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Plants
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Phytomorphology, Anatomy and Ultrastructure
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Phytomorphology, Anatomy and Ultrastructure

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Development and Morphogenesis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 7591

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Agnieszka Kowalkowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: plant cell ultrastructure; plant cell biology, plant anatomy; secretory tissue: nectaries and osmophores; plant pollination biology; orchids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Edyta Jermakowicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Biology, Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: Orchidaceae; ecological genetics; plant demography; plant morphology; plant pollination biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue explores the various aspects of plant morphology, describing floral and non-floral organs. The comparative examinations of plant structures between species (taxonomy and phylogenetics) indicate the evolution of homologous features, as they came from the same ancestor or convergent as a result of environment pressure (e.g., pollinators). The juxtaposition of macro- and micromorphology with tissue anatomy, histochemistry, ultrastructure, and chemistry between representatives of even different plant genera provides insight into processes and mechanisms. The flower morphology joined with fragrance increases the influence on pollinator visits. 

In this Special Issue, manuscripts (original research papers, perspectives, opinions, reviews, and methods) that focus on plant morphology, especially comparative morphology with other results, at all levels of research, including taxonomy, macro- and micromorphology, plant anatomy, histochemistry, cell ultrastructure, phylogenetics, physiology, chemistry, and pollination biology, are most welcome.

Dr. Agnieszka Kowalkowska
Dr. Edyta Jermakowicz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anatomy
  • cell biology
  • chemistry
  • comparative morphology
  • ecological genetics
  • demography
  • histochemistry
  • macromorphology
  • micromorphology
  • phylogenetics
  • physiology
  • pollination biology
  • pollinators
  • taxonomy
  • ultrastructure

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 9200 KiB  
Article
Morphological Characteristics, Ultrastructure, and Chemical Constituents of the Endotesta in Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.)
by Fangdi Li, Ganping Liu, Linying Zhao, Xiaoge Gao, Zhuolong Shen, Fuliang Cao and Qirong Guo
Plants 2023, 12(20), 3560; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12203560 - 13 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2308
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba L. is a tree species of significant economic and ecological importance. Prior studies of the Ginkgo biloba seed coat have predominantly focused on the sarcotesta and sclerotesta, with less attention paid to the endotesta. In this study, the development and formation [...] Read more.
Ginkgo biloba L. is a tree species of significant economic and ecological importance. Prior studies of the Ginkgo biloba seed coat have predominantly focused on the sarcotesta and sclerotesta, with less attention paid to the endotesta. In this study, the development and formation of Ginkgo endotesta were examined using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The structural properties of the mature endotesta were analyzed using micro-CT imaging and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the endotesta possess a membranous structure primarily originating from the inner bead peridium, a segment of bead core tissue, and the macrospore membrane. The endotesta from the middle constriction line to the chalazal end comprises a single layer with a greyish-white papery structure. In contrast, the endotesta was divided into two inner and two outer layers, from the middle constriction line to the micropylar end. The outer endosperm adheres closely to the sclerotesta, while the inner endosperm adheres to the seed kernel. The surface of the endotesta was irregularly raised, with thicker wax at the chalazal end, whereas the micropylar end demonstrated similar characteristics with thinner wax and tumor layers. The endotesta contained 17 amino acids, 18 fatty acids, 10 trace elements, and 7 vitamins. Overall, its nutritional value was relatively well balanced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytomorphology, Anatomy and Ultrastructure)
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13 pages, 55063 KiB  
Article
Fiber Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Oxytenanthera abyssinica
by Linpeng Yu, Fukuan Dai, Kangjian Zhang, Zehui Jiang, Mingsong Xia, Youhong Wang and Genlin Tian
Plants 2023, 12(16), 2987; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162987 - 18 Aug 2023
Viewed by 835
Abstract
Unlike the culm hollow structure of most bamboo species, Oxytenanthera abyssinica has a unique solid or semi-solid culm, which may endow it with superior mechanical performance. In this study, the variation in fiber morphology and micro-mechanical properties across the radial regions of bamboo [...] Read more.
Unlike the culm hollow structure of most bamboo species, Oxytenanthera abyssinica has a unique solid or semi-solid culm, which may endow it with superior mechanical performance. In this study, the variation in fiber morphology and micro-mechanical properties across the radial regions of bamboo culm was examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation. Results showed that the mean values of vascular bundle frequency and fiber tissue proportion were 1.76 pcs/mm2 and 21.04%, respectively, both of which increased gradually from inner to outer. The mean length, diameter, and length-diameter ratio of the fiber were 2.10 mm, 21.54 μm, and 101.41 respectively. The mean indentation modulus of elasticity (IMOE) and hardness were 21.34 GPa and 545.88 MPa. The IMOE exhibited a significant increase from the inner to the middle region, and little change was observed from the middle to the outer region. There were slight fluctuations in hardness along the radial direction. The mean crystallinity and microfibril angle(MFA) of the fibers was 68.12% and 11.26 degrees, respectively. There is a positive correlation between cellulose crystallinity and the IMOE and hardness, while there is a negative correlation between the MFA and the IMOE and the hardness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytomorphology, Anatomy and Ultrastructure)
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17 pages, 4988 KiB  
Article
Differences in the Functional Traits of Populus pruinosa Leaves in Different Developmental Stages
by Juntuan Zhai, Xiao Zhang, Zhijun Li, Xiaoli Han and Shanhe Zhang
Plants 2023, 12(12), 2262; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122262 - 9 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 873
Abstract
Populus pruinosa Schrenk has the biological characteristics of heteromorphic leaves and is a pioneer species for wind prevention and sand fixation. The functions of heteromorphic leaves at different developmental stages and canopy heights of P. pruinosa are unclear. To clarify how developmental stages [...] Read more.
Populus pruinosa Schrenk has the biological characteristics of heteromorphic leaves and is a pioneer species for wind prevention and sand fixation. The functions of heteromorphic leaves at different developmental stages and canopy heights of P. pruinosa are unclear. To clarify how developmental stages and canopy height affect the functional characteristics of leaves, this study evaluated the morphological anatomical structures and the physiological indicators of leaves at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 m. The relationships of functional traits to the developmental stages and canopy heights of leaves were also analyzed. The results showed that blade length (BL), blade width (BW), leaf area (LA), leaf dry weight (LDW), leaf thickness (LT), palisade tissue thickness (PT), net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), proline (Pro), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased with progressing developmental stages. BL, BW, LA, leaf dry weight, LT, PT, Pn, Gs, Pro, and the contents of MDA, indoleacetic acid, and zeatin riboside had significant positive correlations with canopy heights of leaves and their developmental stages. The morphological structures and physiological characteristics of P. pruinosa leaves showed more evident xeric structural characteristics and higher photosynthetic capacity with increasing canopy height and progressive developmental stages. Resource utilization efficiency and the defense ability against environmental stresses were improved through mutual regulation of each functional trait. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytomorphology, Anatomy and Ultrastructure)
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31 pages, 3973 KiB  
Article
Epipactis bucegensis—A Separate Autogamous Species within the E. helleborine Alliance
by Nora E. Anghelescu, Mihaela Balogh, Lori Balogh, Nicoleta Kigyossy, Mihaela I. Georgescu, Sorina A. Petra, Florin Toma and Adrian G. Peticilă
Plants 2023, 12(9), 1761; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091761 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2745
Abstract
A new species of Epipactis from Bucegi Natural Park ROSCI0013, Southern Carpathians, Central Romania is described. Three medium-sized populations of Epipactis bucegensis (65–70 individuals in total) were discovered in the south-eastern, subalpine area of the park. To properly describe and distinguish the newly [...] Read more.
A new species of Epipactis from Bucegi Natural Park ROSCI0013, Southern Carpathians, Central Romania is described. Three medium-sized populations of Epipactis bucegensis (65–70 individuals in total) were discovered in the south-eastern, subalpine area of the park. To properly describe and distinguish the newly found taxon from other Romanian Epipactis, 37 morphological characters were measured directly from living plants and flowers. Moreover, a detailed taxonomic treatment and description with corresponding colour photos and line drawings illustrations of the holotype are also included. Epipactis bucegensis is an obligate autogamous species that partially resembles Epipactis muelleri, from which it differs in the basal distribution of leaves on the stem (vs. median distribution); near-erect leaf posture (vs. horizontally spread, arched downwards); lanceolate–acuminate, yellowish-green leaves (vs. oval–elongate, vivid-green leaves); bipartite labellum lacking the mesochile (vs. tripartite labellum); crimson-red, wide, ovoid–elongated, flattened hypochile (vs. dark-brown to black roundish hypochile); triangular, white epichile with a sharply tapering apex (vs. heart-shaped, greenish-yellow epichile with obtuse, roundish apex); and two wide-apart, purple, pyramidal calli (vs. two closely placed, attenuated, mildly wrinkled, greenish-yellow calli). Epipactis bucegensis is easily distinguished from all other European Epipactis taxa by the bipartite, wide labellum that lacks the mesochile. In addition, information regarding its distribution (maps), habitat, ecology, phenology and IUCN conservation assessments are provided. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytomorphology, Anatomy and Ultrastructure)
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