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Metals
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Prequalifying Emergency Welding (Temper Bead Welding)
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Prequalifying Emergency Welding (Temper Bead Welding)

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Welding and Joining".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 12035

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hongtao Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: hybrid welding and arc welding modification technology; ship and underwater welding equipment; precision resistance welding connection technology
Prof. Dr. Yinan Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
Interests: dissimliar alloys joining; bonding; ultrasonics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prequalifying emergency welding (temper bead welding) is a commonly used concept in industry, which aims to deposit the weld bead at the specified position on the weld bead surface to affect the heat-affected zone formed by the previous weld bead and the metallurgical properties of the weld metal. The technology could be applied to emergency repair welding of ships, surface modification of workpieces, variation of interface structure with heat input during dissimilar material bonding, simulation analysis of joint structure change, and temperature field and stress field during multi-layer and multi-channel welding.

In the past 30 years, we have accumulated a lot of experience in research on the efficiency of the welding process of ship steel, the interface of microstructure control of the dissimilar metal connection, and the analysis of the welding thermal process. However, with the increasing requirements for the performance of welded structures, it is necessary to provide new welding technologies to support the needs of industrial development.

In this Special Issue, we invite articles on various aspects of emergency welding prequalification. Articles on interface metallurgy, welding methods, welding numerical simulation, and dissimilar metal connection processes are particularly welcome.

Dr. Hongtao Zhang
Prof. Dr. Yinan Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • welding procedure
  • interfacial microstructure
  • thermal process simulation
  • special welding method
  • welding stress distribution

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4744 KiB  
Article
Arc Characteristics and Welding Process of Laser K-TIG Hybrid Welding
by Hongchang Zhang, Jiang Yu, Zixiao Zhang, Jianguo Gao, Zhaofang Su, Zhaorong Sun and Yinan Li
Metals 2022, 12(7), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12071139 - 3 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2699
Abstract
The Q235 steel plate butt joint was successfully welded by the laser K-TIG hybrid welding method. The effects of hybrid welding process parameters such as welding current, the distance between heat sources, laser power, laser defocusing amount, and welding speed on the coupled [...] Read more.
The Q235 steel plate butt joint was successfully welded by the laser K-TIG hybrid welding method. The effects of hybrid welding process parameters such as welding current, the distance between heat sources, laser power, laser defocusing amount, and welding speed on the coupled arc profile and welding process stability were studied. The results indicated that the laser deflects the K-TIG arc, and the deflection angle becomes smaller as the arc current increases. After K-TIG generates small holes, if the laser beam acts on the bottom of the keyhole, the welded depth can be further increased; however, the laser power has little effect on the welded depth. The distance between heat sources is the main factor affecting the state of laser-arc coupling. Optical microstructures of welded joints showed that the grains in the arc zone were coarser than those in the laser zone, and there are more columnar crystals in the fusion zone. The microhardness of the weld center is significantly higher than that of the base metal, up to 220 HV. At the same time, the change of tensile strength of the weld under the influence of a single parameter was analyzed, and it was found that tensile properties of the weld first increased and then decreased with the increase of K-TIG arc current I, heat source distance D, and welding speed V, respectively. With the increase of laser power P, it first decreased and then increased, and with the increase of laser defocusing amount δf, it showed a downward trend. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prequalifying Emergency Welding (Temper Bead Welding))
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10 pages, 3542 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Multi-Trace and Multilayer Stainless Steel 321
by Xiaoli Wang, Qingxian Hu, Wenkang Liu, Wei Yuan, Xinwang Shen, Fengyin Gao, Douxi Tang and Zichen Hu
Metals 2022, 12(6), 1039; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12061039 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2689
Abstract
Because low thermal conductivity and high viscosity are common characteristics of austenitic steel, it is easy to cause a large amount of heat accumulation in the chip area, resulting in tool edge collapse or wear, and the traditional preparation method is unsuitable for [...] Read more.
Because low thermal conductivity and high viscosity are common characteristics of austenitic steel, it is easy to cause a large amount of heat accumulation in the chip area, resulting in tool edge collapse or wear, and the traditional preparation method is unsuitable for preparing large and complex austenitic steel components. Wire + arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) provides a great application value for austenitic stainless steel because it can solve this problem. The cold metal transfer (CMT)-WAAM system with good control of heat input was used to fabricate the multi-trace and multilayer stainless steel 321 (SS 321) workpiece in this study. The microstructure and corrosion properties of the SS 321 workpiece were observed and compared with those of an SS 321 sheet. The results showed that the microstructure of the SS 321 workpiece from top to bottom was regularly and periodically repeated from the overlapping remelting zone, inter-layer remelting zone, and primary melting zone. There was white austenite matrix and black ferrite, and a small amount of skeleton and worm ferrite was distributed on the white austenite matrix. The average hardness value from the top to the bottom region was approximately uniform, indicating that the workpiece had good consistency. The corrosion properties in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solutions were compared between the SS 321 workpiece and the SS 321 sheet. The results showed that the corrosion properties of the top region of the workpiece were better than that of the middle and bottom part, and the corrosion properties of the SS 321 workpiece were better than that of the SS 321 sheet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prequalifying Emergency Welding (Temper Bead Welding))
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10 pages, 4366 KiB  
Article
Effect of Temperature on Corrosion Behavior of Laser-Remelted CrFeCoNi Coating
by Caimei Wang, Yang Yu, Minghao Shao and Hua Zhang
Metals 2022, 12(6), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060970 - 5 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1678
Abstract
The CrFeCoNi coating was fabricated by the laser remelting method. The microstructure of the coating was detected. The corrosion behavior of coating at different temperatures was investigated by electrochemical measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization test results indicated that the corrosion current density increased with the [...] Read more.
The CrFeCoNi coating was fabricated by the laser remelting method. The microstructure of the coating was detected. The corrosion behavior of coating at different temperatures was investigated by electrochemical measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization test results indicated that the corrosion current density increased with the increase in corrosion solution temperature in 3.5 wt% NaCl and 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solutions, suggesting that the CrFeCoNi coating exhibited higher resistance to corrosion attack at lower solution temperature. The breakdown potential of the CrFeCoNi coating exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing solution temperature in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. This indicated that the passive film formed at low temperatures had higher stability. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test indicated that the CrFeCoNi coating possessed higher charge transfer resistance at lower solution temperatures. The corrosion mechanisms of the coating at different temperatures were also revealed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prequalifying Emergency Welding (Temper Bead Welding))
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14 pages, 3006 KiB  
Article
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B/LY12 Joints Using Zn/Ag–Cu–Zn/Zn Multi-Interlayers via Ultrasound-Assisted Transient Liquid Phase Bonding
by Zijing Yu, Jianguo Gao, Zhaofang Su, Hongchang Zhang, Yinan Li and Zilong Peng
Metals 2022, 12(6), 909; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12060909 - 26 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1995
Abstract
The use of a Zn/Ag–Cu–Zn/Zn multi-interlayer was observed to avoid the formation of Mg–Al binary intermetallic compounds (IMCs), which cause embrittlement and low strength of bonding when dissimilar metals such as Mg/Al are joined using ultrasound-assisted transient liquid phase bonding (U-TLP). The change [...] Read more.
The use of a Zn/Ag–Cu–Zn/Zn multi-interlayer was observed to avoid the formation of Mg–Al binary intermetallic compounds (IMCs), which cause embrittlement and low strength of bonding when dissimilar metals such as Mg/Al are joined using ultrasound-assisted transient liquid phase bonding (U-TLP). The change in the microstructure and mechanical properties of the AZ31B/LY12 joints at 410, 440, and 460 °C with prolonging ultrasonic treatment (UST) time was investigated. The results showed that the diffusion of Ag and Cu was faster into the brazing seam on the LY12 side than that on the AZ31B side with increasing UST and temperature. The IMCs on both sides of the joints were transformed with the diffusion of Ag and Cu. The transformation made the fracture path shift from the AZ31B side (410, 440 °C) to the LY12 side (460 °C), and the maximum shear strength of the joints from 43.3 (410 °C) to 65.7 (440 °C) to 84.7 MPa (460 °C). The IMCs on the surface of the fracture path corresponding to the joints with optimal mechanical properties changed from Mg7Zn3+MgZn2+α-Mg (410 °C) to MgZnCu+Mg7Zn3 (440 °C) to Al2Cu (460 °C). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prequalifying Emergency Welding (Temper Bead Welding))
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14 pages, 6682 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Ti Content in the Filler Powder on Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of C/C Composites/T2-Copper Joints via Thermo-Compensated Resistance Brazing Welding
by Jiang Yu, Xinglin Miao, Hongtao Zhang, Bo Wang and Changming Qu
Metals 2022, 12(5), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12050815 - 9 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1976
Abstract
The carbon/carbon (C/C) composites and T2-copper were joined via thermo-compensated resistance brazing welding (RBW) with AgCuTi filler powder. The effects of the Ti content in AgCuTi filler powder on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance brazed joints were discussed in detail. [...] Read more.
The carbon/carbon (C/C) composites and T2-copper were joined via thermo-compensated resistance brazing welding (RBW) with AgCuTi filler powder. The effects of the Ti content in AgCuTi filler powder on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of resistance brazed joints were discussed in detail. The experiment results indicated that the interface structure of welded joints with composite filler metal was C/C composites/(TiC + TiCu) intermetallic compounds/Cu(s,s)/T2-copper. TiC and Ti-Cu were likely generated at the interface according to thermodynamics. When Ti content in the composite filler metal was 6 wt.%, the thickness of the reaction layer at the interface reached 4.2 μm, and the maximum shear strength of the joints reached 14.68 Mpa, which was the largest compared to other Ti contents. The EDS and XRD results of the fracture surfaces indicated that the TiCu and TiC IMCs were generated at the interface. Combined with the fracture morphologies, the fracture partially occurred in the TiC + TiCu layer, and partially occurred in the base metal of the C/C composites and the Cu alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prequalifying Emergency Welding (Temper Bead Welding))
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