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Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: New Molecular Mechanisms and Nutritional Therapeutic Challenges

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2024 | Viewed by 6494

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dominique Delmas

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Guest Editor

1. Inserm Research Center UMR1231 "Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer", Université de Bourgogne, 7 Blvd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
2. Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Georges-François Leclerc Center, 21000 Dijon, France
Interests: polyhenols; flavonoids; degenerative age-related diseases; inflammation; cancers; chemosensitization; lipid metabolism
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Dr. Virginie Aires

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Guest Editor

Inserm Research Center UMR1231 "Lipids, Nutrition, Cancer", Université de Bourgogne, 7 Blvd Jeanne d’Arc, 21000 Dijon, France
Interests: lipid metabolism; cancers; chemoresistance; inflammation; bioactive molecules; degenerative diseases; age-related diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Among the molecules that have aroused great interest in the scientific community, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are of particular importance in terms of both nutrition and health. It has been clearly established that PUFAs, of natural or industrial origin, constitute aggravating or protective factors in various diseases (cardiovascular, cancer, inflammatory, etc.) and age-related processes. In this evolving scientific context, knowledge regarding the link between PUFAs and health is rapidly advancing. This Special Issue aims to cover areas related to the biosynthesis and distribution of PUFAs, their bioavailability and their health benefits, both in the field of nutritional prevention and in the therapeutic field. Specifically, this Special Issue will highlight newly discovered biological mechanisms of PUFAs and their derivatives in various pathologies, along with their potential applications. We invite authors to contribute original articles, as well as review articles, that provide the readers of Nutrients with novel and updated perspectives on PUFAs and their derivatives. We hope that this Special Issue will inspire new interest in the fields of preventive nutrition and therapeutic strategies for health.

Prof. Dr. Dominique Delmas
Dr. Virginie Aires
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

polyunsaturated fatty acids
omega-3
nutrition
prevention
therapeutic strategies

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 2826 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synbiotic Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 and n-3 PUFA Salt Composition Elevates Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Levels in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study

by Bodo Speckmann, Tanja Wagner, Paul M. Jordan, Oliver Werz, Manfred Wilhelm, Heike tom Dieck and Christiane Schön

Nutrients 2024, 16(9), 1354; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16091354 - 30 Apr 2024

Viewed by 764

Abstract

Beneficial health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are partly attributed to specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which promote inflammation resolution. Strategies to improve n-3 PUFA conversion to SPMs may, therefore, be useful to treat or prevent chronic inflammatory disorders. Here, we explored a synbiotic strategy to increase circulating SPM precursor levels. Healthy participants (n = 72) received either SynΩ3 (250 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) lysine salts; two billion CFU Bacillus megaterium; n = 23), placebo (n = 24), or fish oil (300 mg EPA plus DHA; N = 25) capsules daily for 28 days in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled parallel 3-group design. Biomarkers were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 28 days of intervention. The primary analysis involved the comparison between SynΩ3 and placebo. In addition, SynΩ3 was compared to fish oil. The synbiotic SynΩ3 comprising Bacillus megaterium DSM 32963 and n-3 PUFA salts significantly increased circulating SPM precursor levels, including 18-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid (18-HEPE) plus 5-HEPE, which was not achieved to this extent by fish oil with a similar n-3 PUFA content. Omega-3 indices were increased slightly by both SynΩ3 and fish oil. These findings suggest reconsidering conventional n-3 PUFA supplementation and testing the effectiveness of SynΩ3 particularly in conditions related to inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: New Molecular Mechanisms and Nutritional Therapeutic Challenges)

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22 pages, 13911 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low-Dose Dietary Fish Oil Improves RBC Deformability without Improving Post-Transfusion Recovery in Mice

by Christopher Y. Kim, Hannah J. Larsen, Steven L. Spitalnik, Eldad A. Hod, Richard O. Francis, Krystalyn E. Hudson, Dominique E. Gordy, Elizabeth F. Stone, Sandy Peltier, Pascal Amireault, Angelo D’Alessandro, James C. Zimring, Paul W. Buehler, Xiaoyun Fu and Tiffany Thomas

Nutrients 2023, 15(20), 4456; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15204456 - 20 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1056

Abstract

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are important modulators of red blood cell (RBC) rheology. Dietary LC-PUFAs are readily incorporated into the RBC membrane, improving RBC deformability, fluidity, and hydration. Female C57BL/6J mice consumed diets containing increasing amounts of fish oil (FO) ad libitum for 8 weeks. RBC deformability, filterability, and post-transfusion recovery (PTR) were evaluated before and after cold storage. Lipidomics and lipid peroxidation markers were evaluated in fresh and stored RBCs. High-dose dietary FO (50%, 100%) was associated with a reduction in RBC quality (i.e., in vivo lifespan, deformability, lipid peroxidation) along with a reduced 24 h PTR after cold storage. Low-dose dietary FO (6.25–12.5%) improved the filterability of fresh RBCs and reduced the lipid peroxidation of cold-stored RBCs. Although low doses of FO improved RBC deformability and reduced oxidative stress, no improvement was observed for the PTR of stored RBCs. The improvement in RBC deformability observed with low-dose FO supplementation could potentially benefit endurance athletes and patients with conditions resulting from reduced perfusion, such as peripheral vascular disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: New Molecular Mechanisms and Nutritional Therapeutic Challenges)

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20 pages, 4324 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Linoleic Acid Induced Changes in SZ95 Sebocytes—Comparison with Palmitic Acid and Arachidonic Acid

by Dóra Kovács, Emanuela Camera, Szilárd Póliska, Alessia Cavallo, Miriam Maiellaro, Katalin Dull, Florian Gruber, Christos C. Zouboulis, Andrea Szegedi and Dániel Törőcsik

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3315; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153315 - 26 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1677

Abstract

Linoleic acid (LA) is an essential omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derived from the diet. Sebocytes, whose primary role is to moisturise the skin, process free fatty acids (FFAs) to produce the lipid-rich sebum. Importantly, like other sebum components such as palmitic acid (PA), LA and its derivative arachidonic acid (AA) are known to modulate sebocyte functions. Given the different roles of PA, LA and AA in skin biology, the aim of this study was to assess the specificity of sebocytes for LA and to dissect the different roles of LA and AA in regulating sebocyte functions. Using RNA sequencing, we confirmed that gene expression changes in LA-treated sebocytes were largely distinct from those induced by PA. LA, but not AA, regulated the expression of genes related to cholesterol biosynthesis, androgen and nuclear receptor signalling, keratinisation, lipid homeostasis and differentiation. In contrast, a set of mostly down-regulated genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune functions overlapped in LA- and AA-treated sebocytes. Lipidomic analyses revealed that the changes in the lipid profile of LA-treated sebocytes were more pronounced than those of AA-treated sebocytes, suggesting that LA may serve not only as a precursor of AA but also as a potent regulator of sebaceous lipogenesis, which may not only influence the gene expression profile but also have further specific biological relevance. In conclusion, we have shown that sebocytes are able to respond selectively to different lipid stimuli and that LA-induced effects can be both AA-dependent and independent. Our findings allow for the consideration of LA application in the therapy of sebaceous gland-associated inflammatory skin diseases such as acne, where lipid modulation and selective targeting of AA metabolism are potential treatment options. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: New Molecular Mechanisms and Nutritional Therapeutic Challenges)

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Review

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19 pages, 1015 KiB

Open AccessReview

Variability in the Clinical Effects of the Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids DHA and EPA in Cardiovascular Disease—Possible Causes and Future Considerations

by Charalambos Michaeloudes, Stephanos Christodoulides, Panayiota Christodoulou, Theodora-Christina Kyriakou, Ioannis Patrikios and Anastasis Stephanou

Nutrients 2023, 15(22), 4830; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15224830 - 18 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2730

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) that includes myocardial infarction and stroke, is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the primary underlying cause of CVD, can be controlled by pharmacological and dietary interventions, including n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. n-3 PUFA supplementation, primarily consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has shown promise in reducing atherosclerosis by modulating risk factors, including triglyceride levels and vascular inflammation. n-3 PUFAs act by replacing pro-inflammatory fatty acid types in cell membranes and plasma lipids, by regulating transcription factor activity, and by inducing epigenetic changes. EPA and DHA regulate cellular function through shared and differential molecular mechanisms. Large clinical studies on n-3 PUFAs have reported conflicting findings, causing confusion among the public and health professionals. In this review, we discuss important factors leading to these inconsistencies, in the context of atherosclerosis, including clinical study design and the differential effects of EPA and DHA on cell function. We propose steps to improve clinical and basic experimental study design in order to improve supplement composition optimization. Finally, we propose that understanding the factors underlying the poor response to n-3 PUFAs, and the development of molecular biomarkers for predicting response may help towards a more personalized treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: New Molecular Mechanisms and Nutritional Therapeutic Challenges)

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