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Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Humans and Animals: Epidemiology,...
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Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prevention—2nd Edition

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 2424

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jelena Prpić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: virology; HEV; neglected and emerging viruses; zoonosis; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Magdalena Baymakova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: аntibiotic use among children and adults; vector-borne and zoonotic diseases; zoonoses and public health; fever of unknown origin (FUO); medical parasitology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the topic of zoonotic infections has become increasingly relevant and important. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic infection. The main reservoirs of HEV are wild boars and domestic pigs. In addition, this infection has been found in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and other species. In humans, HEV most commonly affects immunocompromised individuals (HIV-positive persons, oncology patients, transplanted persons, etc.). It is also known from the scientific literature that the main transmission mechanisms of HEV are contaminated drinking water (in developing countries) and the consumption of poorly thermally processed pork meat and pork products (in developed countries).

Authors are invited to submit reviews, original articles, short communications, and case reports.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • HEV in humans—serological evidence and molecular analysis among immunocompromised individuals (HIV-positive persons, oncology patients, transplanted persons, etc.);
  • HEV in humans—clinical characteristics, prevention, and treatment among immunocompromised individuals (HIV-positive persons, oncology patients, transplanted persons, etc.);
  • HEV in blood donors—seroprevalence and molecular analysis;
  • HEV in the general population—serological evidence and molecular analysis;
  • HEV in wild boars—seroprevalence and molecular analysis;
  • HEV in domestic pigs and industrial swine—serological evidence and molecular analysis;
  • HEV in dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, and other species—serological evidence and molecular analysis;
  • HEV in food and food products—molecular analysis.

Dr. Jelena Prpić
Dr. Magdalena Baymakova
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • seroprevalence
  • molecular analysis
  • clinical characteristics
  • prevention
  • treatment

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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19 pages, 1401 KB  
Review
Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Brazil: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological Features
by Carolline Araujo Mariz, Lílian Rose Maia Gomes de Araújo and Edmundo Pessoa Lopes
Pathogens 2025, 14(9), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14090895 - 5 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Introduction: Although Brazil includes industrialized regions, such as the Southeast, it also has underdeveloped areas with poor sanitation, such as the North and Northeast, resembling regions in Africa and Asia where HEV is endemic. In Brazil, HEV is suspected to occur mainly as [...] Read more.
Introduction: Although Brazil includes industrialized regions, such as the Southeast, it also has underdeveloped areas with poor sanitation, such as the North and Northeast, resembling regions in Africa and Asia where HEV is endemic. In Brazil, HEV is suspected to occur mainly as a zoonosis. Given the wide variation in HEV prevalence across the five regions, a scoping review was conducted to systematically evaluate its prevalence and circulating genotypes. Aim: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HEV in Brazil, including modes of transmission, by reviewing genotyping studies in humans and swine. Methods: This scoping review followed the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Gray literature was retrieved from Google Scholar, the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, and the Thesis and Dissertation Catalog of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel. Searches were performed in June and July 2025 in MEDLINE and LILACS. The evidence on HEV epidemiology in Brazil was mapped using the Population, Concept, and Context strategy. Results: Among 57 studies on HEV prevalence in Brazil, 45 (78.9%) involved humans and 12 (21.1%) involved swine. IgG prevalence ranged from 0.5% in the North to 59.4% in the South. IgM prevalence was lowest in the Northeast (0.1%) and highest in the North (16.3%). In swine, HEV was detected in all regions, with variation in sample types, husbandry practices, and prevalence. Genotyping revealed exclusively HEV-3 in all regions where analysis was performed. Conclusions: HEV infection is present throughout Brazil, with higher prevalence in the South and Southeast. The circulating genotype is HEV-3, and transmission is likely linked to swine breeding and consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prevention—2nd Edition)
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26 pages, 2715 KB  
Systematic Review
Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection in the Context of the One Health Approach: A Systematic Review
by Sophie Deli Tene, Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara, Sarbanding Sané and Seynabou Coundoul
Pathogens 2025, 14(7), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070704 - 16 Jul 2025
Viewed by 997
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a pathogen that has caused various epidemics and sporadic localized cases. It is considered to be a public health problem worldwide. HEV is a small RNA virus with a significant genetic diversity, a broad host range, and a [...] Read more.
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a pathogen that has caused various epidemics and sporadic localized cases. It is considered to be a public health problem worldwide. HEV is a small RNA virus with a significant genetic diversity, a broad host range, and a heterogeneous geographical distribution. HEV is mainly transmitted via the faecal–oral route. However, some animals are considered to be natural or potential reservoirs of HEV, thus elucidating the zoonotic route of transmission via the environment through contact with these animals or consumption of their by-products. Other routes of human-to-human transmission are not negligible. The various human–animal–environment entities, taken under one health approach, show the circulation and involvement of the different species (mainly Paslahepevirus balayani and Rocahepevirus ratti) and genotypes in the spreading of HEV infection. Regarding P. balayani, eight genotypes have been described, of which five genotypes (HEV-1 to 4 and HEV-7) are known to infect humans, while six have been reported to infect animals (HEV-3 to HEV-8). Furthermore, the C1 genotype of the rat HEV strain (HEV-C1) is known to be more frequently involved in human infections than the HEV-C2 genotype, which is known to infect mainly ferrets and minks. Contamination can occur during run-off, flooding, and poor sanitation, resulting in all of these genotypes being disseminated in the environment, contaminating both humans and animals. This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO 2025 CRD420251071192. This research highlights the importance of investigating the transmission routes and major circulating HEV genotypes in order to adopt a holistic approach for controlling its emergence and preventing future outbreaks. In addition, this article outlines the knowledge of HEV in Africa, underlining the absence of large-scale studies at the environmental, human, and animal levels, which could improve HEV surveillance on the continent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection Among Humans and Animals: Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Prevention—2nd Edition)
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