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Pathogens
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Emerging Arboviruses: Epidemiology, Control, and Future Directions
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Emerging Arboviruses: Epidemiology, Control, and Future Directions

A Special Issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817) belonging to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 4072

Editor

Prof. Dr. Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

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Guest Editor
1. Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira 660003, Risaralda, Colombia
2. Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima 4861, Peru
Interests: dengue; avian influenza; Mpox; COVID-19; yellow fever; emerging diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging arboviruses pose a growing threat to global public health, as their geographic range and incidence are expanding rapidly due to climate change, urbanization, and increased human mobility. In recent years, viruses such as Zika, chikungunya, dengue, Oropouche, and yellow fever have re-emerged or spread into new regions, highlighting the urgent need for improved surveillance, prevention, and response strategies. This Special Issue, “Emerging Arboviruses: Epidemiology, Control and Future Directions”, brings together cutting-edge research and expert perspectives on the evolving epidemiology of arboviral diseases, innovative control measures, and predictive tools for outbreak preparedness. By addressing the multidisciplinary challenges involved in arbovirus emergence—from vector ecology to vaccine development—this collection aims to inform policy, guide public health action, and identify critical gaps in our understanding of these complex pathogens.

Prof. Dr. Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dengue
  • chikungunya
  • Zika
  • Oropouche
  • yellow fever

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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10 pages, 851 KB  
Article
Introduction and Spatial–Temporal Distribution of Oropouche Virus in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
by Fábio Burack da Costa, Andrea Cony Cavalcanti, Rafael Santos Erbisti, Vanessa Zaquieu Dias, Cristiane Gomes de Castro Moreira, Mateus Marques Grifo, Maria Carmelita dos Santos Vaz, Adriana Cardoso Camargo, Leandro Magalhães de Souza, Flávia Barreto dos Santos, Mário Sérgio Ribeiro, Viviana Malirat, Nildimar Alves Honório and Renata Campos Azevedo
Pathogens 2025, 14(8), 833; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14080833 - 21 Aug 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2151
Abstract
The Oropouche virus (OROV) has been circulating in the Amazon region since the 1960s, with a progressive increase in outbreaks and human cases reported in Brazil and neighboring countries. In the Rio de Janeiro state, there has been a significant rise in suspected [...] Read more.
The Oropouche virus (OROV) has been circulating in the Amazon region since the 1960s, with a progressive increase in outbreaks and human cases reported in Brazil and neighboring countries. In the Rio de Janeiro state, there has been a significant rise in suspected cases of arboviruses, with only 30% of laboratory tests confirming infections with dengue, Zika, or chikungunya viruses. The investigation of OROV virus circulation in the Rio de Janeiro state was initiated and confirmed in April 2024. Our study aimed to retrospectively investigate OROV infections in dengue-suspected cases with inconclusive diagnosis in order to better understand the temporal and geographic introduction of OROV in the Rio de Janeiro state. Municipalities from Rio de Janeiro with arbovirus-like fever cases but a low percentage of dengue-positive RT-PCR test confirmations were identified in the laboratory database. Samples were selected for testing OROV infections using real-time RT-PCR as recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Municipalities in the Middle Paraíba region of the state showed 93% negative tests results for dengue, Zika, and chikungunya starting in September 2023. A total of 118 positive cases of Oropouche were recorded in the state of Rio de Janeiro between March and July 2024. Moreover, by genome sequencing of eight strains, it was shown that OROV circulating in Rio de Janeiro belongs to recently emergent M1L2S2 lineage. Our findings retrospectively revealed a concentration of cases in the Middle Paraíba region and an outbreak in the rural village of Cacaria, located in the municipality of Piraí. According to our data, this region is the first area with sustained transmission in the Rio de Janeiro state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Arboviruses: Epidemiology, Control, and Future Directions)
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11 pages, 248 KB  
Opinion
The Second Silent Pandemic: Why Arboviruses Demand an Orchestrated Global Health Response
by Nguyen Khoi Quan and Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
Pathogens 2026, 15(4), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens15040398 - 7 Apr 2026
Viewed by 1242
Abstract
Infections caused by arboviruses, a diverse group of viral pathogens transmitted by biting arthropod vectors, mainly mosquitoes, ticks, and midges, can cause a range of illnesses in humans, from mild, influenza-like symptoms to severe neurological complications including encephalitis and viral hemorrhagic fever. According [...] Read more.
Infections caused by arboviruses, a diverse group of viral pathogens transmitted by biting arthropod vectors, mainly mosquitoes, ticks, and midges, can cause a range of illnesses in humans, from mild, influenza-like symptoms to severe neurological complications including encephalitis and viral hemorrhagic fever. According to 2024 World Health Organization statistics, vector-borne diseases collectively account for over 700,000 human deaths annually, with mosquito-borne infections such as dengue, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever constituting a growing and significant proportion of this burden. What was once considered a problem localized to poorly resourced settings in tropical and subtropical regions is now becoming a pervasive global challenge. This is due largely to a combination of factors including climate change, transcontinental travel, and urbanization, with the geographical spread and intensity of arboviral outbreaks reaching unprecedented levels during the current century. In much the same way that the escalating global burden of bacterial infections resistant to antibiotics has been described as a silent pandemic, the insidious rise of arboviruses begs questions regarding outbreak preparedness, prevention and control. Here, we highlight the pressing need for comprehensive strategies that incorporate various health sectors to mitigate the emergence and resurgence of arboviral diseases. Future directives that should be prioritized are outlined. As demonstrated by epidemiological trends and historical outbreak data, an orchestrated global response is critical not only for managing current threats but also for preventing future epidemics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Arboviruses: Epidemiology, Control, and Future Directions)
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