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Polymers
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Current Novelty of Polymer Based-Composites Used for Dental Applications
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Current Novelty of Polymer Based-Composites Used for Dental Applications

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Composites and Nanocomposites".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2023) | Viewed by 13465

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Simion Bran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: biomaterial; biopolymer; bone regeneration; bone scaffolds; guided tissue regeneration; oral surgery; oral oncology; oral health
Dr. Alexandru Mester

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu", 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: biopolymer; biomaterial; resin based composite; bone augmentation; soft tissue; periodontal disease; oral oncology; oral health; implant dentistry; systemic disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Florin Onisor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: biomaterial; biopolymer; bone regeneration; bone scaffolds; oral surgery; oral oncology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

In the last decades, the development of polymeric based composites has expanded significantly. Current developments are directed towards developing polymers with properties specific for dental specialties like oral and maxillofacial, periodontics, prosthodontics, orthodontics or restorative dentistry. In recent years, polymers are applied for implants, scaffolds, membranes, bone substitute or composites in tissue engineering, bone regeneration, wound healing or drug delivery. These biomedical applications require particular properties from polymeric materials in order to deliver safe and effective outcomes. Following a good understanding of their properties, a wide range of polymers (natural or synthetic) have been created to the desired applications in order to reconstruct and maintain oral and general health of the patients.

This Special Issue would like to outline current novelty in terms of developments and applications of polymers-based composites in dental field. Authors are welcome to submit their work in the form of original articles, communications, narrative reviews, systematic reviews or meta-analysis. We look forward receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Simion Bran
Dr. Alexandru Mester
Dr. Florin Onisor
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biopolymer
  • biocomposite
  • restorative dentistry
  • regenerative therapy
  • tissue regeneration
  • adhesive
  • drug delivery
  • biomedical application
  • in vitro testing
  • clinical trial
  • oral oncology
  • oral health

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2721 KiB  
Article
Comparative Assessment of Different Pre-Treatment Bonding Strategies to Improve the Adhesion of Self-Adhesive Composites to Dentin
by Magali Inglês, Joana Vasconcelos e Cruz, Ana Mano Azul, Mário Polido and António H. S. Delgado
Polymers 2022, 14(19), 3945; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14193945 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2029
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the adhesive interface formed in dentin, using self-adhesive composites applied with different bonding strategies, by testing the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and ultramorphology through the use of light microscopy. Permanent, sound human molars were randomly [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to compare the adhesive interface formed in dentin, using self-adhesive composites applied with different bonding strategies, by testing the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and ultramorphology through the use of light microscopy. Permanent, sound human molars were randomly allocated to six experimental groups. The groups included a negative control group, where only etching was performed via EtchOnly; a positive control group where an adhesive was applied, OptiBondFL (OBFL); and an experimental group where a primer was applied using a co-curing strategy together with a composite (Primer_CoCuring). The samples were sectioned into microspecimens for μTBS (n = 8) and into 1-mm thick slabs for light microscopy using Masson’s trichrome staining protocol (n = 3). The statistical analysis included a two-way ANOVA for μTBS data and Tukey’s HSD was used as a post-hoc test (significance level of 5%; SPSS v. 26.0). The results of the μTBS revealed that the self-adhesive composite (F = 6.0, p < 0.018) and the bonding strategy (F = 444.1, p < 0.001) significantly affected the bond strength to dentin. However, their interactions were not significant (F = 1.2, p = 0.29). Etching dentin with no additional treatment revealed the lowest μTBS (VF_EtchOnly = 2.4 ± 0.8 MPa; CC_EtchOnly = 2.0 ± 0.4 MPa), which was significantly different from using a primer (VF_CoCu = 8.8 ± 0.8 MPa; CC_CoCu = 6.3 ± 1.0 MPa) or using the full adhesive (VF_OptiBondFL = 22.4 ± 0.3 MPa; CC_OptibondFL = 21.2 ± 0.4 MPa). Microscopy images revealed that the experimental Primer_CoCuring was the only group with no collagen fibers exposed to the dentin–composite interface. Overall, the use of a primer, within the limitations of this study, increased the bonding of the self-adhesive composite and provided sufficient infiltration of the collagen based on light-microscopic imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Novelty of Polymer Based-Composites Used for Dental Applications)
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11 pages, 1594 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Various Antimicrobial Agents for Thermoplastic Polymeric Retainers
by Kanket Kiatwarawut, Jintakorn Kuvatanasuchati, Boonyanit Thaweboon and Irin Sirisoontorn
Polymers 2022, 14(18), 3753; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183753 - 8 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2467
Abstract
The thermoplastic retainers indicated a rising incidence of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. A report suggested the case of a patient with severe gingival inflammation and dental caries as a result of inadequate appliance cleaning. This study aims to compare the various [...] Read more.
The thermoplastic retainers indicated a rising incidence of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. A report suggested the case of a patient with severe gingival inflammation and dental caries as a result of inadequate appliance cleaning. This study aims to compare the various antimicrobial agents for thermoplastic polymeric retainers. A minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of acetic acid was determined. Streptococcus mutans biofilm was formed on punched 4-mm copolyester (Essix ACE®) and polyurethane (Vivera®) retainers after they were submerged in 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX group), acetic acid (AA group), Polident Denture Cleanser® (PD group), and Polident Pro Guard & Retainer® (PR group). A crystal violet (CV) test was performed. The biofilm imaging was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that all chemical disinfectants exhibited statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to the positive control. This novel finding elucidated that 0.625% acetic acid is effective for antimicrobial in both copolyester and polyurethane retainers. However, only the CHX, PD, and PR groups could reduce biofilm mass. In addition, the CV assay cannot provide information about the actual number of living and dead bacteria. Furthermore, the LIVE/DEAD BacLight assay was able to show the bacterial viability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Novelty of Polymer Based-Composites Used for Dental Applications)
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11 pages, 4242 KiB  
Article
Oral Microbiome in Orthodontic Acrylic Retainer
by Punnisa Kasibut, Jintakorn Kuvatanasuchati, Boonyanit Thaweboon and Irin Sirisoontorn
Polymers 2022, 14(17), 3583; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14173583 - 30 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2377
Abstract
The oral microbiome can be shifted if the patients wear the acrylic retainers for a lengthy period. It is essential to understand the components of the plaque in order to forestall the development of dental caries and gingivitis. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
The oral microbiome can be shifted if the patients wear the acrylic retainers for a lengthy period. It is essential to understand the components of the plaque in order to forestall the development of dental caries and gingivitis. The aim of this study is to report the bacterial communities that adhere to the acrylic retainers by full-length nanopore 16S sequencing. Six healthy participants were allocated into 2 groups (chemical tablet and brushing groups). Plaque samples were collected from the acrylic retainer surfaces before and after cleaning. The bacterial communities were reported using full-length nanopore 16S sequencing. The results showed that 7 distinct phyla were identified by sequencing. The most prevalent of these was the Firmicutes. We found a total of 72 genera. The most common microorganism across all samples was Streptococcus, followed by Neisseria, Rothia, and Gemella. The beta diversity showed a significant difference between before and after cleaning (p < 0.05). This study revealed the novel finding that a combination of chemical and mechanical cleaning methods was the most effective method of eliminating retainer biofilms. Moreover, retainer cleaning tablets did not alter the homeostatic balance of the bacterial communities adhering to the acrylic retainers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Novelty of Polymer Based-Composites Used for Dental Applications)
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15 pages, 2561 KiB  
Article
Structural Changes in Resin-Based Composites in Saliva of Patients with Leukemia before Starting Chemotherapeutic Regimen
by Alexandru Mester, Marioara Moldovan, Stanca Cuc, Ioan Petean, Ciprian Tomuleasa, Andra Piciu, Cristian Dinu, Simion Bran and Florin Onisor
Polymers 2022, 14(3), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030569 - 31 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2556
Abstract
Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the morphological characteristics and stability of dental composites immersed in saliva collected from patients with leukemia. Material and Methods: A total number of five patients without systemic disease and 20 patients with [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the morphological characteristics and stability of dental composites immersed in saliva collected from patients with leukemia. Material and Methods: A total number of five patients without systemic disease and 20 patients with leukemia (acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)) were included for saliva sampling. Composite disks were immersed in the leukemia, control, and artificial environments for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, atomic force microscopy (AFM), color stability (ΔE), and saliva elements analysis were performed. Statistical significance was considered for a p-value under 0.05. Results: The most changed surface resulted for ALL with a roughness that was almost double that of the untreated sample and was significantly increased compared to the healthy saliva. The effect of CLL was not as intense as observed for acute leukemia, but was significantly over the control. ALL seemed to modify structural components of the saliva, which were able to deteriorate the surface of the composite. ALL saliva promoted a significant dissolution of the initial feature of the samples and promoted nano-particle clusterization. All dental composites showed clinically acceptable color change values (ΔE < 3.3) in all four-leukemia salivas; CLL and CML showed large color differences for all composites. The total concentrations of P, Na, and K showed wide ranges of variations, while the coefficient of variation in Fe, Cu, and Mg showed narrow variations between the salvias’ investigated. The salivary concentration of zinc decreased considerably in the CLL and CML environments compared to the ALL and AML environments. Fe and Cu were significantly increased in the CML environment. Conclusions: Control and artificial salivas have a mild erosive effect on the surface of dental composites. The acute stage of the disease seems to deteriorate the surface roughness rather than its morphology, however, in the chronic stage, it is the surface morphology that mostly deteriorates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Novelty of Polymer Based-Composites Used for Dental Applications)
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Review

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11 pages, 1347 KiB  
Review
Antimicrobial Activity of Various Disinfectants to Clean Thermoplastic Polymeric Appliances in Orthodontics
by Kanket Kiatwarawut, Dinesh Rokaya and Irin Sirisoontorn
Polymers 2022, 14(11), 2256; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112256 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2962
Abstract
There is a lack of research evidence on the risk–benefits of the various disinfectants in cleaning products and cleansing regimens. This systematic review compared the antimicrobial activity of various chemical disinfectants to disinfect the thermoplastic polymeric appliances in orthodontics. The study was carried [...] Read more.
There is a lack of research evidence on the risk–benefits of the various disinfectants in cleaning products and cleansing regimens. This systematic review compared the antimicrobial activity of various chemical disinfectants to disinfect the thermoplastic polymeric appliances in orthodontics. The study was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. An electronic search was conducted on Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Springer. Two authors independently investigated the risk of bias in duplication. A total of 225 articles were collected. After removing duplicates, 221 articles remained, and after filtering their titles and abstracts, 11 articles met eligibility qualifications remained. Finally, nine articles that met the criteria were selected. It showed that both over-the-counter orthodontic appliance cleaners and applied-chemical disinfectants were effective against bacteria. The duration and frequency of usage guidelines cannot be concluded. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Novelty of Polymer Based-Composites Used for Dental Applications)
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