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Optimising Nutrition and Dietetic Care in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2021) | Viewed by 33604

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Christopher Delaney

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Guest Editor

College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, South Australia
Interests: vascular surgery; nutrition requirements of cardiovascular disease; breath metabolomics; vascular restenosis and calcification

Prof. Dr. Michelle Miller

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Co-Guest Editor

College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, South Australia
Interests: healthy ageing; clinical nutrition in rehabilitation, aged care and vascular surgery; validity/reliability of nutrition screening and assessment instruments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nutrients is inviting submissions for a Special Issue of the journal that will focus on “Optimising Nutrition and Dietetic Care in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease”.

Patients with cardiovascular disease are a nutritionally vulnerable group, and there is an opportunity for strategies that optimise dietetic care to improve clinical outcomes across all stages of the disease process, and to potentially prevent disease onset amongst those at risk.

Current areas of interest within this patient cohort include, but are not limited to: novel methods of nutritional assessment, the management of nutritional state in the peri-operative period, dietetic strategies to prevent disease progression/onset, personalised nutrition, gene–diet interactions, dietary requirements and dietary patterns, as well as patient and physician education.

We welcome original research and up-to-date reviews that address the above themes or other relevant areas of interest.

Prof. Dr. Michelle Miller
Dr. Christopher Delaney
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

cardiovascular disease
nutritional status
dietary requirements
dietary patterns
nutrigenomics
education
nutritional assessment
perioperative care

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1306 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Taste Perception Profiles and Empirically Derived Dietary Patterns: An Exploratory Analysis among Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome

by Julie E. Gervis, Rebeca Fernández-Carrión, Kenneth K. H. Chui, Jiantao Ma, Oscar Coltell, Jose V. Sorli, Eva M. Asensio, Carolina Ortega-Azorín, José A. Pérez-Fidalgo, Olga Portolés, Alice H. Lichtenstein and Dolores Corella

Nutrients 2022, 14(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14010142 - 29 Dec 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3166

Abstract

Taste perception is a primary driver of food choices; however, little is known about how perception of all five tastes (sweet, salt, sour, bitter, umami) collectively inform dietary patterns. Our aim was to examine the associations between a multivariable measure of taste perception—taste perception profiles—and empirically derived dietary patterns. The cohort included 367 community-dwelling adults (55–75 years; 55% female; BMI = 32.2 ± 3.6 kg/m²) with metabolic syndrome from PREDIMED-Plus, Valencia. Six taste perception profiles were previously derived via data-driven clustering (Low All, High Bitter, High Umami, Low Bitter and Umami, High All But Bitter, High All But Umami); three dietary patterns were derived via principal component analysis (% variance explained = 20.2). Cross-sectional associations between profiles and tertials of dietary pattern adherence were examined by multinomial logistic regression. Overall, there were several significant differences in dietary pattern adherence between profiles: the vegetables, fruits, and whole grains pattern was significantly more common for the High All But Umami profile (OR range for high vs. low adherence relative to other profiles (1.45–1.99; 95% CI minimum lower, maximum upper bounds: 1.05, 2.74), the non-extra virgin olive oils, sweets, and refined grains pattern tended to be less common for Low All or High Bitter profiles (OR range: 0.54–0.82), while the alcohol, salty foods, and animal fats pattern tended to be less common for Low Bitter and Umami and more common for High All But Bitter profiles (OR range: 0.55–0.75 and 1.11–1.81, respectively). In conclusion, among older adults with metabolic syndrome, taste perception profiles were differentially associated with dietary patterns, suggesting the benefit of integrating taste perception into personalized nutrition guidance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimising Nutrition and Dietetic Care in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)

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10 pages, 3432 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Well-Balanced Lunch Reduces Risk of Lifestyle-Related Diseases in Middle-Aged Japanese Working Men

by Mari Mori

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4528; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124528 - 17 Dec 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2689

Abstract

Based on the results of a previous WHO-CARDIAC study, this study was designed to test the effect of the daily consumption of a diet rich in potassium with optimal salt content, rich in fish meat and soy isoflavones, corresponding to the ingredients of a traditional Japanese diet. The test meals were a Balanced Lunch (BL) with chicken as the main dish and a Fortified Lunch (FL) with fish and soy as the main dish, which appeared the same. A double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in 64 relatively obese men (47.2 ± 5.5 years old) who consumed the lunch at their work site for 4 weeks. All participants underwent fasting blood sampling, 24-h urine collection, as well as measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure before and after the intervention. Body mass index, blood pressure, and HbA1c were significantly improved and a 3-g reduction of salt intake was proven by 24-h urine collection in both groups. Moreover, HDL cholesterol and the Atherogenic Index (AI) were significantly improved in the FL group. In conclusion, the risks of lifestyle-related diseases in working men were reduced by one meal per day intervention of optimally-salted traditional Japanese diets containing soy and fish nutrients with high vegetable ingredients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimising Nutrition and Dietetic Care in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)

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9 pages, 268 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mediterranean, DASH, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index Dietary Patterns and Risk of Death in the Physicians’ Health Study

by Yash R. Patel, Jeremy M. Robbins, J. Michael Gaziano and Luc Djoussé

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 1893; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061893 - 31 May 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4321

Abstract

Objective: Our primary objective was to examine the associations of the Mediterranean (MED), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) diet with total mortality. Our secondary objective was to examine the association of these three dietary patterns with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Research: Design and Methods: We prospectively studied 15,768 men from the Physicians’ Health Study who completed a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Scores from each dietary pattern were divided into quintiles. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratio’s (95% confidence intervals) of mortality. Results: At baseline, average age was 65.9 ± 8.9 years. There were 1763 deaths, including 488 CVD deaths and 589 cancer deaths. All diet scores were inversely associated with risk for all-cause mortality: Hazard ratios (95% CI) of all-cause mortality from lowest to highest quintile for MED diet were 1.0 (reference), 0.85 (0.73–0.98), 0.80 (0.69–0.93), 0.77 (0.66–0.90), and 0.68 (0.58–0.79); corresponding values were 1.0 (reference), 0.96 (0.82–1.12), 0.95 (0.82–1.11), 0.88 (0.75–1.04), and 0.83 (0.71–0.99) for DASH diet and 1.0 (reference), 0.88 (0.77–1.02), 0.82 (0.71–0.95), 0.69 (0.59, 0.81), and 0.56 (0.47–0.67) for AHEI diet, after adjusting for age, energy, smoking, exercise, BMI, hypertension, coronary heart disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and atrial fibrillation. For cause-specific mortality, MED and AHEI scores were inversely associated with lower risk for CVD mortality, whereas AHEI and MED scores were inversely associated with lower risk for cancer mortality. Conclusion: Within this cohort of male physicians, AHEI, MED, and DASH scores were each inversely associated with mortality from all causes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimising Nutrition and Dietetic Care in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)

9 pages, 560 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaques in the Coronary Arteries: The NHLBI Family Heart Study

by Yash R. Patel, Tasnim F. Imran, R. Curtis Ellison, Steven C. Hunt, John Jeffrey Carr, Gerardo Heiss, Donna K. Arnett, James S. Pankow, J. Michael Gaziano and Luc Djoussé

Nutrients 2021, 13(6), 1775; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13061775 - 22 May 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3296

Abstract

Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake is associated with higher risk of weight gain, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular mortality. However, the association of SSB with subclinical atherosclerosis in the general population is unknown. Objective: Our primary objective was to investigate the association between SSB intake and prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries in The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study. Methods: We studied 1991 participants of the NHLBI Family Heart Study without known coronary heart disease. Intake of SSB was assessed through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured by cardiac Computed Tomography (CT) and prevalent CAC was defined as an Agatston score ≥100. We used generalized estimating equations to calculate adjusted prevalence ratios of CAC. A sensitivity analysis was also performed at different ranges of cut points for CAC. Results: Mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 55.0 years and 29.5 kg/m², respectively, and 60% were female. In analysis adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, energy intake, and field center, higher SSB consumption was not associated with higher prevalence of CAC [prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) of: 1.0 (reference), 1.36 (0.70–2.63), 1.69 (0.93–3.09), 1.21 (0.69–2.12), 1.05 (0.60–1.84), and 1.58 (0.85–2.94) for SSB consumption of almost never, 1–3/month, 1/week, 2–6/week, 1/day, and ≥2/day, respectively (p for linear trend 0.32)]. In a sensitivity analysis, there was no evidence of association between SSB and prevalent CAC when different CAC cut points of 0, 50, 150, 200, and 300 were used. Conclusions: These data do not provide evidence for an association between SSB consumption and prevalent CAC in adult men and women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimising Nutrition and Dietetic Care in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)

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Review

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24 pages, 1180 KiB

Open AccessReview

Dietary Management of Heart Failure: DASH Diet and Precision Nutrition Perspectives

by Brooke E. Wickman, Byambaa Enkhmaa, Ronit Ridberg, Erick Romero, Martin Cadeiras, Frederick Meyers and Francene Steinberg

Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4424; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124424 - 10 Dec 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 15708

Abstract

Heart failure (HF) is a major health care burden increasing in prevalence over time. Effective, evidence-based interventions for HF prevention and management are needed to improve patient longevity, symptom control, and quality of life. Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet interventions can have a positive impact for HF patients. However, the absence of a consensus for comprehensive dietary guidelines and for pragmatic evidence limits the ability of health care providers to implement clinical recommendations. The refinement of medical nutrition therapy through precision nutrition approaches has the potential to reduce the burden of HF, improve clinical care, and meet the needs of diverse patients. The aim of this review is to summarize current evidence related to HF dietary recommendations including DASH diet nutritional interventions and to develop initial recommendations for DASH diet implementation in outpatient HF management. Articles involving human studies were obtained using the following search terms: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet), diet pattern, diet, metabolism, and heart failure. Only full-text articles written in English were included in this review. As DASH nutritional interventions have been proposed, limitations of these studies are the small sample size and non-randomization of interventions, leading to less reliable evidence. Randomized controlled interventions are needed to offer definitive evidence related to the use of the DASH diet in HF management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimising Nutrition and Dietetic Care in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)

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14 pages, 721 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of Dietary or Supplemental Vitamin C Intake on Vitamin C Levels in Patients with and without Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review

by Bianca J. Collins, Mitali S. Mukherjee, Michelle D. Miller and Christopher L. Delaney

Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2330; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072330 - 8 Jul 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3675

Abstract

Atherosclerosis is a pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory disease state, which is the underlying cause of most cardiovascular events, estimated to affect 5.2% of the Australian population. Diet, and specifically vitamin C, through its antioxidant properties can play a role in impeding the development and progression of atherosclerosis. This systematic review conducted comprehensive searches in Medline, Emcare, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane using key search terms for vitamin C, plasma vitamin C, supplementation, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The results demonstrated that vitamin C supplementation resulted in a significant increase in vitamin C levels in populations with or without CVD, except for one study on the CVD population. It was also seen that the healthy population baseline and post-intervention vitamin C levels were high compared to the CVD population. However, further research is indicated for CVD population groups with varying baseline vitamin C levels, such as low baseline vitamin C, within a more representative elderly cohort in order to formulate and update vitamin C repletion guidelines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimising Nutrition and Dietetic Care in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease)

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