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Pathogens
Special Issues
Current Progress on Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance
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Current Progress on Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 3006

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Valentina Virginia Ebani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
2. Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: antibacterial activity; zoonosis; bacterial infectious diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a current and relevant threat worldwide, affecting humans as well as livestock, pets, and wildlife. The spread of resistant bacterial strains compromises the effectiveness of previously effective antibiotics, making several common infections difficult to treat.

It has been estimated that AMR could become the leading global cause of death by 2050; therefore, control measures must be implemented. Monitoring the bacteria characterized by old and new antimicrobial resistance is pivotal to understanding the epidemiological situation in humans and animals in relation to different environments and geographical areas, in order to set up appropriate preventive measures.

This Special Issue aims to collect significant contributions regarding the factors that contribute to the emergence, dissemination, management, and control of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Studies on the molecular mechanisms, clinical implications, and epidemiological dimensions of AMR are welcome.

We invite the researchers to contribute through research articles, reviews, short communications, and case reports.

Dr. Valentina Virginia Ebani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • animals
  • humans
  • environments
  • epidemiology
  • molecular mechanisms of resistance
  • clinical implications
  • One Health
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • bacteria

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1186 KB  
Article
Determination of Phylogroups, Pathotypes and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of E. coli Isolates from Freshwater and Wastewater in the City of Panama
by Gabriela A. Rodríguez Guevara, Emmanuel Michelangelli, Juan R. Medina-Sánchez, Fermín Mejía-Meléndez, Carmen Indira Espino, José E. Moreno P., Alex O. Martínez Torres and Jordi Querol-Audí
Pathogens 2025, 14(7), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14070617 - 20 Jun 2025
Viewed by 878
Abstract
Untreated water bodies are critical ecological niches where environmental conditions can drive the adaptive evolution of bacterial populations, enabling them to acquire new traits such as antibiotic-resistance genes. Escherichia coli is typically a commensal bacterium but can evolve into a pathogenic form, known [...] Read more.
Untreated water bodies are critical ecological niches where environmental conditions can drive the adaptive evolution of bacterial populations, enabling them to acquire new traits such as antibiotic-resistance genes. Escherichia coli is typically a commensal bacterium but can evolve into a pathogenic form, known as Diarrheagenic E. coli, responsible for both intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This study focuses on the characterization of E. coli isolates from water samples collected from the Matasnillo River and the influence of the Juan Díaz Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). While isolates from the Matasnillo River were classified as commensal, 18% of the isolates from the WWTP belonged to either phylogroups D or B2. Pathotype analysis revealed the presence of Entero-Toxigenic and Entero-Hemorrhagic E. coli in the WWTP. Moreover, Matasnillo River isolates exhibited resistance mainly to the quinolone ciprofloxacin, whereas those from the WWTP influent showed resistance to multiple broad-spectrum antibiotics. Sequencing analysis revealed the prevalence of the transmissible quinolone resistance qnrB19 among the Matasnillo River isolates and mutations conferring resistance to quinolone in gyrA, parC, and parE. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacterial contamination in both freshwater and wastewater to mitigate the risk of the spread of resistant pathogens and potential epidemic outbreaks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Progress on Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance)
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16 pages, 493 KB  
Article
Enterococcus faecium as an Emerging Pathogen: Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Strains
by Adele Lombardi, Giancarlo Ripabelli, Michela Lucia Sammarco and Manuela Tamburro
Pathogens 2025, 14(5), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050483 - 15 May 2025
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium represents an emerging threat in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to investigate biomolecular characteristics of 31 E. faecium isolates from patients in two hospitals of Molise region, central Italy. Particularly, antimicrobial resistance profiles and prevalence of resistance [...] Read more.
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium represents an emerging threat in healthcare settings. The aim of this study was to investigate biomolecular characteristics of 31 E. faecium isolates from patients in two hospitals of Molise region, central Italy. Particularly, antimicrobial resistance profiles and prevalence of resistance and virulence genes were analyzed, as well as the clonal relationships and sequence types (STs). Antimicrobial susceptibility and genes associated with resistance and virulence were evaluated using automated system and PCR assays, respectively. SmaI-based pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing were performed following standardized protocols. All strains exhibited resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin, and high rates were detected for other antibiotics, except for linezolid. PFGE identified 18 clusters and 26 pulsotypes (Simpson’s index, 0.98). ST80, ST1478, and ST2164 were identified, with ST80 as the most frequent (77.4%). The resistance genes vanA, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa, and ermB were detected in 90.3%, 93.6%, 93.6%, and 90.3% of the strains, respectively, while the esp gene was prevalent (61.3%) amongst virulence genes. The study findings highlight the predominance of multidrug-resistant clones and virulence determinants among E. faecium strains circulating in the regional hospitals, reinforcing the urgency of implementing targeted molecular surveillance and robust antimicrobial stewardship strategies to contain their spread. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Progress on Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance)
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12 pages, 228 KB  
Article
Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Selected Antibiotics Against Trueperella pyogenes Originated from Bovine Clinical Endometritis
by Ottó Szenci, Ákos Jerzsele, Zoltán Somogyi, Ádám Kerek, Attila Répási, Lea Lénárt and László Makrai
Pathogens 2025, 14(5), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14050405 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 701
Abstract
Bacteriological examination of uterine secretions provides essential information for the prevalence of bovine uterine pathogens and their influence on fertility. The objective of the present study was to determine the uterine pathogens in cases of clinical endometritis in two Holstein-Friesian dairy farms between [...] Read more.
Bacteriological examination of uterine secretions provides essential information for the prevalence of bovine uterine pathogens and their influence on fertility. The objective of the present study was to determine the uterine pathogens in cases of clinical endometritis in two Holstein-Friesian dairy farms between 21 and 27 days after calving and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 14 antimicrobials for Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes). Overall, the prevalence of T. pyogenes (Farms A and B) was 46.3% and 22% (p < 0.01), respectively. In contrast, Farm B had significantly more cases (p < 0.001) of Escherichia coli, but the distribution of uterine pathogens was similar. Regarding the prevalence of any bacteria, Farm B also had significantly more bacteria (p < 0.001) than Farm A. T. pyogenes isolates were highly susceptible to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tylosin, and cephalosporins, such as ceftiofur, cefquinome, and cephalexin with MIC90 of ≤2 μg/mL. At the same time, MIC90 of tulathromycin, lincomycin, and florfenicol were between 4 and 8 μg/mL and of doxycycline, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline, and gentamicin, were between 16 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim showed the highest MIC90 (>32 μg/mL). In summary, T. pyogenes with high MIC90 against oxytetracycline, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were found, which calls attention to the prudent use of antibiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Progress on Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance)
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