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Pathogens
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Regulation of Hepatic and Systemic Immune Responses by the Gut...
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Regulation of Hepatic and Systemic Immune Responses by the Gut Microbiome

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunological Responses and Immune Defense Mechanisms".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 3889

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Cristin Constantin Vere

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craova, Romania
Interests: neuroendocrine system; systemic immune response; liver; gut microbiota; neuro-immune-modulation
Prof. Dr. Costin Teodor Streba

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Research Methodology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200533 Craova, Romania
Interests: artificial neural network; medical image analysis; biomedical image processing; medical image processing; biomedical image technologies; pulmonology; lung disease; gastroenterology; liver; pancreas; histology; computerized morphometry; microscopic image analysis; computer-assisted image analysis; cell image analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

All information related to the gut microbiota presently shows an active, complex, and diverse microenvironment that deeply affects the rest of the human body. This veritable “consortium of microorganisms” as it has recently been called affects both the digestive tract as well as the whole metabolism and immune system. As the liver plays an important role in the immunological defense system, interaction with the gut microbiome may prove to be a valuable tool to modulate and improve the response to disease, providing both insight on the pathophysiology of various conditions, as well as giving birth to a novel arsenal of therapeutic measures. Neuroendocrine pathways and neuromodulators also play a definitive role in the gut–immune axis, and researchers in this field are providing a constant stream of important data.

We kindly invite you all to contribute both original research as well as comprehensive literature updates to this important topic.

Prof. Dr. Cristin Constantin Vere
Prof. Dr. Costin Teodor Streba
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • liver
  • immune response
  • neuroendocrine system
  • immune modulation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 5439 KiB  
Article
Effect of Artificial Liver Support Systems on Gut Microbiota in Patients with HBV-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure
by Zhiying Song, Qiong Xie, Yao Zhou, Shufen Song, Zhen Gao, Yu Lan, Zhiguo Wu, Hongxin Cai, Dongshan Yu, Cuiyun Liu, Junrong Liang, Baogang Xie and Shuilin Sun
Pathogens 2023, 12(9), 1094; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091094 - 28 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1282
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a rare and severe form of end-stage liver disease with high mortality; gut microbes are strongly associated with the development of this severe liver disease but the exact association is unclear. Artificial liver support systems [...] Read more.
Hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is a rare and severe form of end-stage liver disease with high mortality; gut microbes are strongly associated with the development of this severe liver disease but the exact association is unclear. Artificial liver support systems (ALSS) are clinically important in prolonging the waiting time for liver transplantation and in aiding drug therapy to achieve remission. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ALSS on the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in the gut of HBV-ACLF patients. In this study, 109 stool samples were collected from patients with hepatitis B virus-associated acute chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) for 16S rRNA sequencing. Among them, 44 samples were from patients treated with ALSS therapy as an adjunct to standard medical treatment (SMT) and 65 were from patients receiving SMT only. Analysis of the sequencing results suggested that there were significant differences in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota between the with-ALSS and without-ALSS groups (p < 0.05). The operational taxonomic units and Shannon indexes indicated that the diversity and abundance of the gut microbiome, while decreasing after the first ALSS treatment, gradually increased after an increase in the number of ALSS therapies. The overall proportion of HBV-ACLF patients with coinfection was 27.59%; the coinfection can reduce the abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum in the microbiome significantly whereas Proteobacteria were highly enriched. After ALSS therapy, HBV-ACLF patients had a decrease in potentially harmful bacteria, an increase in potentially beneficial bacteria, an increase in the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, and the intestinal microecological disorders were corrected to a certain extent. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels, as well as the international normalized ratio (INR), showed a decreasing trend whereas plasminogen activity (PTA) increased and the condition of patients with HBV-ACLF progressed in a favorable direction. In addition, the abundance of Blautia and Coprococcus was negatively correlated with TBIL and INR, positively correlated with PTA, and positively correlated with disease recovery. Our study shows that ALSS can alter the composition of the gut microbiota and have an ameliorating effect on the gut microecological imbalance in HBV-ACLF patients. It is worth mentioning that Blautia and Coprococcus may have great potential as biomarkers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Hepatic and Systemic Immune Responses by the Gut Microbiome)
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Review

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22 pages, 1336 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in Liver Disease
by Nicholas Shalaby, Dorit Samocha-Bonet, Nadeem O. Kaakoush and Mark Danta
Pathogens 2023, 12(9), 1087; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091087 - 27 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2090
Abstract
Liver disease is a major global health problem leading to approximately two million deaths a year. This is the consequence of a number of aetiologies, including alcohol-related, metabolic-related, viral infection, cholestatic and immune disease, leading to fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis. No specific registered [...] Read more.
Liver disease is a major global health problem leading to approximately two million deaths a year. This is the consequence of a number of aetiologies, including alcohol-related, metabolic-related, viral infection, cholestatic and immune disease, leading to fibrosis and, eventually, cirrhosis. No specific registered antifibrotic therapies exist to reverse liver injury, so current treatment aims at managing the underlying factors to mitigate the development of liver disease. There are bidirectional feedback loops between the liver and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract via the portal venous and biliary systems, which are mediated by microbial metabolites, specifically short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. The interaction between the liver and the gastrointestinal microbiome has the potential to provide a novel therapeutic modality to mitigate the progression of liver disease and its complications. This review will outline our understanding of hepatic fibrosis, liver disease, and its connection to the microbiome, which may identify potential therapeutic targets or strategies to mitigate liver disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Hepatic and Systemic Immune Responses by the Gut Microbiome)
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