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Processes
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Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture
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Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental and Green Processes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 November 2025 | Viewed by 8838

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Pao-Chi Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33306, Taiwan
Interests: crystallization and precipitation; CCUS; preparation of nanostructured lipid carriers; nanoscience and technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world is facing a significant climate crisis, and carbon emissions are a major contributor to it. To mitigate the impact of climate change, it is essential to reduce the amount of carbon emissions from various sources, such as coal-fired power, petroleum, cement production and steel-making plants. This Special Issue “Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture” is a platform that can be used to reduce CO2 emission, focusing on the fundamental chemistry, chemical engineering processes and modern processes, such as absorption, adsorption, capture and utilization and membrane separation; it also includes the development of materials for capture. The technology does not only focus on carbon capture, storage and utilization (CCSU), but also includes the areas of renewable energy, hydrogen and circular economy.

Recently, there has been a number of works showing the effective mitigation and utilization of CO2, including direct air capture (DAC) technologies, enhanced rock weathering (ERW), aqueous amine-based CO2 capture, carbon capture and conversion, cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) and carbon capture using nanotechnology. This Special Issue on “Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture” seeks high-quality works, with topics including, but not limited to:

  • Absorptions with new solvents and performance applications;
  • Membrane separations with higher-performance materials;
  • Adsorptions with high-specific-surface-area materials;
  • Carbon capture and conversion;
  • Renewable energy, hydrogen and circular economy.

Prof. Dr. Pao-Chi Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • capture
  • absorption
  • adsorption
  • renewable energy
  • circular economy

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 6098 KiB  
Article
Simulation and Environmental Sustainability Assessment of an Integrated LNG-Power Cycle-Electrolyzer-Methanol Process for Clean Energy Generation
by Asmae Abousalmia, Laalea Al-Remaihi, Shouq Al-Kaabi, Fatima Jassim and Seckin Karagoz
Processes 2025, 13(5), 1476; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051476 - 12 May 2025
Viewed by 235
Abstract
The growing demand for clean energy and sustainable industrial processes has driven interest in integrated energy systems that optimize resource utilization while minimizing environmental impacts. This study presents the simulation and environmental sustainability assessment of an integrated process combining liquefied natural gas (LNG), [...] Read more.
The growing demand for clean energy and sustainable industrial processes has driven interest in integrated energy systems that optimize resource utilization while minimizing environmental impacts. This study presents the simulation and environmental sustainability assessment of an integrated process combining liquefied natural gas (LNG), Allam–Fetvedt cycle, solid oxide electrolysis’ system, and methanol synthesis to produce clean energy. The proposed system enhances overall efficiency and sustainability by utilizing the Allam–Fetvedt cycle to generate power while capturing CO2, which is then used in the manufacture of syngas and hydrogen by the electrolysis of water and CO2. Syngas is subsequently transformed into methanol, a viable alternative fuel characterized by lowcarbon emissions. A comprehensive process simulation is conducted to evaluate energy efficiency, material flows, and system performance. The sustainability assessment focuses on environmental impact indicators, including carbon footprint reduction, energy efficiency improvements, and resource optimization. The results demonstrate that the integrated system significantly reduces CO2 emissions while maximizing energy recovery, making it a promising approach for decarbonized energy production. In this study, the integrated process including the ASU, power cycle, electrolyzers, methanol production units, and LNG unit results in carbon emissions of 0.29 kg CO2 per kg of LNG produced, which is very close to the literature-reported lower limit, even though it also has methanol production. On the other hand, when the identical process is assessed solely for methanol production (without the LNG unit), it attains net-zero carbon emissions. Despite the incorporation of high-energy electrolyzer systems, the overall energy demand of the proposed integrated process remains comparable to that of existing conventional technologies with high emission outputs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture)
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31 pages, 424 KiB  
Article
Study on Carbon Emission Reduction Strategy of CCUS Technology in Natural Gas Supply Chain Considering Government Subsidies
by Yuguang Chen, Jijun Zhang, Fuping Wang, Jianping Zhang, Wenjian Wu and Hongbing Li
Processes 2025, 13(2), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13020550 - 15 Feb 2025
Viewed by 729
Abstract
Climate change urgently requires reducing carbon emissions in the energy sector. Natural gas is a cleaner fossil fuel and important for the global shift to sustainable energy. However, its supply chain still produces significant carbon emissions. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies [...] Read more.
Climate change urgently requires reducing carbon emissions in the energy sector. Natural gas is a cleaner fossil fuel and important for the global shift to sustainable energy. However, its supply chain still produces significant carbon emissions. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are key to lowering these emissions, but their use is limited by high costs and technical challenges. Despite prior research examining CCUS technologies and government subsidies, few studies have systematically analyzed the differential impacts of various subsidy mechanisms on CCUS adoption in the natural gas supply chain, especially considering consumers’ low-carbon preferences. We compare two types of subsidies: one that helps cover the costs of investing in carbon reduction, and another that reduces the cost of natural gas. Using the Stackelberg game theory model, where the gas supplier leads and the buyer follows, we analyze how these subsidies influence the decisions of both parties, the level of carbon reduction, the amount of natural gas purchased, and their overall profits. Our results show that government subsidies significantly boost carbon reduction, increase natural gas purchases, and enhance profits for both suppliers and buyers compared to no subsidies. Higher subsidies lead to greater carbon reductions and larger market sizes. Specifically, subsidies for carbon reduction investments are more effective in encouraging suppliers to reduce emissions, while subsidies on natural gas costs benefit buyers by increasing their ability to reduce carbon and improve profitability. This research offers important guidance for policymakers in creating effective subsidy programs that promote the adoption of CCUS technologies and support a low-carbon transition in the natural gas supply chain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture)
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21 pages, 1731 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Multi-Factor Correlation Analysis for Prediction of Provincial Carbon Emissions in China’s Bohai Rim Region
by Yanfen Qi, Xiurui Zhang, Jiaan Zhang and Yu Sun
Processes 2024, 12(10), 2207; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12102207 - 10 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 973
Abstract
This study presents a dynamic multi-factor correlation analysis method designed to predict provincial carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) within China’s Bohai Rim region, including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Liaoning. By employing the sliding window technique, dynamic correlation curves are computed between various influencing factors [...] Read more.
This study presents a dynamic multi-factor correlation analysis method designed to predict provincial carbon dioxide emissions (CDE) within China’s Bohai Rim region, including Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, and Liaoning. By employing the sliding window technique, dynamic correlation curves are computed between various influencing factors and CDE at different time intervals, thereby facilitating the identification of key feature attributes. A novel metric, the Consistency Index of Influencing Factors (CIIF), is introduced to evaluate the consistency of these factors across regions. Furthermore, the Accurate Predictive Capability Indicator (APCI) is defined to measure the impact of different feature categories on the prediction accuracy. The findings reveal that models relying on a single influencing factor exhibit limited accuracy, whereas combining multiple factors with diverse correlation features significantly improves the prediction accuracy. This study introduces a refined analytical framework and a comprehensive indicator system for CDE prediction. It enhances the understanding of the complex factors that influence CDE and provides a scientific rationale for implementing effective emission reduction strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture)
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18 pages, 2295 KiB  
Article
Piperazine-Based Mixed Solvents for CO2 Capture in Bubble-Column Scrubbers and Regeneration Heat
by Pao-Chi Chen, Jyun-Hong Jhuang and Zhong-Yi Lin
Processes 2024, 12(10), 2178; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12102178 - 7 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
This work used piperazine (PZ) as a base solvent, blended individually with five amines, which were monoethanolamine (MEA), secondary amines (DIPAs), tertiary amines (TEAs), stereo amines (AMPs), and diethylenetriamine (DETA), to prepare mixed solvents at the desired concentrations as the test solvents. A [...] Read more.
This work used piperazine (PZ) as a base solvent, blended individually with five amines, which were monoethanolamine (MEA), secondary amines (DIPAs), tertiary amines (TEAs), stereo amines (AMPs), and diethylenetriamine (DETA), to prepare mixed solvents at the desired concentrations as the test solvents. A continuous bubble-column scrubber with one stage (1 s) was first used for the test. Six parameters were selected, including the type of mixed solvent (A), the ratio of mixed solvents (B), the solvent feed rate (C), the gas flow rate (D), the concentration of the mixed solvents (E), and the liquid temperature (F), each one having five levels. Using the Taguchi experimental design, only 25 runs were required. The outcome data, such as the absorption efficiency (EF), the absorption rate (RA), the overall mass-transfer coefficient (KGa), and the absorption factor (φ), could be determined under steady-state conditions. The optimal mixed solvents were found to be A1 (PZ + MEA) and A2 (PZ + DIPA). The parameter importance and optimal conditions for EF, RA, KGa, and ϕ were determined separately; the verification of all optimal conditions was successful. This analysis found that the importance of the parameters was D > C > A > E > B > F, and the gas flow rate (D) was the most important factor. Subsequently, multiple-stage scrubbers were used to capture CO2. Comparing 1 s and 3 s (three-stage scrubber), EF, RA, KGa, and φ increased by 33%, 29%, 22%, and 38%, respectively. The desorption tests for the four optimal scrubbed solutions, including multiple stages, showed that the heat of regeneration for the three scrubbers was 3.57–8.93 GJ/t, in the temperature range of 110–130 °C, while A2 was the best solvent. Finally, the heat regeneration mechanism was also discussed in this work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture)
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26 pages, 4366 KiB  
Article
G20 Countries and Sustainable Development: Do They Live up to Their Promises on CO2 Emissions?
by Rafael Freitas Souza, Henrique Camano Rodrigues Cal, Fabiano Guasti Lima, Hamilton Luiz Corrêa, Francisco Lledo Santos and Rodrigo Bruno Zanin
Processes 2024, 12(9), 2023; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12092023 - 19 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1190
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze and measure idiosyncratic differences in CO2 emission trends over time and between the different geographical contexts of the G20 signatory countries and to assess whether these countries are fulfilling their carbon emission reduction commitments, [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to analyze and measure idiosyncratic differences in CO2 emission trends over time and between the different geographical contexts of the G20 signatory countries and to assess whether these countries are fulfilling their carbon emission reduction commitments, as stipulated in the G20 sustainable development agendas. To this end, a multilevel mixed-effects model was used, considering CO2 emissions data from 1950 to 2021 sourced from the World Bank. The research model captured approximately 93.05% of the joint variance in the data and showed (i) a positive relationship between the increase in CO2 emissions and the creation of the G20 [CI90: +0.0080; + 0.1317]; (ii) that every year, CO2 emissions into the atmosphere are increased by an average of 0.0165 [CI95: +0.0009; +0.0321] billion tons by the G20 countries; (iii) that only Germany, France, and the United Kingdom have demonstrated a commitment to CO2 emissions reduction, showing a decreasing rate of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere; and (iv) that there seems to be a mismatch between the speed at which the G20 proposes climate policies and the speed at which these countries emit CO2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture)
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23 pages, 3002 KiB  
Article
Economic and Environmental Optimization of a CCUS Supply Chain in Germany
by Tuan B. H. Nguyen, Husain Y. M. Bahzad and Grazia Leonzio
Processes 2024, 12(8), 1575; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081575 - 27 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1055
Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage supply chain is recently acknowledged as a crucial method to limit global warming. There is a notable desire to optimize supply chains simultaneously with respect to economic and environmental factors, and the development of a mathematical model integrating [...] Read more.
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage supply chain is recently acknowledged as a crucial method to limit global warming. There is a notable desire to optimize supply chains simultaneously with respect to economic and environmental factors, and the development of a mathematical model integrating the life cycle assessment into source-sink matching is missing in the existing literature. The present work means to fill this gap by using a bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming problem. The case study for this research focuses on a real-life scenario in Germany where carbon dioxide is captured from flue gas and transported to be stored or/and used. The total profit and life cycle GHG reduction are maximized. The results show that the profit per unit of sequestered CO2 decreases from 2014 to −€332 as the rate of life cycle GHG reduction increases from −873 to 52 MtCO2eq/year. The findings from the model can provide valuable knowledge that can be utilized in various countries at different levels, such as at regional, state, and national levels. This knowledge can also assist decision-makers in selecting more sustainable solutions when designing carbon capture, utilization, and storage systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture)
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14 pages, 1868 KiB  
Article
Electrolytic Regeneration of Spent Caustic Soda from CO2 Capture Systems
by Hossein Mohammadpour, Almantas Pivrikas, Ka Yu Cheng and Goen Ho
Processes 2024, 12(4), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12040723 - 2 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1905
Abstract
The traditional electrochemical caustic soda recovery system uses the generated pH gradient across the ion exchange membrane for the regeneration of spent alkaline absorbent from CO2 capture. This electrochemical CO2 capture system releases the by-products H2 and O2 at [...] Read more.
The traditional electrochemical caustic soda recovery system uses the generated pH gradient across the ion exchange membrane for the regeneration of spent alkaline absorbent from CO2 capture. This electrochemical CO2 capture system releases the by-products H2 and O2 at the cathode and anode, respectively. Although effective for capturing CO2, the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) limit the energy efficiency of this technique. Hence, this study proposed and validated a hybrid electrochemical cell based on the H2-cycling from the cathode to the anode to eliminate the reliance on anodic oxygen generation. The results show that our lab-scale prototype enabled effective spent caustic soda recovery with an electron utilisation efficiency of 90%, and a relative carbonate/bicarbonate diffusional flux of approximately 40%. The system also enabled the regeneration of spent alkaline absorbent with a minimum electrochemical energy input of 0.19 kWh/kg CO2 at a CO2 recovery rate of 0.7 mol/m2/h, accounting for 30% lower energy demand than a control system without H2-recycling, making this technique a promising alternative to the conventional thermal regeneration technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Modern Carbon-Negative Technologies for CO2 Capture)
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