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Photonics
Special Issues
Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications
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Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 16982

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Artur Czerwinski

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Guest Editor
Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Intypeatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
Interests: quantum optics; entanglement; quantum dynamics; open quantum systems; non-Markovian evolution; quantum state tomography; time-bin encoding; phase retrieval; quantum Hamiltonian tomography; tomography; entanglement measures; quantum measurement; decoherence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

State tomography is becoming a crucial component of the quantum engineering toolbox since it facilitates validation and certification of quantum technology. In particular, photons are widely exploited in quantum protocols because information can be encoded by occupying different degrees of freedom, especially: polarization, spectral, spatial, and temporal modes. As a result, there are numerous techniques that can be used to determine the quantum state of light. Therefore, there is a need to shed light on recent developments in the area of photonic state tomography.

For this Special Issue, you are invited to submit manuscripts that provide novel results on photonic state tomography, both theoretical and experimental. We expect papers that present theoretical frameworks formulated on the grounds of mathematical physics. Also, we encourage the submission of feasibility studies that investigate the efficiency of selected models by numerical methods. Finally, we invite experimental papers that fall into a wider scope of quantum optics, but photonic tomography is implemented as a part of the research. In every case, it will be welcome if the contribution involves state tomography of entangled photons.

Dr. Artur Czerwinski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • quantum state tomography
  • photonic tomography
  • quantum information encoding
  • entangled photons
  • numerical methods

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 164 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue on Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications
by Artur Czerwinski
Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121370 - 13 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1087
Abstract
The realm of quantum engineering has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent years [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 649 KiB  
Communication
Optimally Controlled Non-Adiabatic Quantum State Transmission in the Presence of Quantum Noise
by Xiang-Han Liang, Lian-Ao Wu and Zhao-Ming Wang
Photonics 2023, 10(3), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030274 - 5 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1487
Abstract
Pulse-controlled non-adiabatic quantum state transmission (QST) was proposed many years ago. However, in practice environmental noise inevitably damages communication quality in the proposal. In this paper, we study the optimally controlled non-adiabatic QST in the presence of quantum noise. By using the Adam [...] Read more.
Pulse-controlled non-adiabatic quantum state transmission (QST) was proposed many years ago. However, in practice environmental noise inevitably damages communication quality in the proposal. In this paper, we study the optimally controlled non-adiabatic QST in the presence of quantum noise. By using the Adam algorithm, we find that the optimal pulse sequence can dramatically enhance the transmission fidelity of such an open system. In comparison with the idealized pulse sequence in a closed system, it is interesting to note that the improvement of the fidelity obtained by the Adam algorithm can even be better for a bath strongly coupled to the system. Furthermore, we find that the Adam algorithm remains powerful for different numbers of sites and different types of Lindblad operators, showing its universality in performing optimal control of quantum information processing tasks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications)
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14 pages, 705 KiB  
Communication
Quantum State Tomography in Nonequilibrium Environments
by Haonan Chen, Tao Han, Mingli Chen, Jing Ren, Xiangji Cai, Xiangjia Meng and Yonggang Peng
Photonics 2023, 10(2), 134; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020134 - 28 Jan 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2190
Abstract
We generalize an approach to studying the quantum state tomography (QST) of open systems in terms of the dynamical map in Kraus representation within the framework of dynamic generation of informationally complete positive operator-valued measures. As applications, we use the generalized approach to [...] Read more.
We generalize an approach to studying the quantum state tomography (QST) of open systems in terms of the dynamical map in Kraus representation within the framework of dynamic generation of informationally complete positive operator-valued measures. As applications, we use the generalized approach to theoretically study the QST of qubit systems in the presence of nonequilibrium environments which exhibit nonstationary and non-Markovian random telegraph noise statistical properties. We derive the time-dependent measurement operators for the quantum state reconstruction of the single qubit and two-qubit systems in terms of the polarization operator basis. It is shown that the behavior of the time-dependent measurement operators is closely associated with the dynamical map of the qubit systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications)
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46 pages, 7224 KiB  
Article
Fast Quantum State Reconstruction via Accelerated Non-Convex Programming
by Junhyung Lyle Kim, George Kollias, Amir Kalev, Ken X. Wei and Anastasios Kyrillidis
Photonics 2023, 10(2), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020116 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2345
Abstract
We propose a new quantum state reconstruction method that combines ideas from compressed sensing, non-convex optimization, and acceleration methods. The algorithm, called Momentum-Inspired Factored Gradient Descent (MiFGD), extends the applicability of quantum tomography for larger systems. Despite being a non-convex method, MiFGD converges [...] Read more.
We propose a new quantum state reconstruction method that combines ideas from compressed sensing, non-convex optimization, and acceleration methods. The algorithm, called Momentum-Inspired Factored Gradient Descent (MiFGD), extends the applicability of quantum tomography for larger systems. Despite being a non-convex method, MiFGD converges provably close to the true density matrix at an accelerated linear rate asymptotically in the absence of experimental and statistical noise, under common assumptions. With this manuscript, we present the method, prove its convergence property and provide the Frobenius norm bound guarantees with respect to the true density matrix. From a practical point of view, we benchmark the algorithm performance with respect to other existing methods, in both synthetic and real (noisy) experiments, performed on the IBM’s quantum processing unit. We find that the proposed algorithm performs orders of magnitude faster than the state-of-the-art approaches, with similar or better accuracy. In both synthetic and real experiments, we observed accurate and robust reconstruction, despite the presence of experimental and statistical noise in the tomographic data. Finally, we provide a ready-to-use code for state tomography of multi-qubit systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications)
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12 pages, 372 KiB  
Article
Quantum Speed Limit for a Moving Qubit inside a Leaky Cavity
by Maryam Hadipour, Soroush Haseli, Hazhir Dolatkhah, Saeed Haddadi and Artur Czerwinski
Photonics 2022, 9(11), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110875 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3029
Abstract
The quantum speed limit (QSL) is a theoretical lower bound of the time required for a quantum system to evolve from an arbitrary initial state to its orthogonal counterpart. This figure can be used to characterize the dynamics of open quantum systems, including [...] Read more.
The quantum speed limit (QSL) is a theoretical lower bound of the time required for a quantum system to evolve from an arbitrary initial state to its orthogonal counterpart. This figure can be used to characterize the dynamics of open quantum systems, including non-Markovian maps. In this paper, we investigate the QSL time for a model that consists of a single qubit moving inside a leaky cavity. Notably, we show that for both weak and strong coupling regimes, the QSL time increases while we boost the velocity of the qubit inside the leaky cavity. Moreover, it is observed that by increasing the qubit velocity, the speed of the evolution tends to a constant value, and the system becomes more stable. The results provide a better understanding of the dynamics of atom-photon couplings and can be used to enhance the controllability of quantum systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications)
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13 pages, 502 KiB  
Article
Quantum Tomography of Two-Qutrit Werner States
by Haigang Wang and Kan He
Photonics 2022, 9(10), 741; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100741 - 8 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1804
Abstract
In this article, we introduce a framework for two-qutrit Werner states tomography with Gaussian noise. The measurement scheme is based on the symmetric, informationally complete positive operator-valued measure. To make the framework realistic, we impose the Gaussian noise on the measured states numbers. [...] Read more.
In this article, we introduce a framework for two-qutrit Werner states tomography with Gaussian noise. The measurement scheme is based on the symmetric, informationally complete positive operator-valued measure. To make the framework realistic, we impose the Gaussian noise on the measured states numbers. Through numerical simulation, we successfully reconstructed the two-qutrit Werner states in various experimental scenarios and analyzed the optimal scenario from four aspects: fidelity, purity, entanglement, and coherence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications)
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19 pages, 346 KiB  
Article
Statistical Analysis of the Photon Loss in Fiber-Optic Communication
by Artur Czerwinski and Katarzyna Czerwinska
Photonics 2022, 9(8), 568; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9080568 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2960
Abstract
In optical communication systems, photons are lost due to the attenuation of the transmission medium. To efficiently implement quantum information protocols, we need to be able to precisely describe such processes. In this paper, we propose statistical methods to estimate the attenuation coefficient [...] Read more.
In optical communication systems, photons are lost due to the attenuation of the transmission medium. To efficiently implement quantum information protocols, we need to be able to precisely describe such processes. In this paper, we propose statistical methods to estimate the attenuation coefficient of the fiber link. By following the Beer–Lambert law, we utilize the properties of the exponential distribution to estimate the rate parameter based on observable data. In particular, we determine the explicit forms of unbiased estimators that are suitable for censored (truncated) sets of data. Moreover, we focus on minimum-variance methods that ensure a reliable estimation of the attenuation coefficient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photonic State Tomography: Methods and Applications)
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