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Sensors and Analog Front-End Circuits for Sensing Systems and High Sensitivity Measurements: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Electronic Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 1133

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu 376-8515, Japan
Interests: circuit design; IC testing; signal processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Industrial Property Cooperation Center, Fukagawa Gatharia W3 Building, 1-2-15 Kiba, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: position sensors; magnetic sensors; IoT
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Electronics and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu Gunma 376-8515, Japan
Interests: image processing; measurement technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent sensing systems use many sensors and their analog front-end circuits are very important; they should be low cost, low power and be of small size. On the other hand, high-sensitivity measurement sensors for weak signals are performance-oriented. This Special Issue deals with sensors and analog front-end circuits for sensing systems and high-sensitivity measurements, including the design, calibration and testing technologies as well as the novel concepts. New sensors and new architectures of analog front-end circuits for sensing systems and high-sensitivity measurements are covered in this Special Issue. The related technologies to achieve high performance, low cost, miniature size, one-chip integration, board integration, high reliability, calibration for high accuracy, and testing for mass production as well as the following digital signal processing algorithms and systems are also covered. We are looking for original contributions to these areas.

Prof. Dr. Haruo Kobayashi
Toshio Iino
Dr. Tadashi Ito
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • sensors for recent sensing systems
  • high-sensitivity measurement
  • sensors (image sensors, photo sensors, magnetic sensors, acceleration sensors, gyro sensors, temperature sensors, position sensors, strain sensors, pressure sensors, sounds sensors, flow sensors, gas sensors, soil sensors, biomagnetism sensors, and so on) Integrated sensors
  • MEMS sensors
  • analog filter
  • op amp
  • delta-sigma ADC
  • incremental ADC
  • SAR ADC
  • analog signal conditioning
  • calibration
  • testing
  • power supply circuits (switching converter, charge pump circuits, LDOs)

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4243 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Respiratory States Based on a Measurement Model of Airflow Characteristics in Powered Air-Purifying Respirators Using Differential Pressure and Pulse Width Modulation Control Signals—In the Development of a Public-Oriented Powered Air-Purifying Respirator as an Alternative to Lockdown Measures
by Yusaku Fujii, Akihiro Takita, Seiji Hashimoto and Kenji Amagai
Sensors 2025, 25(9), 2939; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25092939 - 7 May 2025
Viewed by 350
Abstract
Fluid dynamics modeling was conducted for the supply unit of a Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) consisting of a nonwoven fabric filter and a pump, as well as for the exhaust filter (nonwoven fabric). The supply flow rate Q1 was modeled as a [...] Read more.
Fluid dynamics modeling was conducted for the supply unit of a Powered Air-Purifying Respirator (PAPR) consisting of a nonwoven fabric filter and a pump, as well as for the exhaust filter (nonwoven fabric). The supply flow rate Q1 was modeled as a function of the differential pressure ΔP and the duty value d of the PWM control under a constant pump voltage of V = 12.0 [V]. In contrast, the exhaust flow rate Q2 was modeled solely as a function of ΔP. To simulate the pressurized hood compartment of the PAPR, a pressure buffer and a connected “respiratory airflow simulator” (a piston–cylinder mechanism) were developed. The supply unit and exhaust filter were connected to this pressure buffer, and simulated respiratory flow was introduced as an external disturbance flow. Under these conditions, it was demonstrated that the respiratory state—i.e., the expiratory state (flow from the simulator to the pressure buffer) and the inspiratory state (flow from the pressure buffer to the simulator)—can be estimated from the differential pressure ΔP, the pump voltage V, and the PWM duty value d, with respect to the disturbance flow generated by the respiratory airflow simulator. It was also confirmed that such respiratory state estimation remains valid even when the duty value d of the pump is being actively modulated to control the internal pressure of the PAPR hood. Furthermore, based on the estimated respiratory states, a theoretical investigation was conducted on constant pressure control inside the PAPR and on the inverse pressure control aimed at supporting respiratory activity—namely, pressure control that assists breathing by depressurizing when expiratory motion is detected and pressurizing when inspiratory motion is detected. This study was conducted as part of a research and development project on public-oriented PAPR systems, which are being explored as alternatives to lockdown measures in response to airborne infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The present work specifically focused on improving the wearing comfort of the PAPR. Full article
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Review

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51 pages, 20222 KiB  
Review
Selective Notch Frequency Technology for EMI Noise Reduction in DC–DC Converters: A Review
by Yasunori Kobori, Yifei Sun and Haruo Kobayashi
Sensors 2025, 25(10), 3196; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25103196 - 19 May 2025
Viewed by 298
Abstract
This review presents our band-selective frequency technology of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) noise spread spectrum in the DC–DC switching converter for communication devices. The DC–DC switching converter generates electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise. To comply with EMI regulations and reduce the need for bulky filters [...] Read more.
This review presents our band-selective frequency technology of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) noise spread spectrum in the DC–DC switching converter for communication devices. The DC–DC switching converter generates electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise. To comply with EMI regulations and reduce the need for bulky filters and shielding, noise spread spectrum technology is commonly employed. However, conventional methods may allow noise to encroach upon the signal band. To address this issue, selective notch frequency technology has been developed. This technology creates notch characteristic spectrum bands, ensuring a low noise level within the received frequency range. It detects the received frequency and generates a notch band there using a switching pulse control technology. This technology employs pulse coding techniques, including pulse width coding, pulse phase coding, and a combination of pulse width and phase coding. Then, we demonstrate a technique that tunes the notch band frequency to the received signal one automatically. We review their underlying principles, theoretical analyses, and experimental results, which validate the effectiveness of the selective notch frequency technology. Also, possible applications of this technology to sensor systems are discussed. Full article
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