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Methods on Sport Biomechanics
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Methods on Sport Biomechanics

A special issue of Methods and Protocols (ISSN 2409-9279).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2025 | Viewed by 6403

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Didier Pradon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Pôle Parasport Santé, CHU Raymond Poincaré, APHP, 92380 Garches, France
2. ISPC Synergies, 75008 Paris, France
3. UMR 1179 END-ICAP, UVSQ, 78000 Versailles, France
Interests: biomechanics; sport biomechanics; gait; sports injuries; biomedical engineering; sports medicine; 3D motion analysis; movement analysis; kinematic
Dr. Jean Slawinski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
EA 7370 Laboratoire SEP, INSEP, 75012 Paris, France
Interests: physiology; sport biomechanics; sports injuries; sports medicine; sport engineering; movement analysis; kinematic; sprint
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fabien Leboeuf

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Service de Médecine Physique et Réadapatation Locomotrice et Respiratoire, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France
2. Movement-Interactions-Performance (MIP), EA 4334, CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, 44000 Nantes, France
3. School of Health & Society, The University of Salford, Salford M6 6PU, UK
Interests: biomechanics; sport biomechanics; gait; biomedical engineering; sports medicine; 3D motion analysis; movement analysis; kinematic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the field of competitive or recreational sport, innovation is often the result of research in the fields of biomechanics and physiology. In research, innovating requires sharing our successes and failures so that each of us can realize our ideas. For this, sharing knowledge of evaluation protocols and quantification methods is essential.

In biomechanics applied to sport, there are many areas where there is still no consensus. We hope that this Special Issue will be a space where you can express your research that may be consensus proposals but also be in agreement or not with the already existing consensus. This Olympic and Paralympic year has allowed numerous teams in the field of engineering and sport to support athletes and sports staff. Other teams were also able to take advantage of this Olympic and Paralympic spotlight to work on leisure sport issues. We have no doubt that your work can allow many teams to save time through the choices and non-choices you have made.

This Special Issue will focus on methods and protocols applied to the field of competitive and leisure sport using biomechanical approaches.

Dr. Didier Pradon
Dr. Jean Slawinski
Dr. Fabien Leboeuf
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Methods and Protocols is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sports
  • biomechanics
  • methods

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 890 KiB  
Communication
Validity of a New Portable Sensor to Measure Velocity-Based Resistance Training
by Alejandro Justo-Álvarez, Juan García-López, Rafael Sabido and Adrián García-Valverde
Methods Protoc. 2025, 8(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/mps8010009 (registering DOI) - 20 Jan 2025
Viewed by 225
Abstract
This study evaluated the concurrent validity of the Vitruve linear encoder compared to the T-Force device for measuring mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) during the free-weight bench press exercise. Thirteen resistance-trained men participated in three sessions, during which MPV and [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the concurrent validity of the Vitruve linear encoder compared to the T-Force device for measuring mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) during the free-weight bench press exercise. Thirteen resistance-trained men participated in three sessions, during which MPV and PV were recorded simultaneously by both devices. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, Bland–Altman analysis, and effect size calculations, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The results showed discrepancies between the Vitruve and T-Force devices across different intensity levels. Specifically, the Vitruve device generally reported higher MPV and lower PV values, particularly at moderate and low intensities. Vitruve was deemed useful for MPV measurements, especially at velocities below 0.65 m/s during free-weight bench press exercises. In conclusion, the Vitruve device overestimated MPV and underestimated PV at moderate and low loads (>0.65 m·s−1), with the discrepancies increasing as velocity rose. It can provide valuable data for monitoring and assessing resistance training programs focused on MPV at heavier loads (<0.65 m·s−1). Researchers and practitioners should take these findings into account when incorporating the Vitruve into velocity-based strength training protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methods on Sport Biomechanics)
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10 pages, 2003 KiB  
Article
The Measurement of Spatiotemporal Parameters in Running at Different Velocities: A Comparison Between a GPS Unit and an Infrared Mat
by Thomas Provot, Benjamin Millot, Eline Hazotte, Thomas Rousseau and Jean Slawinski
Methods Protoc. 2024, 7(6), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/mps7060103 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 542
Abstract
The accurate measurement of spatiotemporal parameters, such as step length and step frequency, is crucial for analyzing running and sprinting performance. Traditional methods like video analysis and force platforms are either time consuming or limited in scope, prompting the need for more efficient [...] Read more.
The accurate measurement of spatiotemporal parameters, such as step length and step frequency, is crucial for analyzing running and sprinting performance. Traditional methods like video analysis and force platforms are either time consuming or limited in scope, prompting the need for more efficient technologies. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a commercial Global Positioning System (GPS) unit integrated with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) in capturing these parameters during sprints at varying velocities. Five experienced male runners performed six 40 m sprints at three velocity conditions (S: Slow, M: Medium, F: Fast) while equipped with a GPS-IMU system and an optical system as the gold standard reference. A total of 398 steps were analyzed for this study. Step frequency, step length and step velocity were extracted and compared using statistical methods, including the coefficient of determination (r2) and root mean square error (RMSE). Results indicated a very large agreement between the embedded system and the reference system, for the step frequency (r2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.14 Hz), for the step length (r2 = 0.91, RMSE = 0.07 m) and the step velocity (r2 = 0.99, RMSE = 0.17 m/s). The GPS-IMU system accurately measured spatiotemporal parameters across different running velocities, demonstrating low relative errors and high precision. This study demonstrates that GPS-IMU systems can provide comprehensive spatiotemporal data, making them valuable for both training and competition. The integration of these technologies offers practical benefits, helping coaches better understand and enhance running performance. Future improvements in sample rate acquisition GPS-IMU technology could further increase measurement accuracy and expand its application in elite sports. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methods on Sport Biomechanics)
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12 pages, 2272 KiB  
Article
Activity Identification, Classification, and Representation of Wheelchair Sport Court Tasks: A Method Proposal
by Mathieu Deves, Christophe Sauret, Ilona Alberca, Lorian Honnorat, Yoann Poulet, Arnaud Hays and Arnaud Faupin
Methods Protoc. 2024, 7(5), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/mps7050084 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1016
Abstract
Background: Monitoring player mobility in wheelchair sports is crucial for helping coaches understand activity dynamics and optimize training programs. However, the lack of data from monitoring tools, combined with a lack of standardized processing approaches and ineffective data presentation, limits their usability outside [...] Read more.
Background: Monitoring player mobility in wheelchair sports is crucial for helping coaches understand activity dynamics and optimize training programs. However, the lack of data from monitoring tools, combined with a lack of standardized processing approaches and ineffective data presentation, limits their usability outside of research teams. To address these issues, this study aimed to propose a simple and efficient algorithm for identifying locomotor tasks (static, forward/backward propulsion, pivot/tight/wide rotation) during wheelchair movements, utilizing kinematic data from standard wheelchair mobility tests. Methods: Each participant’s wheelchair was equipped with inertial measurement units—two on the wheel axes and one on the frame. A total of 36 wheelchair tennis and badminton players completed at least one of three proposed tests: the star test, the figure-of-eight test, and the forward/backward test. Locomotor tasks were identified using a five-step procedure involving data reduction, symbolic approximation, and logical pattern searching. Results: This method successfully identified 99% of locomotor tasks for the star test, 95% for the figure-of-eight test, and 100% for the forward/backward test. Conclusion: The proposed method offers a valuable tool for the simple and clear identification and representation of locomotor tasks over extended periods. Future research should focus on applying this method to wheelchair court sports matches and daily life scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methods on Sport Biomechanics)
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15 pages, 1020 KiB  
Article
Pole Dancing-Specific Muscle Strength: Development and Reliability of a Novel Assessment Protocol
by Despoina Ignatoglou, Achilleas Paliouras, Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos, Nikolaos Strimpakos, Paraskevi Bilika, Maria Papandreou and Eleni Kapreli
Methods Protoc. 2024, 7(3), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/mps7030044 - 18 May 2024
Viewed by 3662
Abstract
Background: Pole dancing is a physically demanding sport that combines dance and acrobatic movements on a vertical pole. Despite its highly growing popularity, there is currently limited research in the field. The aim of this study was to create and evaluate a strength [...] Read more.
Background: Pole dancing is a physically demanding sport that combines dance and acrobatic movements on a vertical pole. Despite its highly growing popularity, there is currently limited research in the field. The aim of this study was to create and evaluate a strength assessment protocol for athletes in pole dancing, with a specific focus on functional positions on the pole. Methods: Thirty-two female pole dancing athletes participated in this study. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) were measured at three different sport-specific positions on the pole (shoulder abduction and adduction, and hip adduction), on two separate days (test and re-test) with a five to seven day interval between them. A hand-held dynamometer (Activ5- Activbody) stabilized on the pole was used for this study. Results: The intra-session reliability was good to excellent for all sports-specific positions and for both sides of the body, across all different movements (ICC = 0.837–0.960, SEM = 5.02 Kg–2.24 Kg, and SDD = 27.46%–14.92%). Slightly better results were found regarding inter-session reliability (ICC = 0.927–0.970, SEM = 3.72 Kg–1.97 Kg, and SDD = 22.86%–15.19%). There was not a statistically significant difference between the MVICs between the left and right or dominant and non-dominant side in shoulder abduction (p = 0.105) and hip adduction (p = 0.282), in contrast to shoulder adduction (p = 0.00). Conclusion: The strength assessment protocol developed in the current study has proven to be a reliable and functional tool, with the potential for utilization in clinical practice as part of objective strength testing. Further studies are needed in order to expand the protocol to other muscle groups and positions and to generalize the results in all pole dancing populations such as male athletes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Methods on Sport Biomechanics)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Skating through a doorway provokes kinematic strategy amongst people living with Parkinson disease
Authors: Mercier, Doan, Steinke, de Bruin
Affiliation: University of Lethbridge
Abstract: /

Title: Validity of a new portable sensor to measure velocity-based resistance training
Authors: Alejandro Justo-Álvarez; Juan García-López; Rafael Sabido; Adrián García-Valverde
Affiliation: Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León
Abstract: This study evaluated the concurrent validity of the Vitruve linear encoder compared to the T-Force device for measuring mean propulsive velocity (MPV) and peak velocity (PV) during the free-weight bench exercise. Twelve resistance-trained men participated in three sessions, during which MPV and PV were recorded sim-ultaneously by both devices. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Bland-Altman analysis, and effect size calculations, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. The results showed discrepancies between the Vitruve and T-Force devices across different intensity levels. Specifically, the Vitruve device generally reported higher MPV and lower PV values, particularly at moderate and low in-tensities. Vitruve was deemed useful for MPV measurements, especially at velocities below 0.65 m/s during free-weight bench press exercises. In conclusion, the Vitruve device overestimated MPV and underestimated PV at moderate and low loads (> 0.65 m·s⁻¹), with the discrepancies increasing as velocity rose. It can provide valuable data for monitoring and assessing resistance training programs focused on MPV at heavier loads (< 0.65 m·s⁻¹). Researchers and practitioners should take these findings into account when incorporating the Vi-truve into velocity-based strength training protocols.

Title: Validation Protocol for an Instrumented Wheel: Comparison with a Dual-Roller Handrim Wheelchair Ergometer
Authors: Safiya Noury; Arnaud Faupin; Nolwenn Poquerusse; Opale Vigié; Ilona Alberca; Lorian Honnorat; Mathieu Deves; Justin Regnaud; Arnaud Hays
Affiliation: Laboratoire J-AP2S, Université de Toulon, France
Abstract: Measuring the propulsion performance of sports wheelchairs in ecological condi-tions remains complex due to variations inherent in real-world practice. This study aims to develop a validation protocol for an instrumented wheel designed to measure propulsion power under ecological conditions. The wheel's precision was compared to that of the Lode Esseda roller ergometer, the gold standard for measuring the force ex-erted on both the left and right hands. Tests were conducted at three speeds (1, 2, and 3 m/s) on a multisport wheelchair. Results show a strong correlation between the two systems, confirmed by a repeated-measures ANOVA test (p>0.05) and a root mean square error (RMSE < 5%). Bland-Altman plots reveal good agreement despite dis-crepancies observed at high speeds, potentially due to mechanical limits or human ef-fects. The proposed protocol validates the instrumented wheel and highlights the im-portance of multi-speed evaluation to ensure reliable measurements in ecological con-ditions.

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