Plant-Derived Natural Products: Extraction Methods, Chemistry and Bioactivities

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 4684

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
Interests: natural compounds; essential oils and plant extracts; extraction methods and structure elucidation; factors affecting essential oil yield and composition; biological activities research into natural products; influence of secondary metabolites on ecological interactions; medicinal and aromatic plants; pharmacognosy, phytotherapy and ethnobotany
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural products, regardless of whether broadly or narrowly defined, represent a rich source of therapeutic agents used in both traditional and modern medicine to treat disease or maintain health. Characterized by great chemical diversity and often unique biological activities, these naturally occurring compounds and their structural analogs have made significant contributions to pharmacotherapy.

A growing body of research worldwide highlights the continuing importance of plant-derived metabolites which remain critical to drug discovery and development, providing an abundance of bioactive molecules with diverse properties. In addition, recent scientifically supported evidence has allowed nutraceuticals to emerge as being potentially effective, leading the food industry to become a research-driven sector. However, there is a need for new types of extraction and analytical approaches that open up a wide range of research opportunities.

With a broad scope, this Special Issue welcomes original research papers and review articles on bioactive compounds of plant origin, extraction methods and structure elucidation. The main focus is on various plant extracts and essential oils, including extracts from plant-based food products or even isolated compounds. Of particular interest are new aspects of analysis, chemical characterization and advances in extraction methods, as well as machine learning or artificial intelligence algorithms to study the composition–bioactivity correlation.

Prof. Dr. Rino Ragno
Dr. Mijat Božović
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • natural products
  • plant extracts
  • essential oils
  • nutraceuticals
  • chemical analysis
  • extraction methods
  • bioactivities
  • machine learning

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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27 pages, 865 KB  
Article
Therapeutic Potential of Salvia rosmarinus: Seasonal and Geographical Variation in Phytochemical Composition, Bioactivity, and Synergistic Effects of Rosmarinic Acid with 5-FU
by Mariana Oalđe Pavlović, Milena Milutinović, Ana Alimpić Aradski, Uroš Gašić, Danijela Mišić, Petar D. Marin and Sonja Duletić-Laušević
Plants 2026, 15(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15010001 - 19 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1290
Abstract
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (rosemary) is a medicinal and aromatic plant of notable pharmacological value. This study evaluated the therapeutic properties of rosemary leaves collected from two Serbian continental (L1, L2) and one Montenegrin Mediterranean (L3) locations, harvested in November (N), March (M), and [...] Read more.
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (rosemary) is a medicinal and aromatic plant of notable pharmacological value. This study evaluated the therapeutic properties of rosemary leaves collected from two Serbian continental (L1, L2) and one Montenegrin Mediterranean (L3) locations, harvested in November (N), March (M), and July (J). Extracts prepared with 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and water were analyzed for chemical composition and biological activity. L3 extracts exhibited the highest polyphenolic content, with L3M methanolic extract showing the greatest total phenolic (134.60 mg GAE/g) and phenolic acid levels (211.96 mg CAE/g), and L3M ethanolic extract the highest flavonoid content (25.54 mg QE/g). LC/MS analysis identified 28 previously unreported compounds in Rosmarinus sp. extracts, revealing hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonoid O-glycosides as the main constituents in S. rosmarinus. The alcoholic extracts were rich in 1,8-cineole, camphor, borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and verbenone. L3 extracts demonstrated the strongest antioxidant and enzyme-inhibitory activities, often surpassing positive controls. L3J showed pronounced cytotoxicity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells (IC50 = 13.08 µg/mL after 24 h incubation), while showing non-cytotoxic effects on normal human keratinocytes (IC50 > 500 µg/mL). Finally, rosmarinic acid alone synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of 5-fluorouracil (combination index < 0.8). This comprehensive study highlights the influence of geography, season, and solvent on phytochemical profile and bioactivity of rosemary extracts, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of distinct rosemary populations. Full article
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21 pages, 2074 KB  
Article
Preliminary Analysis of Bilberry NaDES Extracts as Versatile Active Ingredients of Natural Dermocosmetic Products: In Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Hyaluronidase, Anti-Collagenase, and UV Protective Properties
by Milica Martinović, Ivana Nešić, Ana Žugić and Vanja M. Tadić
Plants 2025, 14(15), 2374; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14152374 - 1 Aug 2025
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1609
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits represent the recognized wellspring of bioactive compounds with various documented bioactivities. Although bilberry leaves are often treated as industrial by-products, they also represent a valuable source of phytochemicals with potential dermocosmetic applications. In this study, extracts of [...] Read more.
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits represent the recognized wellspring of bioactive compounds with various documented bioactivities. Although bilberry leaves are often treated as industrial by-products, they also represent a valuable source of phytochemicals with potential dermocosmetic applications. In this study, extracts of bilberry fruits and leaves were prepared using both conventional solvents (water and 50% ethanol) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) as green, biodegradable alternatives. The aim of this study was to examine the UV protective activity and inhibitory potential of those extracts against some enzymes (tyrosinase, hyaluronidase, collagenase) that are important in terms of skin conditioning and skin aging. The results of in vitro tests have shown the superiority of NaDES extracts compared to conventional extracts regarding all tested bioactivities. In addition, bilberry leaves extracts were more potent compared to fruit extracts in all cases. The most potent extract was bilberry leaf extract made with malic acid–glycerol, which exhibited strong anti-tyrosinase (IC50 = 3.52 ± 0.26 mg/mL), anti-hyaluronidase (IC50 = 3.23 ± 0.30 mg/mL), and anti-collagenase (IC50 = 1.84 ± 0.50 mg/mL) activities. The correlation analysis revealed correlation between UV protective and anti-tyrosinase, UV protective and anti-collagenase as well as between anti-hyaluronidase and anti-collagenase activity. UV protection and anti-tyrosinase activity correlated significantly with chlorogenic acid and hyperoside contents in extracts. The extracts with the best activities also demonstrated a good safety profile in a 24 h in vivo study on human volunteers. Full article
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Review

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37 pages, 3289 KB  
Review
Essential Oil of Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl.: Chemistry and Bioactivities
by Mijat Božović, Vanja Tadić, Milan Mladenović and Rino Ragno
Plants 2026, 15(2), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15020317 - 21 Jan 2026
Viewed by 735
Abstract
Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. (Apiaceae) is an orophilous species with notable traditional uses, particularly across the broader Middle East region. Over the past 50 years, research on its essential oil has revealed the existence of several chemotypes. In addition to its chemical composition, [...] Read more.
Prangos ferulacea (L.) Lindl. (Apiaceae) is an orophilous species with notable traditional uses, particularly across the broader Middle East region. Over the past 50 years, research on its essential oil has revealed the existence of several chemotypes. In addition to its chemical composition, there is also data on the biological activities of the essential oil. Among these activities, the most extensively studied are its antimicrobial and, to a lesser extent, antioxidant properties. Recent findings suggest the presence of additional biological effects, including cytotoxic, insecticidal, and phytotoxic effects. This review summarizes current knowledge and provides a foundation for future research, including more in-depth chemical and chemotaxonomic analyses, as well as exploration of the full therapeutic potential of this species. Full article
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