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Reactions, Volume 7, Issue 1

2026 March - 21 articles

Cover Story: Cycloaddition reactions involve complex electron rearrangements that require a detailed topological description beyond purely qualitative interpretations. In this work, Bonding Evolution Theory is consistently reformulated by explicitly incorporating Thom’s catastrophe theory through the evaluation of the Hessian matrix at critical points of the electron localization function and the analysis of their evolution along the reaction coordinate. This approach resolves previous ambiguities caused by incomplete implementations and demonstrates that bond formation and cleavage in cycloadditions are systematically governed by fold-type catastrophes. The resulting framework establishes a predictive connection between electron-density topology, molecular symmetry, and chemical reactivity. View this paper
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Articles (21)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,023 Views
22 Pages

Texturally Modified Zirconia–Tungstophosphoric Acid Catalysts for Efficient Lignocellulosic Pyrolysis

  • Jose L. Buitrago,
  • Leticia Jésica Méndez,
  • Mónica Laura Casella,
  • Juan Antonio Cecilia and ,
  • Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón,
  • Ileana D. Lick and
  • Luis R. Pizzio
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

This work presents the synthesis, characterization, and application of zirconium oxide (ZrO2)-based catalysts, modified with macro (silica nanospheres, NSP-SiO2) and mesopore templates (Pluronic 123), impregnated with tungstophosphoric acid (TPA), in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Biorefinery Technologies for Accelerating Sustainable Energy Processes, 2nd Edition)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,755 Views
33 Pages

Linear alkylbenzene (LAB) is the main raw material used to make biodegradable detergents, and its production process is based on aromatic alkylation. HY zeolites that have undergone controlled dealumination and desilication have led industrial standa...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,133 Views
24 Pages

Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) is a key enzyme involved in olive oil spoilage and acts as a virulence factor in fungal infections. Natural lipophilic lipase inhibitors are crucial for mitigating economic losses resulting from lipid degradation in store...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,054 Views
21 Pages

Obtaining Biodiesel from Soybean Vegetable Oil Using a Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactor

  • Luz Clara Andia-Marron,
  • Jessica Abad-Salcca,
  • Juan Taumaturgo Medina-Collana,
  • Edgar Williams Villanueva-Martinez and ,
  • Jorge Amador López-Herrera,
  • Richard Brandon Guevara-Salcedo,
  • Leonard Ordoñez-Santa Maria,
  • Rodolfo Paz-Salazar,
  • Fredy Andrés Taipe-Castro and
  • Segundo Alberto Vásquez-Llanos
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is an efficient technique for biodiesel production. The main contribution of this study is the development of a modular reactor with a universal stainless steel joint, whose design facilitates the installation, replacemen...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Biorefinery Technologies for Accelerating Sustainable Energy Processes, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,110 Views
10 Pages

Ethanol is widely used as an additive in fuels, so its effect on the electrochemical oxidation of triethanolamine was investigated on a 25 μm platinum microelectrode. Ethyl acetate was applied as a cosolvent to increase the permittivity of the med...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,105 Views
20 Pages

23 February 2026

Magnesium-sulfur (Mg-S) batteries present a compelling energy storage solution, characterised by their remarkable theoretical energy density and economic viability. Nonetheless, challenges arise, including swift capacity degradation and suboptimal po...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,846 Views
17 Pages

Effect of the Dopant and Carbonaceous Support of the Perovskite Type LaNi0.9X0.1O3 (X = Fe, Mn or Pd) on the Performance of Zn–Air Battery

  • Karlo I. Martinez-Soto,
  • Mara Beltrán-Gastélum,
  • Noé Arjona,
  • Sergio Pérez-Sicairos and ,
  • Samgopiraj Velraj,
  • Jiahong Zhu and
  • Moises I. Salazar-Gastélum
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

18 February 2026

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are two processes that occur during the operation of the cathodic electrode in Zn–Air batteries, which enable the integration of alternative energy sources into electrical...

(This article belongs to the Topic Electrocatalytic Advances for Sustainable Energy)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2,109 Views
20 Pages

Roles of Guanidines in Recent Cycloaddition Reactions

  • Petar Štrbac,
  • Davor Margetić and
  • Anamarija Briš

17 February 2026

Guanidines are structurally unique, highly basic, nitrogen-containing organic compounds with strong hydrogen-bonding ability and biological activity, providing valuable functionality in medicinal chemistry, organocatalysis, and materials science. Amo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cycloaddition Reactions at the Beginning of the Third Millennium, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,273 Views
27 Pages

14 February 2026

This study systematically investigates the role of Ni in Co2SiO4 in a bimetallic (Co2+,Ni2+)2SiO4 olivine-type system and the materials’ catalytic efficiency in a model Heck–Mizoroki coupling reaction. Thus, a series of olivines with vary...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1,474 Views
20 Pages

6 February 2026

The cycloaddition reaction is one of the most common reactions in organic chemistry. It has been applied in various fields. Herein, we focus on the application of cycloaddition reactions in investigating biological molecules and materials using magne...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cycloaddition Reactions at the Beginning of the Third Millennium, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,079 Views
25 Pages

2 February 2026

Fumaric acid is one of the most important bio-based chemicals, with applications in the food, feed, polymer, pulp, and pharmaceutical industries. To overcome the limitations of the current petrochemical production process, alternative methods are bei...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Biorefinery Technologies for Accelerating Sustainable Energy Processes, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
985 Views
11 Pages

1 February 2026

Exploring effective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts is essential for advancing solid-state alkaline zinc–air batteries (ZABs). This paper presents the synthesis of silver–manganese dioxide–carbon nanotubes (SMC) ter...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,398 Views
16 Pages

A Quantum Dynamics Simulation of the Adsorption of Water/Oxygen on Perovskite Material

  • Jingyang Wu,
  • Jinniu Miao,
  • Yue Wang,
  • Liqian Zhao and ,
  • Jiaji Liang and
  • Peng Du
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The stability of perovskite materials in humid conditions significantly hinders their practical deployment. This study employed ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations based on the Car–Parrinello approach to elucidate the adsorption mec...

  • Article
  • Open Access
976 Views
10 Pages

In this study, the response surface method (RSM) was used to determine the best reaction conditions for the gas-phase hydrogenation of carbon dioxide on a commercial nickel-based catalyst. The RSM was applied in our previous study to find the optimal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,112 Views
13 Pages

Hydrodeoxygenation of Black Liquor HTL Oil Model Compounds in Supercritical Water

  • Sari Rautiainen,
  • Tyko Viertiö,
  • Niko Vuorio,
  • Felix Hyppönen and ,
  • Luděk Meca,
  • Pavel Kukula and
  • Juha Lehtonen
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Black liquor, the side stream from Kraft pulping, is a promising feedstock for the production of renewable fuels via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). However, further upgrading of the black liquor HTL oil is required to reduce the oxygen content for...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Reactions in 2025)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2,329 Views
33 Pages

The Sakurai reaction constitutes a valuable tool for carbon–carbon bond formation. The use of nontoxic allylic reagents as well as the atom economy of the global process has prompted the development of enantioselective (aza)-variants based on t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Reactions in 2025)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,121 Views
18 Pages

Effect of Acetic Acid on Morphology, Structure, Optical Properties, and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Obtained by Sol–Gel

  • Sofía Estrada-Flores,
  • Tirso E. Flores-Guia,
  • Catalina M. Pérez-Berumen,
  • Luis A. García-Cerda and ,
  • Aurora Robledo-Cabrera,
  • Elsa N. Aguilera-González and
  • Antonia Martínez-Luévanos
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Titanium oxide (TiO2) is of great interest in solar cell manufacturing, hydrogen production, and organic compound photodegradation. The synthesis variables and methodology affect the morphology, texture, crystalline structure, and phase mixtures of T...

  • Review
  • Open Access
3,949 Views
32 Pages

Synthetic Strategies for Nitramines: From Energetic Materials to Atmospheric Byproducts

  • Simen Gjelseth Antonsen,
  • Claus Jørgen Nielsen,
  • Hans Olav Hovtun Palm and
  • Yngve Henning Stenstrøm

Nitramines are nitrogen-containing organic compounds with the formula R1R2N–NO2. They are well-known as explosives and have been produced industrially for more than a century. A few nitramine-containing natural products have also been identifie...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Reactions in 2025)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,561 Views
36 Pages

The Kabachnik–Fields (KF) reaction is a versatile three-component method for the condensation of amines, carbonyl compounds, and P–H reagents, enabling efficient synthesis of α-aminophosphonates—key bioactive and functional mo...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Reactions in 2025)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,903 Views
23 Pages

Experimental Study on the Co-Combustion Characteristics of Brown Gas (HHO) and Bituminous Coal/Anthracite with Different Injection Modes in a One-Dimensional Furnace

  • Kaihong Huo,
  • Yunlong Cai,
  • Yong He,
  • Shiyan Liu and ,
  • Chaoqun Xu,
  • Siyu Liu,
  • Wubin Weng,
  • Yanqun Zhu and
  • Zhihua Wang
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

As the energy structure evolves, low-load operation of coal-fired boilers is becoming common, posing challenges to combustion stability. This study explored the co-combustion of brown gas (HHO) with bituminous coal and anthracite in a one-dimensional...

  • Review
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,583 Views
22 Pages

Topology Meets Reactivity: Rationalizing Electron Rearrangements in Cycloadditions Through Thom’s Polynomials and Bonding Evolution Theory

  • Leandro Ayarde-Henríquez,
  • Cristian J. Guerra,
  • Hans Lenes,
  • Elizabeth Rincón and
  • Eduardo Chamorro

This mini-review discusses recent advances in the rigorous application of Bonding Evolution Theory (BET) to elucidate electron rearrangements in cycloaddition reactions occurring in both ground and electronically excited states. Computational studies...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cycloaddition Reactions at the Beginning of the Third Millennium, 2nd Edition)
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Reactions - ISSN 2624-781X