Airborne Transmission of Pathogens

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 779

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Scientific Department Mycology and Aerobiology, Sciensano, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
Interests: indoor air; medical mycology; infectious diseases; surveillance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aerosol exposure occurs when pathogenic agents contained in aerosol droplets are passed from one animal or human to another, from animal to human, or from human to animal. To be infectious, pathogenic agents must survive for sufficient periods of time within their environment, i.e., the aerosol droplets. Proximity of infected and susceptible animals/humans is required for disease exposure. Ventilation of the room where animals/humans live or other mitigation measures (e.g., distance between emitter and receptor, biosecurity measures) are also factors to be considered in experimental (e.g., laboratory or facility) or field conditions (e.g., meeting room, bus, flight, farms). In certain conditions, droplets containing disease agents can pass through the air and are inhaled. Airborne transmission is effective for a variety of diseases depending on the species (e.g., foot-and-month disease, anthrax, Q fever, tuberculosis, aspergillosis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, pasteurellosis, human influenza, SARS-CoV-2, avian influenza, swine influenza, equine influenza, calicivirus), and several are zoonoses. Moreover, certain pathogens share antimicrobial resistance genes. This Special Issue is a perfect example of the use of the One Health approach to better understand airborne transmission.

I would like to invite colleagues investigating any of the pathogenic agents transmitted by airborne within the areas of their sampling detection (especially live pathogens), ecology, epidemiology, risk analysis, modelling, and mitigation measures, including individual protective equipment, to submit their manuscripts to this Special Issue in the form of original research and reviews.

Prof. Dr. Claude Saegerman
Dr. Ann Packeu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • pathogen
  • transmission route
  • airborne
  • animal
  • human
  • One Health
  • sampling
  • modelling
  • risk assessment
  • biosecurity
  • mitigation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1078 KiB  
Article
Aerostability of Sin Nombre Virus Aerosol Related to Near-Field Transmission
by Elizabeth A. Klug, Danielle N. Rivera, Vicki L. Herrera, Ashley R. Ravnholdt, Daniel N. Ackerman, Yangsheng Yu, Chunyan Ye, Steven B. Bradfute, St. Patrick Reid and Joshua L. Santarpia
Pathogens 2025, 14(8), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080750 - 30 Jul 2025
Viewed by 301
Abstract
Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the main causative agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in North America. SNV is transmitted via environmental biological aerosols (bioaerosols) produced by infected deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). It is similar to other viruses that have environmental [...] Read more.
Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is the main causative agent of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in North America. SNV is transmitted via environmental biological aerosols (bioaerosols) produced by infected deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). It is similar to other viruses that have environmental transmission routes rather than a person-to-person transmission route, such as avian influenza (e.g., H5N1) and Lassa fever. Despite the lack of person-to-person transmission, these viruses cause a significant public health and economic burden. However, due to the lack of targeted pharmaceutical preventatives and therapeutics, the recommended approach to prevent SNV infections is to avoid locations that have a combination of low foot traffic, receive minimal natural sunlight, and where P. maniculatus may be found nesting. Consequently, gaining insight into the SNV bioaerosol decay profile is fundamental to the prevention of SNV infections. The Biological Aerosol Reaction Chamber (Bio-ARC) is a flow-through system designed to rapidly expose bioaerosols to environmental conditions (ozone, simulated solar radiation (SSR), humidity, and other gas phase species at stable temperatures) and determine the sensitivity of those particles to simulated ambient conditions. Using this system, we examined the bioaerosol stability of SNV. The virus was found to be susceptible to both simulated solar radiation and ozone under the tested conditions. Comparisons of decay between the virus aerosolized in residual media and in a mouse bedding matrix showed similar results. This study indicates that SNV aerosol particles are susceptible to inactivation by solar radiation and ozone, both of which could be implemented as effective control measures to prevent disease in locations where SNV is endemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Airborne Transmission of Pathogens)
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