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Micromachines
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Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II
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Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "C：Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2021) | Viewed by 22553

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Takasi Nisisako

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tokyo Institute of Technology, R2-9, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Kanagawa, Japan
Interests: droplet microfluidics; microreactors; microfabrication; particles synthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Naotomo Tottori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu University, W4-729, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
Interests: particles separation; lab on a chip; nanofabrication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microfluidic platforms are increasingly being used to separate a wide variety of particles based on their physical and chemical properties. In the past two decades, many practical applications have been found in the chemical and biological sciences, including single cell analysis, clinical diagnostics, regenerative medicine, nanomaterials synthesis, and environmental monitoring.

For this Special Issue, we invite submissions that report state-of-the art developments in the fields of micro- and nanofluidic separation, fractionation, sorting, and purification of all classes of particles, including, but not limited to, developments in active devices using electric, magnetic, optical, and acoustic forces, passive devices using geometries and hydrodynamic effects at micro/nanoscale, confined and open platforms, label-based and label-free technology, and the separation of bioparticles, including blood cells, circulating tumor cells, live/dead cells, exosomes, and DNA, and non-bioparticles, including polymeric or inorganic micro- and nanoparticles, droplets, and bubbles. Practical devices that demonstrate a capability to solve real-world problems are of particular interest.

Prof. Takasi Nisisako
Dr. Naotomo Tottori
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Microfluidics
  • Nanofluidics
  • Particles separation
  • Lab on a chip
  • Micro total analysis systems

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

2 pages, 171 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for the Special Issue on Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II
by Naotomo Tottori and Takasi Nisisako
Micromachines 2022, 13(3), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13030482 - 20 Mar 2022
Viewed by 1590
Abstract
Particle separation in the nano- to microscale range is a significant step for biological, chemical, and medical analyses [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

9 pages, 1641 KiB  
Article
Microsphere-Based Microfluidic Device for Plasma Separation and Potential Biochemistry Analysis Applications
by Hongyan Xu, Zhangying Wu, Jinan Deng, Jun Qiu, Ning Hu, Lihong Gao and Jun Yang
Micromachines 2021, 12(5), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12050487 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2725
Abstract
The development of a simple, portable, and cost-effective plasma separation platform for blood biochemical analysis is of great interest in clinical diagnostics. We represent a plasma separation microfluidic device using microspheres with different sizes as the separation barrier. This plasma separation device, with [...] Read more.
The development of a simple, portable, and cost-effective plasma separation platform for blood biochemical analysis is of great interest in clinical diagnostics. We represent a plasma separation microfluidic device using microspheres with different sizes as the separation barrier. This plasma separation device, with 18 capillary microchannels, can extract about 3 μL of plasma from a 50 μL blood sample in about 55 min. The effects of evaporation and the microsphere barrier on the plasma biochemical analysis results were studied. Correction factors were applied to compensate for these two effects. The feasibility of the device in plasma biochemical analysis was validated with clinical blood samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II)
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15 pages, 9696 KiB  
Article
Innovative 3D Microfluidic Tools for On-Chip Fluids and Particles Manipulation: From Design to Experimental Validation
by Sofia Zoupanou, Maria Serena Chiriacò, Iolena Tarantini and Francesco Ferrara
Micromachines 2021, 12(2), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12020104 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3065
Abstract
Micromixers are essential components in lab-on-a-chip devices, of which the low efficiency can limit many bio-application studies. Effective mixing with automation capabilities is still a crucial requirement. In this paper, we present a method to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fluidic [...] Read more.
Micromixers are essential components in lab-on-a-chip devices, of which the low efficiency can limit many bio-application studies. Effective mixing with automation capabilities is still a crucial requirement. In this paper, we present a method to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fluidic mixer by combining computer-aided design (CAD), micromilling technology, and experimental application via manipulating fluids and nanoparticles. The entire platform consists of three microfabricated layers with a bottom reservoir-shaped microchannel, a central serpentine channel, and a through-hole for interconnection and an upper layer containing inlets and outlet. The sealing process of the three layers and the high-precision and customizable methods used for fabrication ensure the realization of the monolithic 3D architecture. This provides buried running channels able to perform passive chaotic mixing and dilution functions, thanks to a portion of the pathway in common between the reservoir and serpentine layers. The possibility to plug-and-play micropumping systems allows us to easily demonstrate the feasibility and working features of our device for tracking the mixing and dilution performances of the micromixer by using colored fluids and fluorescent nanoparticles as the proof of concept. Exploiting the good transparency of the PMMA, spatial liquid composition and better control over reaction variables are possible, and the real-time monitoring of experiments under a fluorescence microscope is also allowed. The tools shown in this paper are easily integrable in more complex lab-on-chip platforms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II)
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14 pages, 23914 KiB  
Article
Cell Sorting Using Electrokinetic Deterministic Lateral Displacement
by Bao D. Ho, Jason P. Beech and Jonas O. Tegenfeldt
Micromachines 2021, 12(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12010030 - 30 Dec 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3692
Abstract
We show that by combining deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) with electrokinetics, it is possible to sort cells based on differences in their membrane and/or internal structures. Using heat to deactivate cells, which change their viability and structure, we then demonstrate sorting of a [...] Read more.
We show that by combining deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) with electrokinetics, it is possible to sort cells based on differences in their membrane and/or internal structures. Using heat to deactivate cells, which change their viability and structure, we then demonstrate sorting of a mixture of viable and non-viable cells for two different cell types. For Escherichia coli, the size change due to deactivation is insufficient to allow size-based DLD separation. Our method instead leverages the considerable change in zeta potential to achieve separation at low frequency. Conversely, for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker’s yeast) the heat treatment does not result in any significant change of zeta potential. Instead, we perform the sorting at higher frequency and utilize what we believe is a change in dielectrophoretic mobility for the separation. We expect our work to form a basis for the development of simple, low-cost, continuous label-free methods that can separate cells and bioparticles based on their intrinsic properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II)
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12 pages, 2483 KiB  
Article
Prevention of Microsphere Blockage in Catheter Tubes Using Convex Air Bubbles
by Dong Hyeok Park, Yeun Jung Jung, Sandoz John Kinson Steve Jeo Kins, Young Deok Kim and Jeung Sang Go
Micromachines 2020, 11(12), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121040 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2197
Abstract
This paper presents a novel method to prevent blockages by embolic microspheres in catheter channels by using convex air bubbles attached to the channels’ inner wall surface. The clogging by microspheres can occur by the arching of the microspheres in the catheter. A [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel method to prevent blockages by embolic microspheres in catheter channels by using convex air bubbles attached to the channels’ inner wall surface. The clogging by microspheres can occur by the arching of the microspheres in the catheter. A few studies have been done on reducing the blockage, but their methods are not suitable for use with embolic catheters. In this study, straight catheter channels were fabricated. They had cavities to form convex air bubbles; additionally, a straight channel without the cavities was designed for comparison. Blockage was observed in the straight channel without the cavities, and the blockage arching angle was measured to be 70°, while no blockage occurred in the cavity channel with air bubbles, even at a geometrical arching angle of 85°. The convex air bubbles have an important role in preventing blockages by microspheres. The slip effect on the air bubble surface and the centrifugal effect make the microspheres drift away from the channel wall. It was observed that as the size of the cavity was increased, the drift distance became larger. Additionally, as more convex air bubbles were formed, the amount of early drift to the center increased. It will be advantageous to design a catheter with large cavities that have a small interval between them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II)
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22 pages, 5423 KiB  
Article
Charge-Based Separation of Micro- and Nanoparticles
by Bao D. Ho, Jason P. Beech and Jonas O. Tegenfeldt
Micromachines 2020, 11(11), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11111014 - 18 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4669
Abstract
Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is a label-free particle sorting method that separates by size continuously and with high resolution. By combining DLD with electric fields (eDLD), we show separation of a variety of nano and micro-sized particles primarily by their zeta potential. Zeta [...] Read more.
Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is a label-free particle sorting method that separates by size continuously and with high resolution. By combining DLD with electric fields (eDLD), we show separation of a variety of nano and micro-sized particles primarily by their zeta potential. Zeta potential is an indicator of electrokinetic charge—the charge corresponding to the electric field at the shear plane—an important property of micro- and nanoparticles in colloidal or separation science. We also demonstrate proof of principle of separation of nanoscale liposomes of different lipid compositions, with strong relevance for biomedicine. We perform careful characterization of relevant experimental conditions necessary to obtain adequate sorting of different particle types. By choosing a combination of frequency and amplitude, sorting can be made sensitive to the particle subgroup of interest. The enhanced displacement effect due to electrokinetics is found to be significant at low frequency and for particles with high zeta potential. The effect appears to scale with the square of the voltage, suggesting that it is associated with either non-linear electrokinetics or dielectrophoresis (DEP). However, since we observe large changes in separation behavior over the frequency range at which DEP forces are expected to remain constant, DEP can be ruled out. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II)
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Review

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24 pages, 3690 KiB  
Review
Public-Health-Driven Microfluidic Technologies: From Separation to Detection
by Xiangzhi Zhang, Xiawei Xu, Jing Wang, Chengbo Wang, Yuying Yan, Aiguo Wu and Yong Ren
Micromachines 2021, 12(4), 391; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12040391 - 02 Apr 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3738
Abstract
Separation and detection are ubiquitous in our daily life and they are two of the most important steps toward practical biomedical diagnostics and industrial applications. A deep understanding of working principles and examples of separation and detection enables a plethora of applications from [...] Read more.
Separation and detection are ubiquitous in our daily life and they are two of the most important steps toward practical biomedical diagnostics and industrial applications. A deep understanding of working principles and examples of separation and detection enables a plethora of applications from blood test and air/water quality monitoring to food safety and biosecurity; none of which are irrelevant to public health. Microfluidics can separate and detect various particles/aerosols as well as cells/viruses in a cost-effective and easy-to-operate manner. There are a number of papers reviewing microfluidic separation and detection, but to the best of our knowledge, the two topics are normally reviewed separately. In fact, these two themes are closely related with each other from the perspectives of public health: understanding separation or sorting technique will lead to the development of new detection methods, thereby providing new paths to guide the separation routes. Therefore, the purpose of this review paper is two-fold: reporting the latest developments in the application of microfluidics for separation and outlining the emerging research in microfluidic detection. The dominating microfluidics-based passive separation methods and detection methods are discussed, along with the future perspectives and challenges being discussed. Our work inspires novel development of separation and detection methods for the benefits of public health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Particles Separation in Microfluidic Devices, Volume II)
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