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Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2020) | Viewed by 56556

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Prof. Dr. Isabel Goñi

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Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: human nutrition; dietary pattern; functional ingredients; intestinal microbiota; dietary fiber and associated bioactive compounds; antioxidant dietary fibers; prebiotic dietary fibers; glycemic response. bioavailability and intestinal bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The essential role of diet in human health has been widely demonstrated. The triple interaction between the non-digestible components of a diet (dietary fiber and associated bioactive compounds), the colonic microbiota, and the intestinal cells determines the health of the gut ecosystem and, consequently, of the body. The colonic microbiota is a multifaceted integrator organ with defensive, trophic, and metabolic functions modulated by the diet, especially by the non-digestible components of food. Dysbiosis is also known to be a potent risk factor for numerous organic alterations related to food behavior, obesity, immunity, diabetes, etc. However, a dietary pattern including a great variety of foods rich in dietary fiber and bioactive compounds is associated with a “healthy microbiota” that enhances the wellness of the intestinal ecosystem. Therefore, a healthy dietary pattern and the use of biotic products are some of the most common strategies to modulate and support the symbiotic microbial communities that colonize the gut tract. In order to better understand the impact of dietary components on the gut microbiota, more interdisciplinary studies are needed.

This Special Issue entitled “Impact of dietary components on the gut microbiota” welcomes the submission of original research manuscripts, reviews, clinical trials, interventions studies, or meta-analyses concerning the relationships between food components, ingredients, or whole diets and the colonic microbiota, as well as their role in human health.

Dr. Isabel Goñi
Guest Editor

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Colonic microbiota
Dietary fiber
Bioactive compounds
Biotic products
Dysbiosis
Healthy dietary pattern

Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 3254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stratification of Volunteers According to Flavanone Metabolite Excretion and Phase II Metabolism Profile after Single Doses of ‘Pera’ Orange and ‘Moro’ Blood Orange Juices

by Alessandra Nishioka, Eric de Castro Tobaruela, Layanne Nascimento Fraga, Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán, Franco Maria Lajolo and Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto

Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020473 - 30 Jan 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3263

Abstract

Large interindividual variations in the biological response to citrus flavanones have been observed, and this could be associated with high variations in their bioavailability. The aim of this study was to identify the main determinants underlying interindividual differences in citrus flavanone metabolism and excretion. In a randomized cross-over study, non-obese and obese volunteers, aged 19–40 years, ingested single doses of Pera and Moro orange juices, and urine was collected for 24 h. A large difference in the recovery of the urinary flavanone phase II metabolites was observed, with hesperetin-sulfate and hesperetin-sulfo-O-glucuronide being the major metabolites. Subjects were stratified according to their total excretion of flavanone metabolites as high, medium, and low excretors, but the expected correlation with the microbiome was not observed at the genus level. A second stratification was proposed according to phase II flavanone metabolism, whereby participants were divided into two excretion groups: Profiles A and B. Profile B individuals showed greater biotransformation of hesperetin-sulfate to hesperetin-sulfo-O-glucuronide, as well as transformation of flavanone-monoglucuronide to the respective diglucuronides, suggestive of an influence of polymorphisms on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. In conclusion, this study proposes a new stratification of volunteers based on their metabolic profiles. Gut microbiota composition and polymorphisms of phase II enzymes may be related to the interindividual variability of metabolism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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21 pages, 2376 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diet Quality, Food Groups and Nutrients Associated with the Gut Microbiota in a Nonwestern Population

by Ángela S. García-Vega, Vanessa Corrales-Agudelo, Alejandro Reyes and Juan S. Escobar

Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 2938; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12102938 - 25 Sep 2020

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5203

Abstract

Diet plays an important role in shaping gut microbiota. However, much remains to be learned regarding this association. We analyzed dietary intake and gut microbiota in a community-dwelling cohort of 441 Colombians. Diet quality, intake of food groups and nutrient consumption were paired with microbial diversity and composition using linear regressions, Procrustes analyses and a random-forest machine-learning algorithm. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including the five cities from where the participants originated, sex (male, female), age group (18–40 and 41–62 years), BMI (lean, overweight, obese) and socioeconomic status. Microbial diversity was higher in individuals with increased intake of nutrients obtained from plant-food sources, whereas the intake of food groups and nutrients correlated with microbiota structure. Random-forest regressions identified microbial communities associated with different diet components. Two remarkable results confirmed previous expectations regarding the link between diet and microbiota: communities composed of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers were more prevalent in the microbiota of individuals consuming diets rich in fiber and plant-food sources, such as fruits, vegetables and beans. In contrast, an inflammatory microbiota composed of bile-tolerant and putrefactive microorganisms along with opportunistic pathogens thrived in individuals consuming diets enriched in animal-food sources and of low quality, i.e., enriched in ultraprocessed foods and depleted in dietary fiber. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between dietary intake and gut microbiota. We provide evidence that diet is strongly associated with the gut microbial community and highlight generalizable connections between them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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26 pages, 12717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modulating the Microbiome and Immune Responses Using Whole Plant Fibre in Synbiotic Combination with Fibre-Digesting Probiotic Attenuates Chronic Colonic Inflammation in Spontaneous Colitic Mice Model of IBD

by Tanvi Shinde, Ravichandra Vemuri, Sonia Shastri, Agampodi Promoda Perera, Shakuntla V. Gondalia, David J. Beale, Avinash V. Karpe, Rajaraman Eri and Roger Stanley

Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2380; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082380 - 9 Aug 2020

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7221

Abstract

A probiotic and prebiotic food ingredient combination was tested for synergistic functioning in modulation of the colonic microbiome and remediation of the gastrointestinal immune and inflammatory responses in a spontaneous colitic mouse model. Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores with capability to metabolise complex plant polysaccharides were supplemented with complex whole-plant prebiotic sugarcane fibre (PSCF). The combined and individual efficacies were tested for their influence on the outcomes of chronic inflammation in Muc2 mutant colitic Winnie mice. The mice were fed normal chow diet supplemented with either ingredient or a combination for 21 days. Synbiotic combined supplementation ameliorated clinical symptoms and histological colonic damage scores more effectively than either B. coagulans or PSCF alone. PSCF and B. coagulans alone also induced considerable immunomodulatory effects. Synbiotic supplementation however was the most efficacious in modulating the overall immune profile compared to the unsupplemented Winnie-control. The augmented synbiotic effect could potentially be due to a combination of increased levels of fermentation products, direct immune-modulating abilities of the components, their capability to reduce colonic epithelial damage and/or modulation of the microbiota. The beneficial effects of the supplementation with a complex plant fibre and a fibre-degrading probiotic parallel the effects seen in human microbiota with high plant fibre diets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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17 pages, 3449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 Exopolysaccharide Modulates the Early Life Microbiota by Acting as a Potential Dietary Substrate

by Deborah Püngel, Agatha Treveil, Matthew J Dalby, Shabhonam Caim, Ian J Colquhoun, Catherine Booth, Jennifer Ketskemety, Tamas Korcsmaros, Douwe van Sinderen, Melissa AE Lawson and Lindsay J Hall

Nutrients 2020, 12(4), 948; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12040948 - 29 Mar 2020

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4802

Abstract

Background: Bifidobacterium represents an important early life microbiota member. Specific bifidobacterial components, exopolysaccharides (EPS), positively modulate host responses, with purified EPS also suggested to impact microbe–microbe interactions by acting as a nutrient substrate. Thus, we determined the longitudinal effects of bifidobacterial EPS on microbial communities and metabolite profiles using an infant model colon system. Methods: Differential gene expression and growth characteristics were determined for each strain; Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 and corresponding isogenic EPS-deletion mutant (B. breve UCC2003del). Model colon vessels were inoculated with B. breve and microbiome dynamics monitored using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics (NMR). Results: Transcriptomics of EPS mutant vs. B. breve UCC2003 highlighted discrete differential gene expression (e.g., eps biosynthetic cluster), though overall growth dynamics between strains were unaffected. The EPS-positive vessel had significant shifts in microbiome and metabolite profiles until study end (405 h); with increases of Tyzzerella and Faecalibacterium, and short-chain fatty acids, with further correlations between taxa and metabolites which were not observed within the EPS-negative vessel. Conclusions: These data indicate that B. breve UCC2003 EPS is potentially metabolized by infant microbiota members, leading to differential microbial metabolism and altered metabolite by-products. Overall, these findings may allow development of EPS-specific strategies to promote infant health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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18 pages, 1920 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in Intestinal Microbiota and Predicted Metabolic Pathways During Colonic Fermentation of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)—Based Bar Indigestible Fraction

by Wilbert Gutiérrez-Sarmiento, Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi, Isabel Goñi, Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli, Miguel Abud-Archila, José del Carmen Rejón-Orantes, Reiner Rincón-Rosales, Betsy Anaid Peña-Ocaña and Víctor Manuel Ruíz-Valdiviezo

Nutrients 2020, 12(3), 683; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030683 - 3 Mar 2020

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5081

Abstract

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel and pulp are a source of dietary fiber (DF) and phenolic compounds (PCs) that constituent part of the indigestible fraction (IF). This fraction reaches the colon and acts as a carbon and energy source for intestinal microbiota. The effect of mango IF on intestinal microbiota during colonic fermentation is unknown. In this study, the isolated IF of a novel ‘Ataulfo’ mango-based bar (snack) UV-C irradiated and non-irradiated (UVMangoB and MangoB) were fermented. Colonic fermentation occurred in vitro under chemical-enzymatic, semi-anaerobic, batch culture and controlled pH colonic conditions. Changes in the structure of fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16s rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The community´s functional capabilities were determined in silico. The MangoB and UVMangoB increased the presence of Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Eubacterium, Fusicatenibacter, Holdemanella, Catenibacterium, Phascolarctobacterium, Buttiauxella, Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, Prevotella and Bacteroides genera. The alpha indexes showed a decrease in microbial diversity after 6 h of colonic fermentation. The coordinates analysis indicated any differences between irradiated and non-irradiated bar. The metabolic prediction demonstrated that MangoB and UVMangoB increase the microbiota carbohydrate metabolism pathway. This study suggests that IF of mango-based bar induced beneficial changes on microbial ecology and metabolic pathway that could be promissory to prevention or treatment of metabolic dysbiosis. However, in vivo interventions are necessary to confirm the interactions between microbiota modulating and intestinal beneficial effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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21 pages, 1876 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microbiological and Immunological Markers in Milk and Infant Feces for Common Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Pilot Study

by Marina Aparicio, Claudio Alba, Proctocolitis Study Group of CAM Public Health Area 6, Juan Miguel Rodríguez and Leonides Fernández

Nutrients 2020, 12(3), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030634 - 27 Feb 2020

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3371

Abstract

The objective of this pilot study was to assess the fecal microbiome and different immunological parameters in infant feces and maternal milk from mother–infant pairs in which the infants were suffering from different gastrointestinal disorders (colic, non-IgE-mediated cow milk protein allergy (CMPA), and proctocolitis). A cohort of 30 mother–infant pairs, in which the infants were diagnosed with these gastrointestinal disorders or included as healthy controls, were recruited. Bacterial composition of infant feces and breast milk was determined by metataxonomic sequencing. Immunological compounds were quantified using multiplexed immunoassays. A higher abundance of Eggerthellaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Peptostreptococcaceae, and lower abundance of Bifidobacterium and higher abundance of Rothia were registered in fecal samples from the CMPA group. Eggerthellaceae was also significantly more abundant in milk samples of the CMPA group. There were no differences in the concentration of immunological compounds in infant fecal samples between the four groups. In contrast, differences were found in the concentration and/or frequency of compounds related to acquired immunity and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) in breast milk samples. In conclusion, a few microbial signatures in feces may explain part of the difference between CMPA and other infants. In addition, some milk immunological signatures have been uncovered among the different conditions addressed in this pilot study. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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10 pages, 779 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intake of a Mixture of Sake Cake and Rice Malt Increases Mucin Levels and Changes in Intestinal Microbiota in Mice

by Shinpei Kawakami, Ryouichi Ito, Hiroko Maruki-Uchida, Asuka Kamei, Akihito Yasuoka, Tsudoi Toyoda, Tomoko Ishijima, Eisaku Nishimura, Minoru Morita, Masahiko Sai, Keiko Abe and Shinji Okada

Nutrients 2020, 12(2), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020449 - 11 Feb 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3667

Abstract

Amazake is a traditional Japanese beverage. Its main ingredients are sake cake and rice malt. In this study, we examined the effect of sake cake and rice malt on the intestinal barrier function and gut microbiota. BALB/c mice were fed a control diet or a diet containing a mixture of sake cake and rice malt powder (SRP) for four weeks. Fecal IgA values did not change between groups, but the fecal mucin level was significantly greater in the SRP-fed group. Gene expression analysis in the ileum by real-time PCR demonstrated Muc2 expression did not change, while the Muc3 expression was upregulated in the SRP-fed group. Furthermore, microbiota analysis demonstrated a change by SRP intake at the family level, and the proportion of Lactobacillaceae significantly increased in the SRP-fed group. At the genus level, the proportion of Lactobacillus also significantly increased in the SRP-fed group. These results suggest that the intake of a mixture of sake cake and rice malt improves intestinal barrier function by increasing mucin levels and inducing changes in intestinal microbiota. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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Review

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28 pages, 1502 KiB

Open AccessReview

Relationship between Wine Consumption, Diet and Microbiome Modulation in Alzheimer’s Disease

by M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas, Begoña Bartolomé, José L. Peñalvo, Patricia Pérez-Matute and Maria José Motilva

Nutrients 2020, 12(10), 3082; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103082 - 10 Oct 2020

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 8572

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to the most common form of dementia in elderly people. Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors could either accelerate or ameliorate the aging process and the risk of developing AD and other age-related morbidities. Emerging evidence also reports a potential link between oral and gut microbiota alterations and AD. Dietary polyphenols, in particular wine polyphenols, are a major diver of oral and gut microbiota composition and function. Consequently, wine polyphenols health effects, mediated as a function of the individual’s oral and gut microbiome are considered one of the recent greatest challenges in the field of neurodegenerative diseases as a promising strategy to prevent or slow down AD progression. This review highlights current knowledge on the link of oral and intestinal microbiome and the interaction between wine polyphenols and microbiota in the context of AD. Furthermore, the extent to which mechanisms bacteria and polyphenols and its microbial metabolites exert their action on communication pathways between the brain and the microbiota, as well as the impact of the molecular mediators to these interactions on AD patients, are described. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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23 pages, 1808 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten/Wheat Sensitivity

by Giacomo Caio, Lisa Lungaro, Nicola Segata, Matteo Guarino, Giorgio Zoli, Umberto Volta and Roberto De Giorgio

Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1832; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061832 - 19 Jun 2020

Cited by 72 | Viewed by 14582

Abstract

Celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity (NCG/WS) are the two most frequent conditions belonging to gluten-related disorders (GRDs). Both these diseases are triggered and worsened by gluten proteins ingestion, although other components, such as amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATI) and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), seem to be involved in the NCG/WS onset. Therefore, the only effective treatment to date is the long-life adherence to a strictly gluten-free diet. Recently, increasing attention has been paid to the intestinal barrier, a dynamic system comprising various components, which regulate the delicate crosstalk between metabolic, motor, neuroendocrine and immunological functions. Among the elements characterizing the intestinal barrier, the microbiota plays a key role, modulating the gut integrity maintenance, the immune response and the inflammation process, linked to the CD and NCG/WS outbreak. This narrative review addresses the most recent findings on the gut microbiota modulation induced by the gluten-free diet (GFD) in healthy, CD and NCG/WS patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dietary Components on Gut Microbiota)

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