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Nutrients
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Nutrition and Metabolism in Kidney Diseases
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Nutrition and Metabolism in Kidney Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 6846

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Domenico Santoro

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Guest Editor
Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: glomerulonephritis; hemodialysis; nutrition in renal disease; vascular access; vitamin D
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Valeria Cernaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: antioxidant; clinical nephrology; chronic kidney disease; hemodialysis; blood pressure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Guido Gembillo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: clinical nephrology; chronic kidney disease; glomerulonephritis; diabetic kidney disease; hypertension; thrombotic microangiopathies; renal tubular acidosis; acute kidney injury; dialysis; vitamin D; vascular access
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined by the presence of abnormalities in kidney structure and/or function for at least three months. A decline in renal function tends to progress towards end-stage renal disease in many patients, with timings and modalities that vary according to the underlying causes and concomitant diseases as well as lifestyles and diets. 

Nutritional therapy has a fundamental role in the prevention of CKD progression. In particular, a low-protein diet has been demonstrated to reduce hyperfiltration in the residual functioning nephrons and proteinuria. A proper dietary regimen also contributes to preventing and/or controlling signs, symptoms, and complications of CKD, including sodium and fluid retention, arterial hypertension, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and metabolic acidosis, simultaneously avoiding protein–caloric malnutrition. Several dietary regimens have been proposed for this purpose, but the most successful diet plan with which to control CKD progression is still a matter of debate. 

This Special Issue is open for original articles and reviews focusing on nutrition and metabolism in patients with CKD on both conservative and dialysis treatments. The aim is to examine the current state of research and propose potential advances in knowledge to ameliorate the management and improve the clinical outcomes of CKD patients. 

Prof. Dr. Domenico Santoro
Dr. Valeria Cernaro
Dr. Guido Gembillo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • low-protein diet
  • chronic kidney disease
  • metabolic acidosis
  • hyperphosphatemia
  • arterial hypertension
  • hyperkalemia
  • malnutrition–inflammation complex syndrome

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 989 KiB  
Article
Serum Phosphate Levels Modify the Impact of FGF23 Levels on Hemoglobin in Chronic Kidney Disease
by Juan F. Navarro-González, Carmen Mora-Fernández, Juan Miguel Diaz-Tocados, Milica Bozic, Marcelino Bermúdez-López, Marisa Martín and Jose Manuel Valdivielso
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4842; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224842 - 16 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1518
Abstract
Anemia is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Phosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) have a close relationship, as both are related to the pathogenesis of anemia. However, the possible interplay between them regarding their effect on anemia has not been evaluated. [...] Read more.
Anemia is a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Phosphate and fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) have a close relationship, as both are related to the pathogenesis of anemia. However, the possible interplay between them regarding their effect on anemia has not been evaluated. This was a cross-sectional study of 896 participants from the NEFRONA study (273 CKD3, 246 CKD4-5, 282 dialysis and 95 controls). The levels of 25(OH) and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D, intact FGF23 (iFGF23) and soluble Klotho were measured, together with standard blood biochemistries. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels < 13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women. Patients with anemia (407, 45.4%) were younger, mostly men and diabetic; were in advanced CKD stages; had lower calcium, 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D and albumin levels; and had higher ferritin, phosphate, intact PTH, and iFGF23. An inverse correlation was observed between hemoglobin and both iFGF23 and phosphate. The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the adjusted risk of anemia was independently associated with higher serum phosphate and LogiFGF23 levels (ORs (95% CIs) of 4.33 (2.11–8.90) and 8.75 (3.17–24.2), respectively (p < 0.001)). A significant interaction between phosphate and iFGF23 (OR of 0.66 (0.53–0.83), p < 0.001) showed that the rise in the adjusted predicted risk of anemia with the increase in iFGF23 was steeper when phosphate levels were low. Phosphate levels acted as modifiers of the effect of iFGF23 concentration on anemia. Thus, the effect of the increase in iFGF23 levels was stronger when phosphate levels were low. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Metabolism in Kidney Diseases)
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Review

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16 pages, 1313 KiB  
Review
Phosphate Control in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Issues, Solutions, and Open Questions
by Valeria Cernaro, Michela Calderone, Guido Gembillo, Vincenzo Calabrese, Chiara Casuscelli, Claudia Lo Re, Elisa Longhitano and Domenico Santoro
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3161; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143161 - 16 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2289
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is a common complication in advanced chronic kidney disease and contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The present narrative review focuses on the management of phosphatemia in uremic patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. These patients frequently develop hyperphosphatemia since phosphate anion behaves as [...] Read more.
Hyperphosphatemia is a common complication in advanced chronic kidney disease and contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The present narrative review focuses on the management of phosphatemia in uremic patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. These patients frequently develop hyperphosphatemia since phosphate anion behaves as a middle-size molecule despite its low molecular weight. Accordingly, patient transporter characteristics and peritoneal dialysis modalities and prescriptions remarkably influence serum phosphate control. Given that phosphate peritoneal removal is often insufficient, especially in lower transporters, patients are often prescribed phosphate binders whose use in peritoneal dialysis is primarily based on clinical trials conducted in hemodialysis because very few studies have been performed solely in peritoneal dialysis populations. A crucial role in phosphate control among peritoneal dialysis patients is played by diet, which must help in reducing phosphorous intake while preventing malnutrition. Moreover, residual renal function, which is preserved in most peritoneal dialysis patients, significantly contributes to maintaining phosphate balance. The inadequate serum phosphate control observed in many patients on peritoneal dialysis highlights the need for large and well-designed clinical trials including exclusively peritoneal dialysis patients to evaluate the effects of a multiple therapeutic approach on serum phosphate control and on hard clinical outcomes in this high-risk population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Metabolism in Kidney Diseases)
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18 pages, 1237 KiB  
Review
Effect of Curcumin Consumption on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Literature Review
by Javiera D’andurain, Vanessa López, Migdalia Arazo-Rusindo, Caterina Tiscornia, Valeria Aicardi, Layla Simón and María Salomé Mariotti-Celis
Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2239; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102239 - 09 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2194
Abstract
Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages lead to exacerbated inflammation and oxidative stress. Patients with CKD in stage 5 need renal hemodialysis (HD) to remove toxins and waste products. However, this renal replacement therapy is inefficient in controlling inflammation. Regular curcumin consumption has [...] Read more.
Advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages lead to exacerbated inflammation and oxidative stress. Patients with CKD in stage 5 need renal hemodialysis (HD) to remove toxins and waste products. However, this renal replacement therapy is inefficient in controlling inflammation. Regular curcumin consumption has been shown to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in subjects with chronic pathologies, suggesting that the daily intake of curcumin may alleviate these conditions in HD patients. This review analyzes the available scientific evidence regarding the effect of curcumin intake on oxidative stress and inflammation in HD patients, focusing on the mechanisms and consequences of HD and curcumin consumption. The inclusion of curcumin as a dietary therapeutic supplement in HD patients has shown to control the inflammation status. However, the optimal dose and oral vehicle for curcumin administration are yet to be determined. It is important to consider studies on curcumin bioaccessibility to design effective oral administration vehicles. This information will contribute to the achievement of future nutritional interventions that validate the efficacy of curcumin supplementation as part of diet therapy in HD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Metabolism in Kidney Diseases)
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