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Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition
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Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Reactions (ISSN 2624-781X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2024) | Viewed by 14131

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Valérie Meille

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, F-69626, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; structured reactors; catalyst coating; kinetics; reaction mechanism; multiphase reactions; catalytic depollution; hydrogen storage (LOHC); C–C coupling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Francesco Frusteri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via S. Lucia sopra Contesse 5, 98126 Messina, Italy
Interests: innovative catalyst development; alternative fuel production; CO2 conversion; innovative chemical reactors; H2 production via renewable sources; biofuels; oxygenated additive production for liquid fuels; biomass conversion; supercritical phase reactions; materials for energy storage; processes for thermal energy use
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sibudjing Kawi

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
Interests: applied catalysis; CO2 capture and utilization; biomass gasification; membranes; catalytic membrane reactor; hydrogen production; hydrogen storage in liquid carriers via hydrogenation–dehydrogenation reactions; plasma catalysis; photocatalysis; photothermal catalysis; electrocatalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this proposed Special Issue is to collect worldwide contributions from experts in the fields of hydrogen production and storage, and especially the chemical reactions involved in these fields. The following areas/sections will be covered by the call for original papers:

  • Alternative hydrogen production (electrolysis, solar-driven water splitting, bio-hydrogen, bio-gasification, hydrogen from biomass, etc.);
  • Hydrogen storage in solid materials;
  • Hydrogen storage in organic liquid carriers (LOHC)—hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycle;
  • Power-to-hydrogen processes.

Dr. Valérie Meille
Prof. Dr. Francesco Frusteri
Dr. Sibudjing Kawi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Reactions is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen
  • electrolysis
  • water splitting
  • renewable hydrogen
  • LOHC
  • metal hydrides
  • graphenes
  • photocatalysis
  • power-to-hydrogen

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3924 KiB  
Article
Synthesis of Nanostructured Mg2Ni for Hydrogen Storage by Mechanical Alloying via High-Pressure Torsion
by Edgar Ignacio López Gómez, Joaquín Gonzalez, Jorge M. Cubero-Sesin and Jacques Huot
Reactions 2024, 5(4), 651-663; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions5040033 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 870
Abstract
Mg2Ni is a highly promising candidate for solid-state hydrogen storage due to its high storage capacity. However, its synthesis is challenging due to the high melting point of Ni (1455 °C) and the boiling point of Mg (1090 °C). In this [...] Read more.
Mg2Ni is a highly promising candidate for solid-state hydrogen storage due to its high storage capacity. However, its synthesis is challenging due to the high melting point of Ni (1455 °C) and the boiling point of Mg (1090 °C). In this study, elemental powder mixtures of Mg and 30 at% Ni were processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) to synthesize the Mg2Ni intermetallic compound through mechanical methods. The formation of 11 wt% of Mg2Ni after 50 turns of HPT was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), reaching a maximum of 59 wt% after 100 turns. Rietveld refinement confirmed a nanocrystalline size for the Mg2Ni phase synthesized via HPT. Hydrogenation tests showed that the Mg-Ni synthesized by HPT can absorb hydrogen at 350 °C even after several weeks of air exposure. Furthermore, a maximum absorption capacity of 3.8 wt% was reached after 20 h of hydrogen exposure for the sample with 100 turns. This capacity is close to the theoretical capacity of 3.9 wt% for this composition. The results confirm that combining HPT with subsequent heat treatment is an efficient strategy to increase the Mg2Ni fraction after HPT processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition)
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10 pages, 3228 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the First Hydrogenation of LaNi5
by Salma Sleiman, Samaneh Shahgaldi and Jacques Huot
Reactions 2024, 5(3), 419-428; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions5030021 - 2 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 895
Abstract
The first hydrogenation of most metal hydrides is a lengthy process that usually requires high pressure and temperature. This, in turn, significantly increases the production cost of metal hydrides. In this paper, the low temperature hydride-forming LaNi5 was selected to investigate the mechanism [...] Read more.
The first hydrogenation of most metal hydrides is a lengthy process that usually requires high pressure and temperature. This, in turn, significantly increases the production cost of metal hydrides. In this paper, the low temperature hydride-forming LaNi5 was selected to investigate the mechanism of first hydrogenation. For the first time, the effect of particle size, temperature and pressure on the incubation time were studied. We found that the first hydrogenation of LaNi5 follows an Arrhenius process, with an activation energy of EA = 78 ± 4 kJ/mol H2. We also found that the pre-exponential factor depends on the applied pressure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 2231 KiB  
Article
Experimental Control of a Methanol Catalytic Membrane Reformer
by Alejandro Cifuentes, Maria Serra, Ricardo Torres and Jordi Llorca
Reactions 2023, 4(4), 702-712; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040040 - 6 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1985
Abstract
A simple proportional integral (PI) controller with scheduled gain has been developed and implemented in a catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) to obtain pure hydrogen from a methanol steam reforming process. The controller is designed to track the setpoint of the pure hydrogen flow [...] Read more.
A simple proportional integral (PI) controller with scheduled gain has been developed and implemented in a catalytic membrane reactor (CMR) to obtain pure hydrogen from a methanol steam reforming process. The controller is designed to track the setpoint of the pure hydrogen flow rate in the permeate side of the CMR via the manipulation of the fuel inlet flow rate. Therefore, the controller actuator is the liquid pump that provides the mixture of methanol and water to the reactor. Within the CMR, the catalytic pellets of PdZn/ZnAl2O4/Al2O3 have been used to facilitate the methanol steam-reforming reaction under stoichiometric conditions (S/C = 1), and Pd–Ag metallic membranes have been employed to simultaneously separate the generated hydrogen. The PI controller design is based on a mathematical model constructed using transfer functions acquired from dynamic experiments conducted with the CMR. The controller has been successfully implemented, and experimental validation tests have been carried out at 450 °C and relative pressures of 6, 8, 10, and 12 bar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 7057 KiB  
Article
Confinement of LiAlH4 in a Mesoporous Carbon Black for Improved Near-Ambient Release of H2
by Pavle Ramah, Rasmus Palm, Kenneth Tuul, Jaan Aruväli, Martin Månsson and Enn Lust
Reactions 2023, 4(4), 635-646; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4040035 - 11 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1548
Abstract
LiAlH4 is a potential solid-state H2 storage material, where safe and efficient H2 storage is of critical importance for the transition towards a sustainable emission-free economy. To improve the H2 release and storage properties of LiAlH4, confinement [...] Read more.
LiAlH4 is a potential solid-state H2 storage material, where safe and efficient H2 storage is of critical importance for the transition towards a sustainable emission-free economy. To improve the H2 release and storage properties of LiAlH4, confinement in porous media decreases the temperature of H2 release and improves the kinetics, where considerably improved H2 release properties are accompanied by a loss in the total amount of H2 released. The capability of mesoporous carbon black to improve the H2 storage properties of confined LiAlH4 is investigated with temperature-programmed desorption and time-stability measurements using X-ray diffraction and N2 gas adsorption measurements to characterize the composite materials’ composition and structure. Here, we present the capability of commercial carbon black to effectively lower the onset temperature of H2 release to that of near-ambient, ≥295 K. In addition, the confinement in mesoporous carbon black destabilized LiAlH4 to a degree that during ≤14 days in storage, under Ar atmosphere and at ambient temperature, 40% of the theoretically contained H2 was lost due to decomposition. Thus, we present the possibility of destabilizing LiAlH4 to a very high degree and, thus, avoiding the melting step before H2 release at around 440 K using scaffold materials with fine-tuned porosities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition)
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21 pages, 1591 KiB  
Article
Co-Hydroprocessing of Fossil Middle Distillate and Bio-Derived Durene-Rich Heavy Ends under Hydrotreating Conditions
by David Graf, Johannes Waßmuth and Reinhard Rauch
Reactions 2023, 4(3), 531-551; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions4030032 - 21 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1462
Abstract
Methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) and dimethyl ether-to-gasoline (DTG), as industrially approved processes for producing greenhouse gas-neutral gasoline, yield byproducts rich in heavy mono-ring aromatics such as 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (durene). Due to its tendency to crystallize and the overall poor fuel performance, the heavy fuel fraction is [...] Read more.
Methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) and dimethyl ether-to-gasoline (DTG), as industrially approved processes for producing greenhouse gas-neutral gasoline, yield byproducts rich in heavy mono-ring aromatics such as 1,2,4,5-tetramethylbenzene (durene). Due to its tendency to crystallize and the overall poor fuel performance, the heavy fuel fraction is usually further processed using after-treatment units designed for this purpose. This research article discusses the co-hydroprocessing (HP) of bio-derived heavy gasoline (HG) with fossil middle distillate (MD), drawing on available refinery hydrotreaters. Co-HP experiments were conducted in a laboratory-scale fixed bed reactor using an industrial CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, varying the space-time between 0.7 and 4.0 cmCat3 h cmFeed−3 and the reaction temperature between 340 and 390 °C. In addition to the durene conversion, special attention was paid to the octane and cetane numbers (CN) of gasoline and MD, respectively. A six-lump model with ten parameters was developed to predict relevant fuel yields dependent on the process conditions. Under stable catalyst conditions, C10 aromatic conversions of more than 60% were obtained, while the CN remained close to that of pure MD. Harsh process conditions increased the gasoline yield up to 20% at the cost of MD, while the kerosene yield remained almost constant. With an optimized lumping model, fuel yields could be predicted with an R2 of 0.998. In this study, co-HP heavy aromatic-rich MTG/DTG fuels with fossil MD were proven to be a promising process strategy compared to a stand-alone after-treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 2314 KiB  
Article
Kinetic Modeling for the Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of the LOHC γ-Butyrolactone–1,4-Butanediol on a Copper-Zinc Catalyst
by Vincent Gautier, Isabelle Champon, Alban Chappaz and Isabelle Pitault
Reactions 2022, 3(4), 499-515; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3040033 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3563
Abstract
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are an interesting alternative for hydrogen storage as the method is based on the reversibility of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions to produce liquid and safe components at room temperature. As hydrogen storage involves a large amount of hydrogen [...] Read more.
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are an interesting alternative for hydrogen storage as the method is based on the reversibility of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions to produce liquid and safe components at room temperature. As hydrogen storage involves a large amount of hydrogen and pure compounds, the design of a three-phase reactor requires the study of gas and liquid-phase kinetics. The gas-phase hydrogenation kinetics of LOHC γ-butyrolactone/1,4-butanediol on a copper-zinc catalyst are investigated here. The experiments were performed with data, taken from the literature, in the temperature and pressure ranges 200–240 °C and 25–35 bar, respectively, for a H2/γ-butyrolactone molar ratio at the reactor inlet of about 90. The best kinetic law takes into account the thermodynamic chemical equilibrium, is based on the associative hydrogen adsorption and is able to simulate temperature and pressure effects. For this model, the confidence intervals are at most 28% for the pre-exponential factors and 4% for the activation energies. Finally, this model will be included in a larger reactor model in order to evaluate the selectivity of the reactions, which may differ depending on whether the reaction takes place in the liquid or gas phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition)
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Review

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18 pages, 308 KiB  
Review
Use of Biosourced Molecules as Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) and for Circular Storage
by Nelson Alexis Bermudez Aponte and Valérie Meille
Reactions 2024, 5(1), 195-212; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions5010008 - 7 Feb 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2792
Abstract
The use of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) is one of the potential options to store hydrogen. Today, the vast majority of compounds used as LOHC come from the oil industry. Using biosourced LOHC would be a step forward in the development of [...] Read more.
The use of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC) is one of the potential options to store hydrogen. Today, the vast majority of compounds used as LOHC come from the oil industry. Using biosourced LOHC would be a step forward in the development of this CO2-free solution. This article looks at LOHC candidates that can be obtained from biomass. The special case of formic acid and methanol, which do not fall within the definition of LOHC, is also considered. The synthesis of alcohols, polyols, amines, aminoalcohols and N-heterocyclic compounds from biosourced compounds is reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Production and Storage, 2nd Edition)
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