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Advanced Techniques for Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing and Gas Sensor Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 2475

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fluctuation-enhanced sensing (FES) techniques arise from the observation that the microscopic, random fluctuation phenomena in sensors are rich sources of information. Unlike traditional sensing methods, FES acts in a way completely analogous to biological sensing, taking advantage of the fact that the sensed agent changes the statistics of the generated output given that it is the noise (the signal fluctuations) that carries the useful sensory information. The application of FES enables the attainment of sensitivity orders of magnitude higher than those of classical sensing methods, even when compared to standard commercial electronic noses. In order to reach the highest sensitivity, particular attention must be paid to the dedicated instrumentation necessary for the application of the FES technique, and suitable methods for the identification of the agents starting from the measurements must be developed. For this Special Issue, we want to collect contributions that are relevant in the field of FES, focused on sensors, on measurement techniques and instruments, and on algorithms and techniques for the identification of gases and odors.

Dr. Graziella Scandurra
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gas sensor
  • fluctuation-enhanced sensing
  • low noise instrumentation
  • noise measurements
  • spectral analysis and spectrum analyzers
  • identification algorithms and techniques

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 8254 KiB  
Article
ZnO Hexagonal Nano- and Microplates Modified with Nanomaterials as a Gas-Sensitive Material for DMS Detection—Extended Studies
by Patrycja Suchorska-Woźniak and Helena Teterycz
Sensors 2024, 24(17), 5690; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175690 - 1 Sep 2024
Viewed by 538
Abstract
The detection of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) at levels between ppb and ppm is a significant area of research due to the necessity of monitoring the presence of this gas in a variety of environments. These include environmental protection, industrial safety and medical diagnostics. [...] Read more.
The detection of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) at levels between ppb and ppm is a significant area of research due to the necessity of monitoring the presence of this gas in a variety of environments. These include environmental protection, industrial safety and medical diagnostics. Issues related to certain uncertainties concerning the influence of high humidity on DMS measurements with resistive gas sensors, e.g., in the detection of this marker in exhaled air, of the still unsatisfactory lower detection limit of DMS are the subject of intensive research. This paper presents the results of modifying the composition of the ZnO-based sensor layer to develop a DMS sensor with higher sensitivity and lower detection limit (LOD). Improved performance was achieved by using ZnO in the form of hexagonal nano- and microplates doped with gold nanoparticles (0.75 wt.%) and by using a well-proven sepiolite-based passive filter. The modification of the layer composition with respect to the authors’ previous studies contributed to the development of a sensor that is highly sensitive to 1 ppm DMS (S = 11.4) and achieves an LOD of up to 406 ppb, despite the presence of a high water vapour content (90% RH) in the analysed atmosphere. Full article
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19 pages, 2659 KiB  
Article
Flicker Noise in Resistive Gas Sensors—Measurement Setups and Applications for Enhanced Gas Sensing
by Janusz Smulko, Graziella Scandurra, Katarzyna Drozdowska, Andrzej Kwiatkowski, Carmine Ciofi and He Wen
Sensors 2024, 24(2), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020405 - 9 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1559
Abstract
We discuss the implementation challenges of gas sensing systems based on low-frequency noise measurements on chemoresistive sensors. Resistance fluctuations in various gas sensing materials, in a frequency range typically up to a few kHz, can enhance gas sensing by considering its intensity and [...] Read more.
We discuss the implementation challenges of gas sensing systems based on low-frequency noise measurements on chemoresistive sensors. Resistance fluctuations in various gas sensing materials, in a frequency range typically up to a few kHz, can enhance gas sensing by considering its intensity and the slope of power spectral density. The issues of low-frequency noise measurements in resistive gas sensors, specifically in two-dimensional materials exhibiting gas-sensing properties, are considered. We present measurement setups and noise-processing methods for gas detection. The chemoresistive sensors show various DC resistances requiring different flicker noise measurement approaches. Separate noise measurement setups are used for resistances up to a few hundred kΩ and for resistances with much higher values. Noise measurements in highly resistive materials (e.g., MoS2, WS2, and ZrS3) are prone to external interferences but can be modulated using temperature or light irradiation for enhanced sensing. Therefore, such materials are of considerable interest for gas sensing. Full article
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