this work, the development of an electrochemical sensor for melatonin determination is presented. The sensor was based on Sonogel-Carbon electrode material (SNGCE) and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The low-cost and environmentally friendly SNGCE material was prepared by the ultrasound-assisted sonogel method. AuNPs were prepared by a chemical route and narrow size distribution was obtained. The electrochemical characterization of the SNGCE/AuNP sensor was carried out by cyclic voltammetry in the presence of a redox probe. The analytical performance of the SNGCE/AuNP sensor in terms of linear response range, repeatability, selectivity, and limit of detection was investigated. The optimized SNGCE/AuNP sensor displayed a low detection limit of 8.4 nM melatonin in synthetic samples assessed by means of the amperometry technique. The potential use of the proposed sensor in real sample analysis and the anti-matrix capability were assessed by a recovery study of melatonin detection in human peripheral blood serum with good accuracy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)

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23 pages, 5512 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Polyaniline Nanofibers-Embedded Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by Template-Free Procedure with Immobilization Prospects

by Joaquín Rafael Crespo-Rosa, Alfonso Sierra-Padilla, Juan José García-Guzmán, David López-Iglesias, Dolores Bellido-Milla, José María Palacios-Santander and Laura Cubillana-Aguilera

Sensors 2021, 21(24), 8470; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248470 - 18 Dec 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2647

Abstract

In this work, template-free nanostructured conducting polymers (nCPs)-embedded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from aniline, thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene have been prepared via a one-pot sonochemical method. The synthesis of the nanocomposite (nCPs-AuNPs) was achieved in a short period of time (5–10 min), by applying high-energy ultrasound to an aqueous mixture of a CP precursor monomer and KAuCl₄, in the presence of LiClO₄ as dopant. The synthesis process is simpler, greener and faster in comparison to other procedures reported in the literature. Remarkably, bulk quantities of doped polyaniline PANI-AuNPs nanofibers were obtained. Subsequently, they were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). PANI-AuNPs nanofibers were also employed as immobilization matrix for a benchmark enzyme, glucose oxidase (GOX). Finally, glucose was determined in real samples of white and red wines by using the so-obtained GOX-PANI-AuNPs/Sonogel-Carbon biosensor, providing outstanding recoveries (99.54%). This work may offer important insights into the synthesis of nanostructured conducting polymers and also stimulates the exploration of the applications of these nanocomposites, especially in research fields such as (bio)sensors, catalysis and composite materials. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)

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Review

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29 pages, 3929 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors Based on Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)

by Emiliano Martínez-Periñán, Marcos Martínez-Fernández, José L. Segura and Encarnación Lorenzo

Sensors 2022, 22(13), 4758; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134758 - 23 Jun 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4373

Abstract

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are defined as crystalline organic polymers with programmable topological architectures using properly predesigned building blocks precursors. Since the development of the first COF in 2005, many works are emerging using this kind of material for different applications, such as the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors. COF shows superb characteristics, such as tuneable pore size and structure, permanent porosity, high surface area, thermal stability, and low density. Apart from these special properties, COF’s electrochemical behaviour can be modulated using electroactive building blocks. Furthermore, the great variety of functional groups that can be inserted in their structures makes them interesting materials to be conjugated with biological recognition elements, such as antibodies, enzymes, DNA probe, aptamer, etc. Moreover, the possibility of linking them with other special nanomaterials opens a wide range of possibilities to develop new electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Game Changer Nanomaterials: A New Concept for Biosensing Applications)

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