Helicobacter pylori is a class I carcinogen that infects more than 100 million individuals in the United States. Antimicrobial therapy for H. pylori has typically been prescribed empirically rather than based on susceptibility testing. Until recently...
The pandemic outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drastically changed the picture of global healthcare. With the rapid emergence of novel variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that rendered the curren...
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are frequent and represent a significant healthcare burden. ADRs are a potentially avoidable contributor to excess unscheduled hospital admissions, higher morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The objective of this...
This study aimed to systematically review and explore the impact of study methods on the cost of managing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among hospitalized patients to guide policymakers and researchers. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, E...
More than 3 years have passed since the emergence of COVID-19. On 8 May 2023, COVID-19 in Japan was downgraded to Category 5 by the Infectious Disease Control Law. In Japan, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, cases of infection and de...
Although statins have served as the cornerstone for pharmacological lowering of lipid levels in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk reduction, many patients are unable to achieve target doses of statin medication due to side effects o...
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pose a significant threat due to adverse drug reactions, increased healthcare costs, and poor patient outcomes. Antibiotic stewardship programs, includin...
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have emerged as a potent therapeutic option for the management of obesity, demonstrating exceptional efficacy in several large-scale clinical trials. Despite their promising therapeutic outcomes,...
Vancomycin is not appreciably passaged via the colonic membrane to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in persons with an intact gut epithelium due to its large chemical structure. However; hospitalized patients with diarrhea often have a disrupted GI tr...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has infected millions of people, but about 20% of infected individuals do not develop symptoms. COVID-19 is an inflammatory disease that affects a portion of individuals infected with the virus and it i...
Background/Objectives: Several drugs used to treat prostate cancer have been reported to cause cardiovascular adverse events, and this study sought to identify the real-world risk. Methods: This study utilized real-world data from the FAERS to analyz...
Though it is well documented that antidepressants are associated with an increased risk of falls in older adults at the drug class level, the comparative risk between individual antidepressants for fall injury in older adults with depression is unkno...
Prescription drug misuse is a global problem, especially in the United States (US). Clinician involvement is necessary in this crisis, and prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) are a recommended tool for the prevention, recognition, and manag...
Opioid use in women has increased by 300% since 1999, and opioid use disorder among pregnant women has quadrupled. The stigma of substance use disorder is a significant barrier to treatment, especially among women. The purpose of this study was to ex...
Background: The coronavirus pandemic has led to the creation of clinical guidelines by a large number of professional medical communities. However, the quality and methodology of development of Russian clinical guidelines has been little studied. The...
Background: Immuno-oncology has transformed cancer treatment, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like pembrolizumab playing a key role. While highly effective, these therapies can also cause immune-related adverse events. This study examines th...
We examined eligibility criteria from recent oncology clinical trials to see whether real-world data (RWD) from electronic health records (EHRs) could be used to create external control groups for clinical trials. Trials were identified from the Aggr...
Proton-pump inhibitors, PPIs, are widely prescribed and are available over the counter for prolonged reduction of stomach acid production and related disorders. PPIs irreversibly inhibit the hydrogen/potassium ATPase in gastric parietal cells. Recent...
Background: The extensive use of antibiotics has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistance. Understanding the factors behind the attitude of physicians in prescribing antibiotics may be useful to address educational interventions to sen...
COVID-19 pandemic-related pressures on primary care may have driven the inappropriate continuation of antibiotic prescriptions. Yet, prescribing modality (repeat/non-repeat) has not previously been investigated in a pandemic context. With the approva...
Introduction: Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), ciclosporin and tacrolimus, are utilized primarily in organ transplantation and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Since patients depend on these drugs over long periods, they face a potential risk of i...
Ventricular tachycardia poses a significant therapeutic challenge. It can manifest over a spectrum from minimal palpitation symptoms to sudden cardiac death. This makes large-scale trials on the treatment of ventricular tachycardia difficult to perfo...
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of nosocomial diarrhea in the United States. Tigecycline has been proposed as a potential treatment for CDI, though limited clinical data exist to support this practice. The objective of t...
Background: Antibiotic resistance represents a growing concern. A new strategy developed to treat severe infections is represented by ceftazidime/avibactam (CZA/AVI). Despite the promising activities against more pathogens, continuous monitoring is r...
Doxycycline is a semi-synthetic antibiotic in the tetracycline family. The three common subtypes of tetracyclines include naturally occurring, semi-synthetic, and new agents. Each subtype shares specific commonalities but is substantially different i...
Background/Objectives: Despite an improved knowledgebase, effective intervention, and guidelines, many patients with depression do not receive adequate treatment and treatment discontinuation and non-response are common. It was intended to explore th...
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely prescribed medications primarily used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Despite clear therapeutic benefits in appropriate contexts, widespread...
Introduction: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly encompassed under nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a growing global health burden associated with progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcino...
Background: Incretin mimetics, including glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 receptor agonist) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, have been increasingly utilized for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). St...
Background: Identifying patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is often performed in epidemiological studies using electronic health records (EHR), but currently available algorithms have features that limit their generalizability. Methods: We develope...
Opioids are highly effective drugs but need close monitoring to avoid harm to patients. The aim of this study was to analyze how guideline recommendations are met for (i) the avoidance of the concomitant use of anxiolytics, hypnotics, or sedatives; (...
Background: The paediatric use of ophthalmic chloramphenicol in New Zealand (NZ) is relatively high; however, little more is known about its utilisation, including whether this is equitable. This study aimed to describe chloramphenicol utilisation in...
Dalbavancin, a semi-synthetic lipoglycopeptide with an extended half-life that allows for weekly dosing, is currently approved for the treatment of bacterial skin and soft tissue infections caused by susceptible gram-positive organisms. This case rep...
(1) Background: Although Sri Lanka is a developing country and boasts of having a well-established healthcare system along with good healthcare indices, we are still lagging in certain aspects of healthcare. One such aspect is the deficiencies in gui...
The state of knowledge regarding the teratogenic effects of maternal use of medications during pregnancy is constantly evolving and is often uncertain. Timely access to high-quality information may reduce prolonged harmful exposures, decrease the num...
Aims: The aim of this study was to explore the suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) data of five licensed statins in the UK: atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin. A secondary aim was to determine if there are any ass...
Background/Objectives: This systematic review aimed to identify a comprehensive list of potential opioid-related indicators from the published literature to assess prescribing safety in any setting. Methods: Studies that reported prescribing indicato...
Background: Antibiotic resistance presents a global challenge. Community awareness of antibiotic use has not been studied extensively in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to assess public awareness of the appropriate use and indications of antibiotics i...
Background: According to the literature, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) account for 5–10% of hospital admissions and affect 25–30% of hospitalized patients, but no data are available for Gabon. Objectives: To estimate the incidence of ADRs...
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) profile of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs; montelukast and zafirlukast) relative to first-line asthma medications such as short-acting be...
Background: Medication safety in pregnancy, puerperium, and perinatal periods is underexplored because these populations are excluded from clinical trials. EudraVigilance offers post-marketing evidence, but disproportionality analyses focus on isolat...
Herbal medicinal products are increasingly used alongside conventional medicines, raising the risk of potential interactions such as pharmacodynamic drug–herb interactions (PD-DHIs) that can cause serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This rev...
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, analgesic use increased significantly, primarily due to self-medication for symptom relief. In Brazil, metamizole (dipyrone) is widely used despite international restrictions, highlighting the importance of e...
Background/Objectives: Controversy exists over the use of passive reporting systems, especially the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, in risk assessment. One limitation of these systems is that adverse event (AE) reporting rates cannot be calcu...
Late adverse events (LAEs) are an important cause of illness and disability in childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) and increase the risk of mortality. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the frequency and severity of treatment-related...
The exchange of knowledge is fundamental to the progression of health sciences [...]
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the concordance between depression and anxiety case definitions derived from algorithms based on medico-administrative data and structured interviews aligned with the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statist...
Background/objectives: In 9/2020, the United States Food and Drug Administration )FDA( posted a black box warning for all benzodiazepines, addressing their association with serious risks of abuse, addiction, physical dependence, and withdrawal reacti...
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between the time to onset (TTO) of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) and recall bias and to compare it between AEFIs of COVID-19 vaccines reported though the spon...
Background: The validated Screening Tool of Older People’s Prescriptions (STOPP) identifies potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP)—treatments where potential risk outweighs potential benefit. STOPP is particularly important for peopl...
