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Metals
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Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies
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Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 27814

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Michel Arrigoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France
Interests: Shock wave; Impact; Explosion; Blast; ballistics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Exploring mysteries of the universe, bringing solutions to environmental issues, making accessible knowledge to everybody, ensuring security and safety in transportation, and extending medical care efficiency are daily challenges of our societies.

I am glad to announce the following project of a Special Issue of Metals, tackling latest research and developments in the field of aerospace and advanced technologies of metallic materials. Our aim is to encourage scientists and experts to publish their experimental and theoretical results. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental and numerical details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.

This Special Issue provides a forum for publishing papers which advance the in-depth understanding of the relationship between the structure, the properties or the functions of all kinds of metals involved in aerospace and advanced technologies.

Works are expected related to metal processing, forming and welding, especially the latest methods, like magnetic pulsed welding, electro-hydro-forming, friction stir welding, and metal treatments; innovative processes for lightweight metallic structures like metallic foam production and characterization, and lattice structured metallic materials; recent progress in additive methods and innovative deposition processes like plasma spray, cold spray, and selected laser melted metals; mechanical characterization, constitutive laws and the dynamic behavior of metals; metallic glass, amorphous metals and their applications; ageing and recycling of metallic materials; and structural health monitoring, non-destructive control of metallic structures and materials.

Before submission authors should carefully read the journal’s author guidelines.

Prof. Michel Arrigoni
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • experiments
  • modelling
  • process
  • characterization
  • additive methods
  • structural health monitoring
  • advanced techniques
  • aerospace
  • metals

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

5 pages, 208 KiB  
Editorial
Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies
by Michel Arrigoni
Metals 2022, 12(2), 226; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12020226 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2745
Abstract
Exploring the mysteries of the universe, transporting people over longer distances in the safest way, providing energy to a growing global population, and facing environmental changes are among the major challenges that will face humanity in the coming decades: Satellite observations have become [...] Read more.
Exploring the mysteries of the universe, transporting people over longer distances in the safest way, providing energy to a growing global population, and facing environmental changes are among the major challenges that will face humanity in the coming decades: Satellite observations have become essential in monitoring the ecological health of the Earth, but they require space launches that raise the paradox of greenhouse and toxic gases rejection by the use of solid propellants [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

19 pages, 90410 KiB  
Article
Effect of Tool Pin Geometry on the Microhardness and Surface Roughness of Friction Stir Processed Recycled AA 6063
by Kia Wai Liew, Yu Zorn Chung, Guo Sheng Teo and Chee Kuang Kok
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1695; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111695 - 25 Oct 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
Friction stir processing was experimented on recycled aluminum alloy 6063 to investigate the effects of varying friction stir tool pin geometry and friction stir processing parameters on the microhardness and surface roughness. Different tool pin geometry has great influence on the outcome as [...] Read more.
Friction stir processing was experimented on recycled aluminum alloy 6063 to investigate the effects of varying friction stir tool pin geometry and friction stir processing parameters on the microhardness and surface roughness. Different tool pin geometry has great influence on the outcome as it alters the ability to provide localized heating and better material flow. This study was performed using two different types of tool pin geometry, namely, the cylindrical threaded and the taper threaded pins, across varying rotational speeds and feed rates. The mechanical properties of the processed workpiece were inspected and analyzed in terms of microhardness, microstructure, and surface roughness. The results show that the taper threaded tool offers the highest improvement in microhardness up to 63% at the lowest rotational speed and highest feed rate at 1150 rpm and 30 mm/min, respectively, and this is supported by microscopy images showing finer grains with the compact and homogenous distribution. The taper threaded tool also provided a better surface roughness than the cylindrical threaded tool. However, the surface produced by cylindrical threaded at 30 mm/min feed rates is as smooth and consistent as that of taper threaded tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies)
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7 pages, 2422 KiB  
Article
Evolution of the Microstructure of a CuCr1Zr Alloy during Direct Heating by Electric Current
by Miroslav Karlík, Petr Haušild, Philippe Pilvin and Denis Carron
Metals 2021, 11(7), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071074 - 3 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1967
Abstract
Round tensile test specimens of an age-hardened CuCr1Zr alloy were subjected to direct electrical current heating in a Gleeble thermal–mechanical simulator at 800 °C. The mechanical properties were monitored by the Vickers hardness test, and the changes in the grain structure were examined [...] Read more.
Round tensile test specimens of an age-hardened CuCr1Zr alloy were subjected to direct electrical current heating in a Gleeble thermal–mechanical simulator at 800 °C. The mechanical properties were monitored by the Vickers hardness test, and the changes in the grain structure were examined by light metallography. A quantitative analysis of the size and distribution of fine precipitates during annealing was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The grain structure showed a gradient corresponding to the gradient of the temperature on the test piece. Annealing for 60 s at 800 °C resulted in a partially (~50%) recrystallized structure with new grains about 45 μm in diameter. In the as-delivered condition, TEM documented tiny (1 to 4 nm) coherent chromium precipitates inducing strain fields in the matrix. During overaging, the particles lost their coherence and gradually coarsened up to a mean diameter of 40 nm after 300 s at 800 °C. The coarsening kinetics obeys Lifshitz, Sloyzov, and Wagner’s theory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies)
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19 pages, 5250 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Mandrel Dimensions for a Fixture Hardening Process of High-Strength Steel Aerospace Parts by Finite Element Simulation
by Hannes Birkhofer, Thomas Lübben and Ben Taylor
Metals 2020, 10(3), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10030303 - 26 Feb 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2512
Abstract
A fixture hardening process for aerospace gear box components of alloy S156 (16NiCrMo16-5, 1.6722) is investigated by thermomechanical metallurgical 2D axisymmetric Finite Element simulations. Material parameters are experimentally determined. Contact and transformation plasticity effects among others are implemented in Abaqus® with user [...] Read more.
A fixture hardening process for aerospace gear box components of alloy S156 (16NiCrMo16-5, 1.6722) is investigated by thermomechanical metallurgical 2D axisymmetric Finite Element simulations. Material parameters are experimentally determined. Contact and transformation plasticity effects among others are implemented in Abaqus® with user subroutines. The study aims to optimize the mandrel diameter of a fixture hardening tool for processing of planet gears. Plasticity, transformation plasticity, arising contact forces, and pressure depending on different mandrel sizes are investigated in depth. Distortion is evaluated and an optimal setting is derived from the calculations. Results show that cylindricity, defined here as the difference between maximum and minimum radius of the part, and maximum contact pressure, both can be reduced by increasing the mandrel radius. Physical effects and distortion evolve strongly nonlinear. Analysis methods highlighting cylindricity depending on the different mandrel diameters are developed to illustrate this nonlinear behavior and to enhance knowledge about the process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies)
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Review

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13 pages, 686 KiB  
Review
Research Progress of Cryogenic Materials for Storage and Transportation of Liquid Hydrogen
by Yinan Qiu, Huan Yang, Lige Tong and Li Wang
Metals 2021, 11(7), 1101; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11071101 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 59 | Viewed by 11720
Abstract
Liquid hydrogen is the main fuel of large-scale low-temperature heavy-duty rockets, and has become the key direction of energy development in China in recent years. As an important application carrier in the large-scale storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen, liquid hydrogen cryogenic storage [...] Read more.
Liquid hydrogen is the main fuel of large-scale low-temperature heavy-duty rockets, and has become the key direction of energy development in China in recent years. As an important application carrier in the large-scale storage and transportation of liquid hydrogen, liquid hydrogen cryogenic storage and transportation containers are the key equipment related to the national defense security of China’s aerospace and energy fields. Due to the low temperature of liquid hydrogen (20 K), special requirements have been put forward for the selection of materials for storage and transportation containers including the adaptability of materials in a liquid hydrogen environment, hydrogen embrittlement characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermophysical properties of liquid hydrogen temperature, which can all affect the safe and reliable design of storage and transportation containers. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to systematically master the types and properties of cryogenic materials for the development of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation containers. With the wide application of liquid hydrogen in different occasions, the requirements for storage and transportation container materials are not the same. In this paper, the types and applications of cryogenic materials commonly used in liquid hydrogen storage and transportation containers are reviewed. The effects of low-temperature on the mechanical properties of different materials are introduced. The research progress of cryogenic materials and low-temperature performance data of materials is introduced. The shortcomings in the research and application of cryogenic materials for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation containers are summarized to provide guidance for the future development of container materials. Among them, stainless steel is the most widely used cryogenic material for liquid hydrogen storage and transportation vessel, but different grades of stainless steel also have different applications, which usually need to be comprehensively considered in combination with its low temperature performance, corrosion resistance, welding performance, and other aspects. However, with the increasing demand for space liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, the research on high specific strength cryogenic materials such as aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, or composite materials is also developing. Aluminum alloy liquid hydrogen storage and transportation containers are widely used in the space field, while composite materials have significant advantages in being lightweight. Hydrogen permeation is the key bottleneck of composite storage and transportation containers. At present, there are still many technical problems that have not been solved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies)
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25 pages, 5758 KiB  
Review
Review of Intermediate Strain Rate Testing Devices
by Trunal Bhujangrao, Catherine Froustey, Edurne Iriondo, Fernando Veiga, Philippe Darnis and Franck Girot Mata
Metals 2020, 10(7), 894; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070894 - 5 Jul 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5558
Abstract
Materials undergo various loading conditions during different manufacturing processes, including varying strain rates and temperatures. Research has shown that the deformation of metals and alloys during manufacturing processes such as metal forming, machining, and friction stir welding (FSW), can reach a strain rate [...] Read more.
Materials undergo various loading conditions during different manufacturing processes, including varying strain rates and temperatures. Research has shown that the deformation of metals and alloys during manufacturing processes such as metal forming, machining, and friction stir welding (FSW), can reach a strain rate ranging from 10−1 to 106 s−1. Hence, studying the flow behavior of materials at different strain rates is important to understanding the material response during manufacturing processes. Experimental data for a low strain rate of <101 s−1 and a high strain rate of >103 s−1 are readily available by using traditional testing devices such as a servo-hydraulic testing machine and the split Hopkinson pressure bar method, respectively. However, for the intermediate strain rate (101 to 103 s−1), very few testing devices are available. Testing the intermediate strain rate requires a demanding test regime, in which researchers have expanded the use of special instruments. This review paper describes the development and evolution of the existing intermediate strain rate testing devices. They are divided based on the loading mechanism; it includes the high-speed servo-hydraulic testing machines, hybrid testing apparatus, the drop tower, and the flywheel machine. A general description of the testing device is systematically reviewed; which includes the working principles, some critical theories, technological innovation in load measurement techniques, components of the device, basic technical assumption, and measuring techniques. In addition, some research direction on future implementation and development of an intermediate strain rate apparatus is also discussed in detail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metallic Materials and Their Applications in Aerospace and Advanced Technologies)
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