Modern Machine Learning Applications in Control and Optimization of Energy Power and Storage Systems

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 5072

Special Issue Editors

School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Interests: deep learning; information theoretical learning; renewable energy power; forecast power; state estimation; energy storage management system
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Guest Editor
Department of Instrumental & Electrical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
Interests: energy management for microgrids; optimal PMU placement in distribution systems; distributed optimization
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the global energy landscape continues to evolve, with increasing demands and a growing emphasis on sustainable, renewable, and efficient energy solutions, the need for advanced control and optimization methods becomes increasingly critical in energy power and storage systems. This Special Issue is dedicated to exploring the latest advancements in the application of modern machine learning (ML) techniques for the control and optimization of energy power and storage systems. The advanced ML models, such as deep learning (DL), transfer learning (TL), generative adversarial learning (GAN), ensemble learning (EL), and reinforcement learning (RL), have provided a promising avenue for addressing the complex challenges inherent in energy power and storage systems. These models can possess exceptional capabilities in handling intricate, nonlinear relationships and large datasets, making them an attractive solution for enhancing the efficiency, reliability, and sustainability of power grids, renewable energy integration, energy storage management system, and more.

 This Special Issue, titled “Modern Machine Learning Applications in Control and Optimization of Energy Power and Storage Systems”, seeks high-quality research contributions that focus on the application of modern ML models to the control and optimization of energy power and storage systems. This curated collection of pioneering research aims to deliver valuable insights and innovative solutions, thereby shaping the future of energy power and storage systems through the lens of modern ML techniques.

Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Modern ML models for grid management and control;
  • Forecasting renewable energy generation (solar, wind, etc.) using ML;
  • ML for optimization of renewable energy integration;
  • Use of DL and RL in power system optimization;
  • Energy consumption pattern analysis and prediction;
  • ML-based detection and prevention of cyber-attacks;
  • DL for power system state estimation;
  • DL for distribution network reconfiguration;
  • ML for power big data anomaly detection;
  • ML for energy storage management system optimization and control.

Dr. Wentao Ma
Dr. Tengpeng Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • machine learning models
  • energy power system
  • energy storage management system
  • grid management and control
  • renewable energy integration
  • energy consumption prediction
  • power system state estimation
  • cybersecurity in energy systems
  • sustainable energy solutions

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 2289 KB  
Article
A Short-Term Telephone Traffic Forecasting Method for Power Grid Customer Service via Ensemble Learning Using GRU Model with Correntropy Loss
by Hao Qin, Kaidong Lin, Guangbin Wu and Shijian Zhang
Processes 2026, 14(10), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14101525 - 8 May 2026
Viewed by 168
Abstract
To address the challenges of nonlinearity, strong temporal dependence, and accuracy degradation caused by sudden disturbances in power grid customer service telephone traffic forecasting, this paper proposes a novel forecasting method based on an ensemble model pairing Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with Correntropy [...] Read more.
To address the challenges of nonlinearity, strong temporal dependence, and accuracy degradation caused by sudden disturbances in power grid customer service telephone traffic forecasting, this paper proposes a novel forecasting method based on an ensemble model pairing Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with Correntropy loss (CL) (called EnsCL-GRU). First, to overcome the sensitivity of the traditional Mean Squared Error (MSE) loss to abnormal spikes and its difficulty in capturing the overall trend consistency of the sequence, a CL is introduced as the loss function for the GRU model. This loss function calculates the normalized Correntropy coefficient between the predicted sequence and the true sequence in the time-delay domain, guiding the model to focus on the overall shape matching of the time series data rather than point-wise error fitting. Furthermore, the gated memory mechanism of the GRU can capture long-term dependencies in the time series, while the CL constrains the consistency of the predicted dynamic trends from the sequence level. This preserves the GRU’s temporal modeling capability while enhancing the model’s response accuracy to sudden disturbances and trend changes. Second, to improve the generalization ability of a single GRU model, an ensemble strategy is employed to train multiple CL-enhanced GRU base models serially. By adaptively adjusting sample weights, the fitting capability for difficult samples (such as telephone traffic spikes) is improved, further improving the model’s robustness. Finally, Bayesian optimization is introduced to automatically search for the optimal hyperparameters of the ensemble model, efficiently approximating the global optimal configuration within a limited number of evaluations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional approaches. Specifically, compared with the standard GRU model, the proposed method reduces MAPE from 29.15% to 22.61%. It also consistently outperforms the ensemble baseline EnsGRU, achieving a MAPE reduction of 4.73 percentage points. The results indicate that the proposed model significantly improves forecasting accuracy and robustness, particularly under scenarios with nonlinear fluctuations and sudden disturbances, providing reliable support for optimal resource allocation in power grid customer service systems. Full article
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16 pages, 2438 KB  
Article
Data-Driven Noise-Resilient Method for Wind Farm Reactive Power Optimization
by Zhen Pan, Lijuan Huang, Kaiwen Huang, Guan Bai and Lin Zhou
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3303; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103303 - 15 Oct 2025
Viewed by 666
Abstract
Accurate reactive power optimization in wind farms (WFs) is critical for optimizing operations and ensuring grid stability, yet it faces challenges from noisy, nonlinear, and dynamic Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data. This study proposes an innovative framework, WBS-BiGRU, integrating three novel [...] Read more.
Accurate reactive power optimization in wind farms (WFs) is critical for optimizing operations and ensuring grid stability, yet it faces challenges from noisy, nonlinear, and dynamic Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) data. This study proposes an innovative framework, WBS-BiGRU, integrating three novel components to address these issues. Firstly, the Wavelet-DBSCAN (WDBSCAN) method combines wavelet transform’s time–frequency analysis with density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN)’s density-based clustering to effectively remove noise and outliers from complex WF datasets, leveraging multi-scale features for enhanced adaptability to non-stationary signals. Subsequently, a Boomerang Evolutionary Optimization (BAEO) with the Seasonal Decomposition Improved Process (SDIP) synergistically decomposes time series into trend, seasonal, and residual components, generating diverse candidate solutions to optimize data inputs. Finally, a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) network enhanced with an attention mechanism captures long-term dependencies in temporal data and dynamically focuses on key features, improving reactive power forecasting precision. The WBS-BiGRU framework significantly enhances forecasting accuracy and robustness, offering a reliable solution for WF operation optimization and equipment health management. Full article
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18 pages, 4525 KB  
Article
Coordinated Optimization of Household Air Conditioning and Battery Energy Storage Systems: Implementation and Performance Evaluation
by Alaa Shakir, Jingbang Zhang, Yigang He and Peipei Wang
Processes 2025, 13(3), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13030631 - 23 Feb 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1826
Abstract
Improving user-level energy efficiency is critical for reducing the load on the power grid and addressing the challenges created by tight power balance when operating domestic air conditioning equipment under time-of-use (ToU) pricing. This paper presents a data-driven control method for HVAC (heating, [...] Read more.
Improving user-level energy efficiency is critical for reducing the load on the power grid and addressing the challenges created by tight power balance when operating domestic air conditioning equipment under time-of-use (ToU) pricing. This paper presents a data-driven control method for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems that is based on model predictive control (MPC) and takes ToU electricity pricing into account. To describe building thermal dynamics, a multi-layer neural network is constructed using time-delayed embedding, with the rectified linear unit (ReLU) serving as the activation function for hidden layers. Using this piecewise affine approximation, an optimization model is developed within a receding horizon control framework, integrating the data-driven model and transforming it into a mixed-integer linear programming issue for efficient problem solving. Furthermore, this research suggests a hybrid optimization model for integrating air conditioning systems and battery energy storage systems. By employing a rolling time-domain control method, the proposed model minimizes the frequency of switching between charging and discharging states of the battery energy storage system, improving system reliability and efficiency. An Internet of Things (IoT)-based home energy management system is developed and validated in a real laboratory environment, complemented by a distributed integration solution for the energy management monitoring platform and other essential components. The simulation results and field measurements demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, revealing discernible pre-cooling and pre-charging behaviors prior to peak electricity pricing periods. This cooperative economic operation reduces electricity expenses by 13% compared to standalone operation. Full article
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Review

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38 pages, 13699 KB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Magnetic Coupling Mechanisms, Compensation Networks, and Control Strategies for Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer Systems
by Yanxia Wu, Pengqiang Nie, Zhenlin Wang, Lijuan Wang, Seiji Hashimoto and Takahiro Kawaguchi
Processes 2026, 14(2), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14020287 - 14 Jan 2026
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1618
Abstract
Wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a key enabling technology for the large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), offering enhanced charging flexibility, improved safety, and seamless integration with intelligent transportation and renewable energy infrastructures. This paper presents a comprehensive review and technical [...] Read more.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) has emerged as a key enabling technology for the large-scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), offering enhanced charging flexibility, improved safety, and seamless integration with intelligent transportation and renewable energy infrastructures. This paper presents a comprehensive review and technical synthesis of WPT technologies spanning both near-field and far-field domains, including inductive power transfer (IPT), magnetically coupled resonant WPT (MCR-WPT), capacitive power transfer (CPT), microwave power transfer (MPT), and laser wireless charging (LPT). Particular emphasis is placed on MCR-WPT, the most widely adopted approach for EV wireless charging, for which the coupler structures, resonant compensation networks, power converter architectures, and control strategies are systematically analyzed. The review further identifies that hybrid WPT architectures, adaptive compensation design and wide-coverage coupling mechanisms will be central to enabling high-power, long-distance, and misalignment-resilient wireless charging solutions for next-generation electric transportation systems. Full article
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