Immunopathogenesis of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 1329

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Interests: influenza virus; respiratory syncytial virus; viral pathogenesis; monocytes; macrophages; lymphocytes
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Host leukocytes provide defense against influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Such cells are not the desired targets of the viruses, but they may become infected during the development and exercise of their immune response. Both monocytes–macrophages and lymphocytes can become infected by both influenza and RSV, potentially affecting their responses and the outcomes of the infection. This Special Issue of Pathogens seeks the submission of reports of original scientific studies and pertinent reviews regarding the immunopathogenesis of these respiratory viral infections, especially submissions addressing the infection of leukocytes by these viruses during the immune response, and the role of such events in the pathogenesis of the infection.

Dr. Norbert J. Roberts, Jr.
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • influenza virus
  • respiratory syncytial virus
  • viral pathogenesis
  • monocytes–macrophages
  • lymphocytes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2794 KiB  
Article
Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A/H5Nx Viruses in Avian and Murine Models
by Sara H. Mahmoud, Marwa S. Khattab, Nahed Yehia, Ali Zanaty, Abd El Sattar Arafa and Ahmed A. Khalil
Pathogens 2025, 14(2), 149; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14020149 - 4 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1004
Abstract
The evolution and adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose ongoing challenges for animal and public health. We investigated the pathogenic characteristics of the newly emerged H5N1/2022 and H5N8/2022 of clade 2.3.4.4b compared to the previously circulating H5N1/2016 of clade 2.2.1.2 [...] Read more.
The evolution and adaptation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses pose ongoing challenges for animal and public health. We investigated the pathogenic characteristics of the newly emerged H5N1/2022 and H5N8/2022 of clade 2.3.4.4b compared to the previously circulating H5N1/2016 of clade 2.2.1.2 in Egypt using both avian and murine models. All strains demonstrated a 100% mortality in chickens after intranasal inoculation (106 EID50), while the H5N8/2022 strain showing significantly higher viral shedding (8.34 ± 0.55 log10 EID50). Contact transmission rates varied between strains (50% for the 2.3.4.4b clade and 100% for the 2.2.1.2 clade). In the mouse model, H5N1/2016 infection resulted in an 80% mortality rate with significant weight loss and virus replication in organs. In contrast, H5N8/2022 and H5N1/2022 had 60% and 40% mortality rates, respectively. An histopathological analysis revealed pronounced lesions in the tissues of the infected mice, with the most severe lesions found in the H5N1/2016 group. These findings suggest the decreased pathogenicity of the newer H5Nx strains in mammalian models, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and adaptive control strategies. Full article
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