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Nutrients
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Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease
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Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Prebiotics and Probiotics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 10400

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Qingsen Shang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
Interests: gut microbiota; marine polysaccharides; colitis; inflammatory bowel disease; fermentation; prebiotics; probiotics; obesity; diabetes; carbohydrate-based drugs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, inflammatory bowel diseases, and arthritis are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated a pivotal role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. However, we are still at the very beginning of understanding the complex interactions between gut microbiota and the development of chronic diseases. In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we sincerely invite you and your colleagues to submit research articles or informative reviews aiming to elucidate the complex interactions between gut microbiota and different chronic diseases. Specifically, we would like to understand how specific gut microbes work to contribute to or help to prevent the development of chronic diseases. Additionally, we would also like to advance our current understanding of the beneficial effects of prebiotic and probiotics on chronic diseases. Research articles and reviews to be considered for publication in this Special Issue of Nutrients should focus on the following topics:

  1. Use of prebiotic and probiotics for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases;
  2. Pathogenetic gut bacteria that could contribute to the development of chronic diseases;
  3. Modulatory effects of prebiotic and probiotics on the dysbiotic microbiota of chronic diseases;
  4. Use of synbiotics and postbiotics for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases;
  5. Development of live biotherapeutic products for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases;
  6. Novel nutrition therapies that could be used for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases by targeting gut microbiota;
  7. The effects of different gut bacterial metabolites on the development of chronic diseases;
  8. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the management of chronic diseases;
  9. Natural products that could be used for the treatment of chronic diseases by targeting gut dysbiosis.

Dr. Qingsen Shang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prebiotics
  • probiotics
  • synbiotics
  • postbiotics
  • gut microbiota
  • chronic disease
  • gut dysbiosis
  • fecal microbiota transplantation
  • gut bacterial metabolites
  • live biotherapeutic products
  • next-generation prebiotics
  • next-generation probiotics

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 2438 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Status Influences Probiotic Efficacy for Depression—PRO-DEMET Randomized Clinical Trial Results
by Oliwia Gawlik-Kotelnicka, Aleksandra Margulska, Kacper Płeska, Anna Skowrońska and Dominik Strzelecki
Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1389; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091389 - 3 May 2024
Viewed by 933
Abstract
Probiotics may represent a safe and easy-to-use treatment option for depression or its metabolic comorbidities. However, it is not known whether metabolic features can influence the efficacy of probiotics treatments for depression. This trial involved a parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design. In [...] Read more.
Probiotics may represent a safe and easy-to-use treatment option for depression or its metabolic comorbidities. However, it is not known whether metabolic features can influence the efficacy of probiotics treatments for depression. This trial involved a parallel-group, prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled design. In total, 116 participants with depression received a probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 and Bifidobacterium longum Rosell®-175 or placebo over 60 days. The psychometric data were assessed longitudinally at five time-points. Data for blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, complete blood count, serum levels of C-reactive protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose were measured at the beginning of the intervention period. There was no advantage of probiotics usage over placebo in the depression score overall (PRO vs. PLC: F(1.92) = 0.58; p = 0.45). However, we found a higher rate of minimum clinically important differences in patients supplemented with probiotics than those allocated to placebo generally (74.5 vs. 53.5%; X2(1,n = 94) = 4.53; p = 0.03; NNT = 4.03), as well as in the antidepressant-treated subgroup. Moreover, we found that the more advanced the pre-intervention metabolic abnormalities (such as overweight, excessive central adipose tissue, and liver steatosis), the lower the improvements in psychometric scores. A higher baseline stress level was correlated with better improvements. The current probiotic formulations may only be used as complementary treatments for depressive disorders. Metabolic abnormalities may require more complex treatments. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04756544. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease)
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12 pages, 1297 KiB  
Article
Role of Baseline Gut Microbiota on Response to Fiber Intervention in Individuals with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
by Jerry Zhou and Vincent Ho
Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4786; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224786 - 15 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1633
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional gut disorders in the world. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum, a low-viscosity soluble fiber, has shown promise in the management of IBS-related symptoms. In this study, we aimed to determine if an individual’s [...] Read more.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional gut disorders in the world. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum, a low-viscosity soluble fiber, has shown promise in the management of IBS-related symptoms. In this study, we aimed to determine if an individual’s baseline gut microbiota impacted their response to a partially hydrolyzed guar gum intervention. Patients diagnosed with IBS undertook a 90-day intervention and follow-up. IBS symptom severity, tolerability, quality-of-life, and fecal microbiome composition were recorded during this study. Patients with normal microbiota diversity (Shannon index ≥ 3) showed significant improvements to IBS symptom scores, quality-of-life, and better tolerated the intervention compared to patients with low microbiota diversity (Shannon index < 3). Our findings suggest that an individual’s baseline microbiome composition exerts a substantial influence on their response to fiber intervention. Future investigations should explore a symbiotic approach to the treatment of IBS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease)
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18 pages, 6577 KiB  
Article
Effect of Extracelluar Vesicles Derived from Akkermansia muciniphila on Intestinal Barrier in Colitis Mice
by Ting Zheng, Haining Hao, Qiqi Liu, Jiankun Li, Yukun Yao, Yisuo Liu, Tai Zhang, Zhe Zhang and Huaxi Yi
Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4722; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224722 - 8 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1600
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease. It has been observed that the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing, which consequently raises the risk of developing colon cancer. Recently, the regulation of the intestinal barrier by probiotics has become [...] Read more.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent disease. It has been observed that the incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing, which consequently raises the risk of developing colon cancer. Recently, the regulation of the intestinal barrier by probiotics has become an effective treatment for colitis. Akkermansia muciniphila-derived extracellular vesicles (Akk EVs) are nano-vesicles that contain multiple bioactive macromolecules with the potential to modulate the intestinal barrier. In this study, we used ultrafiltration in conjunction with high-speed centrifugation to extract Akk EVs. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell model was established to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of Akk EVs. It was found that Akk EVs were able to be absorbed by RAW264.7 cells and significantly reduce the expression of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and IL-1β (p < 0.05). We explored the preventative effects on colitis and the regulating effects on the intestinal barrier using a mouse colitis model caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The findings demonstrated that Akk EVs effectively prevented colitis symptoms and reduced colonic tissue injury. Additionally, Akk EVs significantly enhanced the effectiveness of the intestinal barrier by elevating the expression of MUC2 (0.53 ± 0.07), improving mucus integrity, and reducing intestinal permeability (p < 0.05). Moreover, Akk EVs increased the proportion of the beneficial bacteria Firmicutes (33.01 ± 0.09%) and downregulated the proportion of the harmful bacteria Proteobacteria (0.32 ± 0.27%). These findings suggest that Akk EVs possess the ability to regulate immune responses, protect intestinal barriers, and modulate the gut microbiota. The research presents a potential intervention approach for Akk EVs to prevent colitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease)
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20 pages, 5037 KiB  
Article
Rifaximin Ameliorates Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Rats through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites
by Mei Luo, Peiwei Xie, Xuehong Deng, Jiahui Fan and Lishou Xiong
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4502; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214502 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1493
Abstract
Structural changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to the development of functional constipation, and regulating the gut microbiota can improve constipation. Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed antibiotic beneficial for regulating gut microbiota, but few studies have reported its effects on constipation. [...] Read more.
Structural changes in the gut microbiota are closely related to the development of functional constipation, and regulating the gut microbiota can improve constipation. Rifaximin is a poorly absorbed antibiotic beneficial for regulating gut microbiota, but few studies have reported its effects on constipation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rifaximin on loperamide-induced constipation in SD rats. The results showed that rifaximin improved constipation by increasing serum 5-HT, SP, and the mRNA expression of AQP3, AQP8, and reducing the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4. In addition, rifaximin could regulate the gut microbiota of constipated rats, such as increasing the potentially beneficial bacteria Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus murinus, reducing the Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. According to metabolomics analysis, many serum metabolites, including bile acids and steroids, were changed in constipated rats and were recovered via rifaximin intervention. In conclusion, rifaximin might improve loperamide-induced constipation in rats by increasing serum excitatory neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, modulating water metabolism, and facilitating intestinal inflammation. Muti-Omics analysis results showed that rifaximin has beneficial regulatory effects on the gut microbiota and serum metabolites in constipated rats, which might play critical roles in alleviating constipation. This study suggests that rifaximin might be a potential strategy for treating constipation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease)
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21 pages, 4031 KiB  
Article
The Different Ways Multi-Strain Probiotics with Different Ratios of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Relieve Constipation Induced by Loperamide in Mice
by Chenyue Zhang, Linlin Wang, Xiaoming Liu, Gang Wang, Xinmei Guo, Xuecong Liu, Jianxin Zhao and Wei Chen
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4230; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194230 - 30 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1606
Abstract
Constipation is currently one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, and its causes are diverse. Multi-strain probiotics are often considered a more effective treatment than single-strain probiotics. In this study, a constipation model was constructed using loperamide hydrochloride to evaluate the ability of [...] Read more.
Constipation is currently one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders, and its causes are diverse. Multi-strain probiotics are often considered a more effective treatment than single-strain probiotics. In this study, a constipation model was constructed using loperamide hydrochloride to evaluate the ability of a multi-strain probiotic combination of four different ratios of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus to regulate intestinal flora, relieve constipation, and explore the initial mechanism in mice. After four weeks of probiotic intervention, BM1, BM2, and PB2 effectively relieved constipation; however, the pathways involved were different. The Bifidobacteria-dominated formulations BM1 and BM2 mainly changed the composition and structure of the intestinal flora and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Tyzzerella, Enterorhabdus, Faecalibaculum, Gordonibacter, and Mucispirillum in stool; increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides and the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in stool; restored motilin (MTL) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) levels; and downregulated interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 levels in serum. This repaired the inflammatory response caused by constipation. Finally, it promoted peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing stool water content, and relieving constipation. While Lactobacillus-dominated formula PB2 mainly restored the levels of serum neurotransmitters (MTL, SP (substance P), VIP and PYY (Peptide YY)) and inflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8), it significantly decreased the relative abundance of Tyzzerella, Enterorhabdus, Faecalibaculum, Gordonibacter and Mucispirillum in stool; it then increased acetic acid content, thereby reducing the level of inflammation and changing stool properties and gastrointestinal motility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease)
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14 pages, 2908 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Fermentation of Polysaccharide from Edible Alga Enteromorpha clathrata by the Gut Microbiota of Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
by Mingfeng Ma, Min Quan, Jiaxue Zhang, Aijun Zhang, Puyue Gao, Qingsen Shang and Guangli Yu
Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4122; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194122 - 24 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1518
Abstract
Dietary intake of the sulfated polysaccharide from edible alga E. clathrata (ECP) has recently been illustrated to attenuate ulcerative colitis (UC) by targeting gut dysbiosis in mice. However, ECP is not easily absorbed in the gut and, as a potential candidate for next-generation [...] Read more.
Dietary intake of the sulfated polysaccharide from edible alga E. clathrata (ECP) has recently been illustrated to attenuate ulcerative colitis (UC) by targeting gut dysbiosis in mice. However, ECP is not easily absorbed in the gut and, as a potential candidate for next-generation prebiotics development, how it is fermented by human gut microbiota has not been characterized. Here, using in vitro anaerobic fermentation and 16S high-throughput sequencing, we illustrate for the first time the detailed fermentation characteristics of ECP by the gut microbiota of nine UC patients. Our results indicated that, compared to that of glucose, fermentation of ECP by human gut microbiota produced a higher amount of anti-inflammatory acetate and a lower amount of pro-inflammatory lactate. Additionally, ECP fermentation helped to shape a more balanced microbiota composition with increased species richness and diversity. Moreover, ECP significantly stimulated the growth of anti-colitis bacteria in the human gut, including Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus, Blautia spp., Bacteroides uniformis, and Parabacteroides spp. Altogether, our study provides the first evidence for the prebiotic effect of ECP on human gut microbiota and sheds new light on the development of ECP as a novel prebiotic candidate for the prevention and potential treatment of UC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease)
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Review

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26 pages, 1986 KiB  
Review
Polyphenols Influence the Development of Endometrial Cancer by Modulating the Gut Microbiota
by Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik, Anna Winiarska-Mieczan, Piotr Olcha, Małgorzata Kwiecień, Karolina Jachimowicz-Rogowska, Łukasz Nowakowski, Andrzej Miturski and Krzysztof Gałczyński
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050681 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1122
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract can induce the development of gynaecological tumours, particularly in postmenopausal women, by causing DNA damage and alterations in metabolite metabolism. Dysbiosis also complicates cancer treatment by influencing the body’s immune response and disrupting the sensitivity [...] Read more.
Dysbiosis of the microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract can induce the development of gynaecological tumours, particularly in postmenopausal women, by causing DNA damage and alterations in metabolite metabolism. Dysbiosis also complicates cancer treatment by influencing the body’s immune response and disrupting the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain homeostasis in the gut microbiota through the effective use of food components that affect its structure. Recent studies have shown that polyphenols, which are likely to be the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, exhibit prebiotic properties. They affect the structure of the gut microbiota and the synthesis of metabolites. In this review, we summarise the current state of knowledge, focusing on the impact of polyphenols on the development of gynaecological tumours, particularly endometrial cancer, and emphasising that polyphenol consumption leads to beneficial modifications in the structure of the gut microbiota. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Gut Microbiota with Chronic Disease)
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