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New Methods and Technologies for Mineral Geological and Geophysical Exploration...
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New Methods and Technologies for Mineral Geological and Geophysical Exploration in China, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Exploration Methods and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 November 2024) | Viewed by 4933

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Guoqiang Xue

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: mineral electromagnetic exploration; near-source electromagnetic method; data inversion; semi-airborne electromagnetic survey
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nannan Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: geophysical and geological exploration; magmatic Cu-Ni-Co deposits; critical mineral resources; ore-controlled structure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Weiying Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: geophysical modeling; mineral exploration; data inversion; geological interpretation; ore-related/barren rock
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Xin Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: airborne/semi-airborne electromagentic survey; geophysical instrument development; geological model construction; remote sensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The sustainable development of China’s social economy is facing pressure from resource shortages, with an external dependence on copper, iron, and potassium reaching 60–85%. As mineral development progresses, shallow resources are significantly reduced, and the potential of many mines is insufficient, becoming a bottleneck restricting China’s economic development.

Geophysics is an important means of perceiving deep-underground targets. Deep geophysical exploration is mainly based on two methods: acoustic wave-based methods, such as seismic exploration (similar to performing a B-ultrasound for the Earth), and electromagnetic wave-based methods, like electromagnetic exploration (similar to a CT for the Earth). Taking the latter as an example, these methods play an important role in the analysis of deep structures and mineral resources (crustal and ore-field structures, tracing of regional ore-forming fluids, research on characteristic mineralization and continental geodynamics, investigation of underground water sources, and exploration of the geological environment) and in oil exploration (research on unconventional natural gas accumulation dynamics and the exploration of concealed deposits and deep oil and gas reservoirs).

Engineering investigations and works from other fields have made important contributions.

With the development of deep exploration in China, carrying out research on new theories, methods, and technologies of geophysical exploration is of great significance for ensuring the safe supply of mineral resources and promoting the sustainable development of the national economy.

We have previously organized the first edition of this Special Issue, successfully publishing 13 articles whose results received a positive social response. Therefore, we are setting up a second edition focusing on the latest research results in new deep exploration technology, artificial intelligence, multi-method joint exploration or inversion, and equipment technology, among other aspects. To ensure that only the latest credible developments in mineral geological and geophysical exploration are presented, we will strictly control the quality of the papers submitted for consideration.

Prof. Dr. Guoqiang Xue
Dr. Nannan Zhou
Dr. Weiying Chen
Dr. Xin Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electromagnetic exploration
  • mineral deposit
  • new methods
  • deep detection
  • seismic exploration
  • ore body
  • instrument development
  • review of the EM method
  • gravitational magnetic exploration

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 21231 KiB  
Article
The Application of the Supervised Descent Method in the Inversion of 3D Direct Current Resistivity Data
by Tingli Wan, Tonglin Li, Xinze Kang and Rongzhe Zhang
Minerals 2024, 14(11), 1095; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14111095 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 769
Abstract
Three-dimensional direct current resistivity inversion is vital for mineral exploration, offering detailed electrical property distribution data of subsurface resources. To overcome the traditional algorithm’s reliance on initial models, its tendency to become stuck in local optima, and its low inversion resolution, this paper [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional direct current resistivity inversion is vital for mineral exploration, offering detailed electrical property distribution data of subsurface resources. To overcome the traditional algorithm’s reliance on initial models, its tendency to become stuck in local optima, and its low inversion resolution, this paper introduces an SDM-based 3D direct current resistivity inversion method. The Supervised Descent Method (SDM) is primarily used to solve optimization problems in nonlinear least squares, effectively capturing subsurface structural details and identifying electrical anomalies through the integration of machine learning and gradient descent techniques, thereby precisely revealing the complex electrical characteristics underground. Moreover, this study incorporates smooth regularization to enhance the stability and reliability of the inversion results. The paper demonstrates the feasibility and generalization of the SDM in 3D resistivity inversion through two sets of model calculations. A comparative analysis with traditional methods further proves the advantages of the SDM algorithm in improving inversion resolution and efficiency. Finally, applying the SDM algorithm to the Xiagalaoyi River mining area in Heilongjiang Province fully proves its optimized data processing capabilities and sensitivity to complex geological structures, providing a more precise and rapid technical approach for mineral resource exploration and assessment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methods and Technologies for Mineral Geological and Geophysical Exploration in China, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 5908 KiB  
Article
Subsurface Faults and Magma Controls on the Jinchuan Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit: Constraints from Magnetotelluric Data
by Chutong Chen, Junjie Fan, Huilong Liu, Chang’an Guo, Lingxiao Zhang, Weiheng Yuan, Guicai Yang, Bin Wang, Yinglei Zhang, Yangming Li and Kunpeng Wang
Minerals 2024, 14(11), 1080; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14111080 - 27 Oct 2024
Viewed by 984
Abstract
The Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the Longshoushan terrane is among the world’s largest magmatic sulfide deposits. This study uses magnetotelluric (MT) survey data imaging combined with previous geophysical data to investigate Segment III of the deposit. The image of MT data reveals [...] Read more.
The Jinchuan Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the Longshoushan terrane is among the world’s largest magmatic sulfide deposits. This study uses magnetotelluric (MT) survey data imaging combined with previous geophysical data to investigate Segment III of the deposit. The image of MT data reveals a significant low-resistivity anomaly ~200 m beneath Segment III, aligning with known ore bodies, and an additional anomaly to the north, indicating further exploration potential. These findings highlight the deep-seated intrusions and their connection to surface mineralization, emphasizing the critical role of ultramafic rock encapsulation and fault-controlled morphology in ore body formation. The newly identified northern anomaly, resembling the Segment III ore bodies, suggests a promising target for future exploration. Integrating MT surveys with other geophysical methods enhances the understanding of subsurface structures and mineralization, providing a robust framework for discovering concealed mineral deposits and improving exploration efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methods and Technologies for Mineral Geological and Geophysical Exploration in China, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 20585 KiB  
Article
A Comprehensive Geophysical Exploration of Sedimentary Exhalative Deposits: An Example from the Huaniushan Lead–Zinc–Silver Polymetallic Deposit in Gansu, China
by Shunji Wang, Guanwen Gu, Ye Wu, Xingguo Niu, Lin Zhu, Zhihe Xu, Haoyuan He, Yingjie Wang, Xinglong Lin and Lai Cao
Minerals 2024, 14(11), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14111066 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1066
Abstract
The Huaniushan lead–zinc–silver deposit is a hydrothermal sedimentary exhalative deposit (SEDEX), and the mining area has complex geological conditions, with the main tectonic structure being the Huaheitan–Shuangfengshan Fault (F3), which controls the distribution of strata and magmatic rocks. Since the discovery [...] Read more.
The Huaniushan lead–zinc–silver deposit is a hydrothermal sedimentary exhalative deposit (SEDEX), and the mining area has complex geological conditions, with the main tectonic structure being the Huaheitan–Shuangfengshan Fault (F3), which controls the distribution of strata and magmatic rocks. Since the discovery of the Huaniushan lead–zinc–silver deposit, diverse interpretations of its genesis and metallogeny have been proposed, making it challenging to establish a definitive geological explanation. Moreover, using a single geophysical exploration method relies on limited rock physical parameters, making it difficult to effectively characterize underground structures. The combined use of multiple geophysical methods can effectively integrate the geophysical characteristics of different rock physical parameters, reducing the multiplicity and uncertainty of the inverse interpretation of geophysical data. The comprehensive interpretation of three-dimensional inversion based on various geophysical data, the construction of geological–geophysical models on geological grounds, the establishment of hidden ore exploration and positioning, and the rapid evaluation of geophysical technological systems are the current research trends in mineral exploration. In light of this, in this study, we conducted research on the three-dimensional inversion interpretation of gravity and magnetoelectric exploration data of the Huaniushan sedimentary exhalative lead–zinc–silver polymetallic deposit and constructed a three-dimensional geological–geophysical model of the study area based on the obtained three-dimensional physical structure of the underground density, magnetization intensity, resistivity, and polarizability of the study area, in combination with related geological and drilling hole data. Finally, we comprehensively interpreted the favorable mineralization sites in the study area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methods and Technologies for Mineral Geological and Geophysical Exploration in China, 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 10417 KiB  
Article
Joint Inversion of DC Resistivity and Gravity Data with Undulating Terrain Based on Deformed Hexahedral Mesh
by Peng Sun, Tonglin Li, Rongzhe Zhang, Hetian Yang, Haoyuan He, Xinze Kang and Xianghao Liu
Minerals 2024, 14(10), 1012; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14101012 - 7 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1108
Abstract
In the field of mineral resource exploration, accurate imaging of subsurface structures is key to discovering and assessing potential mineral deposits. Traditional single geophysical methods, limited by terrain variations and their own constraints, can lead to divergent solutions and structural inconsistencies, affecting the [...] Read more.
In the field of mineral resource exploration, accurate imaging of subsurface structures is key to discovering and assessing potential mineral deposits. Traditional single geophysical methods, limited by terrain variations and their own constraints, can lead to divergent solutions and structural inconsistencies, affecting the reliability of exploration outcomes. To address these challenges, this paper presents a joint inversion method for three-dimensional direct current (DC) resistivity and gravity data based on a deformed hexahedral mesh. The article begins by outlining the current state of development of the method under study and proposes a research plan, followed by a detailed explanation of the theoretical basis and algorithmic implementation of the proposed method. Model tests confirm the advantages of the deformed hexahedral mesh in reducing terrain impacts and enhancing model resolution, demonstrating the optimization and complementarity of the resolution between the two methods after joint inversion. Finally, applying this method to actual data from the Huaniu Mountain area shows that joint inversion not only improves the consistency of the ore belt structure but also provides a more precise analysis for the quantitative interpretation of the distribution of underground mineral resources. This confirms the method’s effectiveness and potential in practical geological exploration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Methods and Technologies for Mineral Geological and Geophysical Exploration in China, 2nd Edition)
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