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Biomedical Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications

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A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 7309

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alexey Seteikin

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Guest Editor

Fundamental and Applied Photonics Department, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevskogo ul., Kaliningrad 236016, Russia
Interests: biomedical optics; Raman spectroscopy; optical spectroscopy (scattering, luminescence, etc.); laser-tissue interaction; nanobiotechnologies; mathematical simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Jae Gwan Kim

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Guest Editor

Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Engineering, 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro, Buk-gu, Dasan Building Rm 418, Gwangju 61005, Jeollanam-do, Korea
Interests: diffuse optical spectroscopy; functional near-infrared spectroscopy; diffuse correlation spectroscopy; optical metabolic spectroscopy; neurodegenerative disease; cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical spectroscopy and sensing play a crucial role in the field of biological research and clinical equipment. Optical spectroscopy is ideal for non-destructive real-time sampling and analysis in the lab or in vivo. In recent years, with the development of medical devices, the need for such tools has grown, and the demand for wearable diagnostic systems and systems with low detection limits has increased.

We are honored to serve as Guest Editors of this Special Issue to be published in Photonics that will contain high-quality papers related to techniques and applications of biomedical spectroscopy We warmly invite researchers to submit their contributions, both original research articles and review papers, to this Special Issue.

Topics include, but are not limited to:

Optical microspectroscopy;
Fluorescence spectroscopy;
Raman spectroscopy;
FTIR spectroscopy;
NMR and EPR spectroscopy;
Mass spectrometry.

Dr. Alexey Seteikin
Dr. Jae Gwan Kim
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

optical microspectroscopy
fluorescence spectroscopy
Raman spectroscopy
FTIR spectroscopy
NMR and EPR spectroscopy
mass spectrometry
diffuse optical spectroscopy
diffuse correlation spectroscopy
functional near-infrared spectroscopy

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 3905 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical Substantiation of the Possibility of Performing Non-Damaging UV Diagnostics of Biological Tissues In Vivo

by Andrey P. Tarasov, Maria E. Shtyflyuk and Dmitry A. Rogatkin

Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1289; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121289 - 22 Nov 2023

Viewed by 588

Abstract

Since UV radiation is capable of causing skin erythema, there is a risk of damage during in vivo UV spectroscopy of skin. In particular, the conventional estimation of radiation dose indicates the impossibility of conducting such studies when using fiber sources to deliver UVA and UVB radiation to the skin due to the rapid accumulation of the minimal erythema dose (MED). Using numerical simulations, we investigated the possibility of achieving MED when exposing the skin to UV light of diagnostic power and forming irradiation spots of different sizes. It has been shown that the conventional approach to calculating the dose as radiant exposure (J/cm²) turns out to be unsuitable in the case of irradiation spots of small area (which is the case when fiber sources are used) since it greatly overestimates the dose. This, in turn, results in a significant underestimation of the permissible duration of the diagnostic procedure. The reason for this is the failure to take into account the diffusion of radiation in biological tissue. We substantiated that for a more correct calculation of the dose taking into account diffusion, it is necessary to estimate the volumetric energy density (J/cm³) in biological tissue. In vivo experiments confirmed that this approach is more correct in determining the time to reach erythema compared to the conventional approach. The calculations showed that the minimum spot area of UVA/UVB irradiation on the skin surface, beyond which the calculation of the dose as radiant exposure does not introduce a significant error, is 1.5–3 mm², which corresponds to diameters of 1.4–2 mm in the case of a round irradiation spot. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications)

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12 pages, 1859 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Studies of Interactions between Beta-Cyfluthrin and BSA Based on Fluorescence Spectrometry and Ultraviolet Degradation

by Xiaoyan Wang, Xuyang Wang, Rendong Ji, Haiyi Bian, Xinyue Guo, Ying He, Huichang Chen and Ahmed N. Abdalla

Photonics 2023, 10(10), 1079; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10101079 - 26 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 787

Abstract

Pesticides play a pivotal role in modern agriculture, but their potential environmental and health impacts necessitate a comprehensive understanding of their interactions with biological molecules. Beta-cyfluthrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is known for its efficiency in pest control. However, its interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA), a crucial transport protein in living organisms, has not been extensively studied. The interaction between beta-cyfluthrin, a prominent synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was comprehensively investigated using fluorescence spectrometry. Furthermore, the influence of ultraviolet (UV) degradation on the interaction parameters was explored, enhancing our understanding of the impact of environmental conditions on this interaction. The Stern–Volmer equation was employed to determine quenching constants, revealing that the fluorescence quenching mechanism primarily involved static quenching. The temperature variations were studied, showing an increase in the binding constant with rising temperature prior to degradation, while post-UV degradation, an inverse correlation between the binding constant and temperature was observed. The thermodynamic parameters were derived through appropriate equations, unveiling the underlying reaction forces. In the absence of degradation, hydrophobic interactions dominated, whereas after UV degradation, interactions shifted to hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. The findings elucidate the nuanced effects of UV degradation on the interaction between beta-cyfluthrin and BSA. This study furnishes critical insights that serve as a scientific foundation for pesticide production and application strategies, accounting for the influence of UV degradation on the intricate interplay between pesticides and BSA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications)

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17 pages, 3819 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Study of the Effects of Medical Dental Laser and Diamond Drill on Dentin Tissue during Dental Restoration Based on Spectral Imaging and Multivariate Analysis of Synchrotron FTIR Microspectroscopy Data

by Pavel Seredin, Dmitry Goloshchapov, Nikita Buylov, Dmitry Nesterov, Vladimir Kashkarov, Yuri Ippolitov, Ivan Ippolitov, Sergey Kuyumchyan and Jitraporn Vongsvivut

Photonics 2023, 10(8), 881; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080881 - 28 Jul 2023

Viewed by 647

Abstract

In our work, the effect of a dental Er:YAG pulsed laser and a diamond cylindrical drill with a turbine handpiece on dentin tissue was studied using spectral imaging. The combination of spectral imaging of FTIR microspectroscopy data and subsequent multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA)) was shown to unambiguously detect visually indistinguishable structural changes occurring in the hard dental tissue (dentin) depending on the method used for their pre-processing, and to classify and differentiate the identified features at the submicron level with high spatial resolution. The detectable spectral transformations indicate that the preparation of dental tissue with a dental laser leads to significant changes in the organic components of dentin, which may affect adhesion. The use of a diamond cylindrical drill with a turbine handpiece is characterized by a larger area (depth) of the altered hard tissue than in the case of a dental laser for dental cavity preparation. The observed redistribution of the phase composition of the inorganic component in the tissue is associated with the emergence of additional phases of weak calcium phosphates, and changes in the organic component with transformations in the secondary structure of proteins. Active use of the proposed integrated approach in the future will clarify the areas of its applicability to the analysis of biological tissues and pathologies in them, which will help in the clinical setting to choose the optimal personalized approach for patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications)

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24 pages, 3584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Terahertz Radiation from High Electron Mobility Avalanche Transit Time Sources Prospective for Biomedical Spectroscopy

by Sahanowaj Khan, Aritra Acharyya, Hiroshi Inokawa, Hiroaki Satoh, Arindam Biswas, Rudra Sankar Dhar, Amit Banerjee and Alexey Y. Seteikin

Photonics 2023, 10(7), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070800 - 10 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1361

Abstract

A Schottky barrier high-electron-mobility avalanche transit time (HEM-ATT) structure is proposed for terahertz (THz) wave generation. The structure is laterally oriented and based on AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG). Trenches are introduced at different positions of the top AlGaN barrier layer for realizing different sheet carrier density profiles at the 2-DEG channel; the resulting devices are equivalent to high–low, low–high and low-high–low quasi-Read structures. The DC, large-signal and noise simulations of the HEM-ATTs were carried out using the Silvaco ATLAS platform, non-sinusoidal-voltage-excited large-signal and double-iterative field-maximum small-signal simulation models, respectively. The breakdown voltages of the devices estimated via simulation were validated by using experimental measurements; they were found to be around 17–18 V. Under large-signal conditions, the series resistance of the device is estimated to be around 20 Ω. The large-signal simulation shows that the HEM-ATT source is capable of delivering nearly 300 mW of continuous-wave peak power with 11% conversion efficiency at 1.0 THz, which is a significant improvement over the achievable THz power output and efficiency from the conventional vertical GaN double-drift region (DDR) IMPATT THz source. The noise performance of the THz source was found to be significantly improved by using the quasi-Read HEM-ATT structures compared to the conventional vertical Schottky barrier IMPATT structure. These devices are compatible with the state-of-the-art medium-scale semiconductor device fabrication processes, with scope for further miniaturization, and may have significant potential for application in compact biomedical spectroscopy systems as THz solid-state sources. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications)

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18 pages, 4341 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Identification of Browning in Human Adipocytes by Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Infrared Spectral Biomarkers, and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) Using FTIR Spectroscopy

by Dong-Hyun Shon, Se-Jun Park, Suk-Jun Yoon, Yang-Hwan Ryu and Yong Ko

Photonics 2023, 10(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010002 - 21 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1683

Abstract

We aimed to identify the browning of white adipocytes using partial least squares regression (PLSR), infrared spectral biomarkers, and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with FTIR spectroscopy instead of molecular biology. PLSR helps distinguish human beige adipocytes treated with norepinephrine and rosiglitazone. When PLSR was based on the selected regions of 3997–3656 and 1618–938 cm⁻¹, PLSR achieved an R² of cross-validation of 88.95, a root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 2.13, and a ratio performance deviation (RPD) of 3.01. Infrared spectral biomarkers [1635 cm⁻¹ (β-sheet amide I), 879–882, 860–3 cm⁻¹ (A-form helix), and 629–38 cm⁻¹ (OH out-of-plane bending)] were identified in human beige adipocytes based on spectral differences between human beige adipocytes and human white adipocytes, principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) cluster vector, U-test, and Fisher’s score per wavenumber. PLS-DA yielded a useful classification of adipocytes and expression distribution of adipogenesis genes in adipocytes. PLSR, infrared spectral biomarkers, and PLS-DA using FTIR spectroscopy are proposed as effective tools for identifying specific biological activities in a limited environment through features that do not require labeling and are relatively inexpensive in terms of time and labor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications)

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Review

Jump to: Research

19 pages, 3433 KiB

Open AccessReview

Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in the Terahertz Spectral Range

by Alexey P. Votintsev, Alexey V. Borisov, Didar R. Makashev, Mariya Y. Stoyanova and Yury V. Kistenev

Photonics 2023, 10(7), 835; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070835 - 19 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1306

Abstract

Infrared laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy provides very high sensitivity of a gas sample analysis when high-power tunable laser radiation sources and resonant photo-acoustic detectors (PADs) are used. In the resonant PAD, the acoustic signal generated by absorbed laser radiation in a measurement chamber is amplified proportionally to a Q-factor of the acoustic resonator. But, compact tunable high-power lasers (with power above 100 mW) still are not widely spread in the terahertz spectral range. One of the ways to achieve an acceptable sensitivity of terahertz photo-acoustic spectroscopy is using PADs with a very high Q-factor. The latter can be achieved using PAD with a quartz tuning fork. The current state in this field is presented in the review. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Spectroscopy: Techniques and Applications)

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