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Nutrients
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Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors
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Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 1428

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Clinical Dietetics Unit, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Chodzki 7, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
2. Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Wyszynski Hospital in Lublin, al. Krasnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
Interests: nutrition; human nutrition; hypertension; atherosclerosis; blood pressure; metabolic diseases; lipid metabolism; disease prevention; cardiovascular medicine; malnutrition
Dr. Grzegorz Kalisz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8B, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
Interests: metabolic syndrome; obesity; diabetes; supplementation; animal models; omics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death globally. Its main risk factors are lifestyle-related, and diet is the most important factor. Despite the recognized association between diet and cardiometabolic health, we are still in need of more effective strategies at all stages—prevention, screening, and treatment. This Special Issue aims to gather the results of high-quality studies focused on the dietary aspects of cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes, all of which are types of metabolic syndrome. Diet quality and nutritional pattern data can come from observational studies, while personalized dietary interventions may be investigated in prospective studies. The analyses of the mechanisms and direct associations between nutrition and cardiovascular disease will also be addressed in this Special Issue. This Special Issue welcomes submissions of original research and reviews of the scientific literature, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Dr. Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz
Dr. Grzegorz Kalisz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolic syndrome
  • cardiovascular risk
  • cardiovascular disease
  • hypertension
  • dyslipidemia

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1456 KiB  
Article
Relationship Between Dietary Inflammatory Index, Diets, and Cardiovascular Medication
by Teresa Lopez de Coca, Pablo Maya, Victoria Villagrasa and Lucrecia Moreno
Nutrients 2025, 17(9), 1570; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17091570 - 2 May 2025
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain a leading global health challenge, being influenced by diet and systemic inflammation. Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean (MED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Anti-inflammatory (AnMED) diets, may reduce the CV risk. Background/Objectives: We [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular (CV) diseases remain a leading global health challenge, being influenced by diet and systemic inflammation. Adherence to healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean (MED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Anti-inflammatory (AnMED) diets, may reduce the CV risk. Background/Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the association between the adherence to healthy dietary patterns and CV treatments. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Valencian Community, Spain. Nutritional data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire to assess the adherence to MED, DASH, and AnMED dietary patterns. Statistical analyses, including Kruskal–Wallis tests and linear regression models, evaluated dietary adherence, nutrient intake, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and medication use. Results: Of 468 participants initially recruited, were included in the final analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria (88.48% female, mean age: 66.16 ± 9.59 years). A significant association was observed between the DII and antihypertensive use (p-value < 0.001), with higher DII scores correlating with increased antihypertensive consumption. Among dietary patterns, the AnMED diet exhibited the strongest association with the DII (p-adjust < 0.001). Predictive modeling revealed a 14.28% increase in antihypertensive use per unit rise in the DII. The AnMED diet was the only pattern significantly linked to improved micronutrient intake, including calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Conclusions: The DII is a useful tool for assessing the inflammatory potential of diets. Diets with lower DII scores, such as the AnMED diet, may reduce systemic inflammation and improve CV health. Adherence to the AnMED diet may lower blood pressure and reduce reliance on antihypertensive medications, supporting anti-inflammatory dietary patterns for CV disease prevention and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors)
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15 pages, 1724 KiB  
Article
Nutritional Status, Uremic Toxins, and Metabo-Inflammatory Biomarkers as Predictors of Two-Year Cardiovascular Mortality in Dialysis Patients: A Prospective Study
by Sylwia Czaja-Stolc, Marta Potrykus, Jakub Ruszkowski, Alicja Dębska-Ślizień and Sylwia Małgorzewicz
Nutrients 2025, 17(6), 1043; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17061043 - 16 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, which cannot be fully accounted for by traditional risk factors. Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of adipokines, myokines, gut-microbiota-derived uremic [...] Read more.
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) mortality, which cannot be fully accounted for by traditional risk factors. Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of adipokines, myokines, gut-microbiota-derived uremic toxins, and nutritional status on the risk of CV mortality in patients undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT). Methods: This study includes 84 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 44 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Adipokines and myokines concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), while gut-microbiota-derived uremic toxins were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Nutritional status was assessed using the seven-point Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and anthropometric measurements. The survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves with the log-rank test, along with univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The mean follow-up period was 18.2 (8) months for the HD group and 14.3 (8) months for the PD group. During the 2-year follow-up, 15.5% of HD patients and 6.8% of PD patients died due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the HD group, age, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), phosphorus, interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-protein (hsCRP), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels were significantly associated with CV mortality. HD patients who died had significantly lower myostatin/IL-6 ratios. CV mortality was significantly associated with age and potassium levels in the PD group. Conclusions: The examined adipokines, myokines, and gut-microbiota-derived uremic toxins exert a less significant direct influence on survival compared to widely recognized indicators, including age, nutritional status, and inflammatory markers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors)
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14 pages, 273 KiB  
Article
The Nutritional Status of Patients with Heart Failure and Its Impact on Patient’ Outcomes—The Center’s Own Experience
by Natalia Świątoniowska-Lonc, Marek Aureliusz Mak, Filip Klausa, Krzysztof Ściborski, Waldemar Banasiak and Adrian Doroszko
Nutrients 2025, 17(5), 761; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17050761 - 21 Feb 2025
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Abstract
Background. The nutritional status of patients in hospitals has a significant impact on the effectiveness of treatment, the occurrence of complications, and the length of hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with heart failure [...] Read more.
Background. The nutritional status of patients in hospitals has a significant impact on the effectiveness of treatment, the occurrence of complications, and the length of hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with heart failure (HF) and its impact on patient outcomes. Material and Methods. This study included 213 patients (153 men, 71.8%) aged 74.7 ± 14.3 years treated for HF at the cardiology clinic of the 4th Military Clinical Hospital between 2018 and 2021. Sociodemographics, clinical data, the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), CHILD-PUGH, and the Nutritional Risk Score (NRS) were analyzed. Results. Patients at high nutritional risk (NRS ≥ 3 score) were older (85 years vs. 75 years; p < 0.001), had longer hospitalizations (12 days vs. 9 days, p = 0.027), lower hemoglobin (10.5 g/dL vs. 11.7 g/dL, p = 0.001), lower TIBC (292 vs. 336; p = 0.012), and iron (32 mg/nL vs. 39 ng/mL, p = 0.009) compared with patients at low risk (NRS < 3 score). Patients hospitalized ≤7 days had significantly lower CHILD-PUGH score compared with patients hospitalized >7 days. Patients hospitalized ≥14 days were significantly more likely to die compared with other groups of HF patients (10.6% vs. 0.0%, p = 0.004). Conclusions. Abnormal nutritional status among hospitalized HF patients is associated with longer hospitalization duration and higher rates of death. In addition to clinical factors, the CHILD-PUGH scale can be helpful in estimating the length of hospitalization of HF patients. It is necessary to determine the impact of nutritional status on the outcome of patients with heart failure in further multicenter prospective or interventional studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Aspects of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors)
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