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Remote Sensing
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International GNSS Service Validation, Application and Calibration (2nd Edition)
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International GNSS Service Validation, Application and Calibration (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Satellite Missions for Earth and Planetary Exploration".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1782

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Serdjo Kos

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Studentska 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: maritime navigation; navigation information systems; GNSS-based remote sensing; satellite positioning error analyses; maritime navigation risk assessment; GeoRSS systems and technologies; route optimisation; positioning error correlations; electronic navigation in maritime; SAR digital imaging and processing; performance standards in position, navigation and timing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mario Bakota

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Split, Split, Croatia
Interests: maritime; GNSS; SAR digital imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. David Brčić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: maritime navigation; navigation information systems; GNSS-based remote sensing; satellite positioning error analyses; maritime navigation risk assessment; GeoRSS systems and technologies, route optimisation; positioning error correlations; electronic navigation in maritime; SAR digital imaging and processing; performance standards in position, navigation and timing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a collection of satellites that are positioned in a specific way to produce and transmit location, timing, and navigation data from space to connected sensors on Earth. Additionally, they offer several distinguishing features, such as the utilization of L-band frequencies, which are particularly well suited to use in remote sensing. It has been proven that GNSS remote sensing can be utilized as a substitute for passive remote sensing.

GNSS calibration is required to make sure that the data and outcomes are accurate. In essence, GNSS site calibration creates the link between the required local northing, easting, and elevation and the WGS84 latitude, longitude, and ellipsoidal height. Typically, site calibration entails both a horizontal and vertical adjustment.

This Special Issue is the second volume of the issue “International GNSS Service Validation, Application and Calibration”. On the basis of the previous research results, this volume aims to present recent advances in using real-time GNSS in a variety of applications, as well as validation and calibration techniques. The following are just a few examples of potential topics:

  • GNSS precise positioning applications in geodesy;
  • GNSS signal processing and calibration;
  • The precise non-linear motion modelling of GNSS reference stations and their physical mechanisms;
  • Aided real-time GNSS precise positioning services and sensor fusion in challenging environments;
  • The identification of GNSS error sources and mitigation mechanisms;
  • GNSS augmentation systems and integrity monitoring;
  • Real-time GNSS precise positioning services with smartphones;
  • The geohazard monitoring of volcanos, earthquakes, subsidence and landslides;
  • Connected and autonomous vehicles;
  • Integrated applications of BIM and digital twins in infrastructure;
  • Monitoring the Earth's ionosphere and troposphere;
  • Monitoring deformations of the solid Earth and variations in the hydrosphere;
  • Time and frequency transfer;
  • Earth rotation;
  • Atmospheric parameters;
  • Supporting geodetic research.

Prof. Dr. Serdjo Kos
Dr. Mario Bakota
Dr. David Brčić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • GNSS technique/technology
  • GNSS positioning error budget
  • GNSS risk assessment
  • Space weather impact on GNSS
  • GNSS satellite orbit determination
  • GNSS data validation
  • GNSS applications on environments including water vapor, water level, and underwater surveying
  • GNSS applications in disasters such as fires and oil spills
  • GNSS applications on infrastructures
  • GNSS time and frequency transfer
  • GNSS atmospheric parameters
  • GNSS geodetic research
  • GNSS interferometric reflectometry applications

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 23032 KiB  
Article
Statistical Approach to Research on the Relationship Between Kp/Dst Geomagnetic Indices and Total GPS Position Error
by Mario Bakota, Igor Jelaska, Serdjo Kos and David Brčić
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(14), 2374; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17142374 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 250
Abstract
This study examines the impact of geomagnetic disturbances quantified by the Kp and Dst indices on the accuracy of single-frequency GPS positioning across mid-latitudes and the equatorial zone, with a focus on temporal and spatial positioning errors variability. GNSS data from a globally [...] Read more.
This study examines the impact of geomagnetic disturbances quantified by the Kp and Dst indices on the accuracy of single-frequency GPS positioning across mid-latitudes and the equatorial zone, with a focus on temporal and spatial positioning errors variability. GNSS data from a globally distributed network of 14 IGS stations were analyzed for September 2017, featuring significant geomagnetic activity. The selection of stations encompassed equatorial and mid-latitude regions (approximately ±45°), strategically aligned with the distribution of the Dst index during geomagnetic storms. Satellite navigation data were processed using RTKLIB software in standalone mode with standardized atmospheric and orbital corrections. The GPS was chosen over GLONASS following preliminary testing, which revealed a higher sensitivity of GPS positional accuracy to variations in geomagnetic indices such as Kp and Dst, despite generally lower total error magnitudes. The ECEF coordinate system calculates the total GPS error as the vector sum of deviations in the X, Y, and Z axes. Statistical evaluation was performed using One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA to determine whether positional error variances across geomagnetic activity phases were significant. The results of the variance analysis confirm that the variation in the total GPS positioning error is non-random and can be attributed to the influence of geomagnetic storms. However, regression analysis reveals that the impact of geomagnetic storms (quantified by Kp and Dst) displays spatiotemporal variability, with no consistent correlation to GPS positioning error dynamics. The findings, as well as the developed methodology, have qualitative implications for GNSS-dependent operations in sensitive sectors such as navigation, timing services, and geospatial monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International GNSS Service Validation, Application and Calibration (2nd Edition))
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17 pages, 1581 KiB  
Article
The Influence of the Spatial Co-Registration Error on the Estimation of Growing Stock Volume Based on Airborne Laser Scanning Metrics
by Marek Lisańczuk, Krzysztof Mitelsztedt and Krzysztof Stereńczak
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(24), 4709; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16244709 - 17 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
Remote sensing (RS)-based forest inventories are becoming increasingly common in forest management. However, practical applications often require subsequent optimisation steps. One of the most popular RS-based forest inventory methods is the two-phase inventory with regression estimator, commonly referred to as the area-based approach [...] Read more.
Remote sensing (RS)-based forest inventories are becoming increasingly common in forest management. However, practical applications often require subsequent optimisation steps. One of the most popular RS-based forest inventory methods is the two-phase inventory with regression estimator, commonly referred to as the area-based approach (ABA). There are many sources of variation that contribute to the overall performance of this method. One of them, which is related to the core aspect of this method, is the spatial co-registration error between ground measurements and RS data. This error arises mainly from the imperfection of the methods for positioning the sample plots under the forest canopy. In this study, we investigated how this positioning accuracy affects the area-based growing stock volume (GSV) estimation under different forest conditions and sample plot radii. In order to analyse this relationship, an artificial co-registration error was induced in a series of simulations and various scenarios. The results showed that there were minimal differences in ABA inventory performance for displacements below 4 m for all stratification groups except for deciduous sites, where sub-metre plot positioning accuracy was justified, as site- and terrain-related factors had some influence on GSV estimation error (r up to 0.4). On the other hand, denser canopy and spatially homogeneous stands mitigated the negative aspects of weaker GNSS positioning capabilities under broadleaved forest types. In the case of RMSE, the results for plots smaller than 400 m2 were visibly inferior. The BIAS behaviour was less strict in this regard. Knowledge of the actual positioning accuracy as well as the co-registration threshold required for a particular stand type could help manage and optimise fieldwork, as well as better distinguish sources of statistical uncertainty. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue International GNSS Service Validation, Application and Calibration (2nd Edition))
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