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Metals
Special Issues
Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys
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Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 10235

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Daixiu Wei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Miyagi, Japan
Interests: microstructure of metals and alloys; mechanical property; plasticity; materials processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metals and alloys are indispensable infrastructure materials for various load-bearing applications, in which mechanical performance is the most important aspect of concern. Metallurgists are pursuing an exceptional combination of strength and ductility by tuning the microstructures of alloys, through various hot/cold material processing. However, the improvement in strength is usually accompanied by the loss of ductility, where the conflict is known as a long-standing strength-ductility trade-off. The trade-off could be successfully overcome by tuning the microstructure through unique techniques, whereas the influence of the processings on their microstructure and mechanical properties needs to be clarified. 

The Special Issue scope embraces cutting-edge work aimed at understanding and deploying the processing for overcoming the strength–ductility trade-off in alloys, revealing the microstructure–structure correlations, structural design that enhancing the mechanical performance of alloys.

Dr. Daixiu Wei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Metals and alloys
  • Mechanical property
  • Strength-ductility trade-off
  • Microstructure
  • Hot/cold processing

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4954 KiB  
Article
Growth and Deformation Simulation of Aluminum Bronze Grains Produced by Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing
by Anton Yu. Nikonov, Dmitry V. Lychagin, Artem A. Bibko and Olga S. Novitskaya
Metals 2022, 12(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12010114 - 07 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1459
Abstract
When working out 3D building-up modes, it is necessary to predict the material properties of the resulting products. For this purpose, the crystallography of aluminum bronze grains after electron beam melting has been studied by EBSD analysis methods. To estimate the possibility of [...] Read more.
When working out 3D building-up modes, it is necessary to predict the material properties of the resulting products. For this purpose, the crystallography of aluminum bronze grains after electron beam melting has been studied by EBSD analysis methods. To estimate the possibility of sample form changes by pressure treatment, we simulated structural changes by the method of molecular dynamics during deformation by compression of individual grains of established growth orientations. The analysis was carried out for free lateral faces and grain deformation in confined conditions. Simulation and experiments on single crystals with free lateral faces revealed the occurrence of stepwise deformation in different parts of the crystal and its division into deformation domains. Each domain is characterized by a shear along a certain slip system with the maximum Schmidt factor. Blocking the shear towards the lateral faces leads to selectivity of the shear along the slip systems that provide the required shape change. Based on the simulation results, the relationship between stress–strain curves and structural characteristics is traced. A higher degree of strain hardening and a higher density of defects were found upon deformation in confined conditions. The deformation of the columnar grains of the built material occurs agreed with the systems with the maximum Schmidt factor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)
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21 pages, 23700 KiB  
Article
About the Memory of Transformation-Induced Plasticity in 35NCD16 Carbon Steel Subjected to Various Thermomechanical Histories
by Jose Jimenez and Lakhdar Taleb
Metals 2021, 11(12), 1929; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11121929 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1438
Abstract
This study deals with Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) observed in the martensitic transformation of 35NCD16 ferritic steel. In this study, TRIP tests were carried out for two different cases: First, after only free dilatometric (FD) tests, which is used as the reference test for [...] Read more.
This study deals with Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP) observed in the martensitic transformation of 35NCD16 ferritic steel. In this study, TRIP tests were carried out for two different cases: First, after only free dilatometric (FD) tests, which is used as the reference test for the considered applied stress; second, with TRIP tests being performed similarly to the first case (same thermal cycle, same applied stress) but with pre-thermomechanical loading histories applied. Such histories may be FD tests, TRIP tests, elastoplastic history, etc. The comparison between the results of TRIP test (a) and TRIP test (b) indicates if TRIP holds the memory of the applied loading histories. The current obtained results tell us that TRIP does not hold any significant memory. During the martensite → austenite transformation, the material may present recovery from strain hardening. Waiting for more details about the physical phenomena responsible for the absence of TRIP memory, one can point out the importance of this result as it enables one to use the same specimen for several TRIP tests. However, this result must be validated using other combinations of loading histories (such as multiaxial and cyclic, among others). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)
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10 pages, 2845 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Subsequent Stress-Induced Martensite Aging on the Viscoelastic Properties of Aged NiTiHf Polycrystals
by Anton I. Tagiltsev, Elena Y. Panchenko, Ekaterina E. Timofeeva, Yuriy I. Chumlyakov, Ekaterina S. Marchenko and Ibrahim Karaman
Metals 2021, 11(12), 1890; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11121890 - 23 Nov 2021
Viewed by 1358
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of stress-induced martensite aging under tensile and compressive stresses on the functional and viscoelastic properties in Ni50.3Ti32.2Hf17.5 polycrystals containing dispersed H-phase particles up to 70 nm in size obtained by preliminary austenite aging [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effect of stress-induced martensite aging under tensile and compressive stresses on the functional and viscoelastic properties in Ni50.3Ti32.2Hf17.5 polycrystals containing dispersed H-phase particles up to 70 nm in size obtained by preliminary austenite aging at 873 K for 3 h. It was found that stress-induced martensite aging at 428 K for 12 h results in the appearance of a two-way shape memory effect of −0.5% in compression and +1.8% in tension. Moreover, a significant change in viscoelastic properties can be observed: an increase in internal friction (by 25%) and a change in elastic modulus in tensile samples. The increase in internal friction during martensitic transformation after stress-induced martensite aging is associated with the oriented growth of thermal-induced martensite. After stress-induced martensite aging, the elastic modulus of martensite (EM) increased by 8 GPa, and the elastic modulus of austenite (EA) decreased by 8 GPa. It was shown that stress-induced martensite aging strongly affects the functional and viscoelastic properties of material and can be used to control them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)
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15 pages, 4925 KiB  
Article
Effect of La and Sc Co-Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of As-Cast Al-4.8% Cu Alloys
by Zhao-Xi Song, Yuan-Dong Li, Wen-Jing Liu, Hao-Kun Yang, Yang-Jing Cao and Guang-Li Bi
Metals 2021, 11(11), 1866; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11111866 - 20 Nov 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1949
Abstract
The effects of La and La+Sc addition on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of Al-4.8Cu alloy were comprehensively studied. The as-cast samples were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and first-principles methods. The results reveal that the [...] Read more.
The effects of La and La+Sc addition on mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of Al-4.8Cu alloy were comprehensively studied. The as-cast samples were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and first-principles methods. The results reveal that the grain morphology of Al-4.8Cu alloy changes from dendrite to fine equiaxed grain with La, La+Sc addition. The average grain size of Al-Cu-La (Al-4.8Cu-0.4La) and Al-Cu-La-Sc (Al-4.8Cu-0.4La-0.4Sc) decreased by 37.2% (70.36 μm) and 63.3% (119.64 μm) respectively compared with Al-Cu (Al-4.8Cu). Al-Cu-La has the highest elongation among the three which is 34.4% (2.65%) higher than Al-Cu. Al-Cu-La-Sc has the highest ultimate tensile strength and yield strength which are 55.1% (80.9 MPa) and 65.2% (62.1 MPa) higher than Al-Cu, respectively. The thermal conductivity of Al-Cu-La and Al-Cu-La-Sc is 10.0% (18.797 W·m−1·k−1) and 6.5% (12.178 W·m−1·k−1) higher than Al-Cu alloy respectively. Compared with Al-Cu, Al-Cu-La has less shrinkage and porosity, the presence of Al4La and AlCu3 contribute a lot to the decrease of specific heat capacity and the increase of plasticity and toughness. The porosity of Al-Cu-La-Sc does not significantly decrease compared with Al-Cu-La, the presence of Al3Sc and AlCuSc bring about the increase of specific heat capacity and brittleness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)
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10 pages, 4742 KiB  
Article
Submerged Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 and AA7075 Aluminum Alloys: Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Property
by Akbar Heidarzadeh, Mousa Javidani, Mohammadreza Mofarrehi, Amir Farzaneh and X.-Grant Chen
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101592 - 07 Oct 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1737
Abstract
The possibility of underwater dissimilar friction stir welding of AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloy was explored to overcome the problem of hardness loss in different microstructural zones. Optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction were employed to characterize the microstructure of the joint. Vickers [...] Read more.
The possibility of underwater dissimilar friction stir welding of AA6061 and AA7075 aluminum alloy was explored to overcome the problem of hardness loss in different microstructural zones. Optical microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction were employed to characterize the microstructure of the joint. Vickers hardness measurements were conducted on the cross-section of the joint to evaluate the mechanical strengths. The results showed that the microstructure of the AA7075 side had undergone the same mechanisms as those occurring during conventional friction stir welding. In the case of the AA6061 side, in addition to typical restoration mechanisms, the grain subdivision was observed. The AA7075 side had finer grains compared to the AA6061 side, which may be related to the different morphology and size of precipitates. Moreover, friction stir welding caused a reduction in the hardness values in all the microstructural areas compared to those of corresponding base materials. For example, it caused a reduction in the hardness of a thermomechanically affected zone from 105 HV to 93 HV in the AA6061 side, and from 187 HV to 172 HV in the AA7075 side. The underwater media improved the overall hardness values in thermo-mechanically affected zones (13% reduction in hardness) compared to those reported in literature (57% reduction in hardness). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)
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17 pages, 12847 KiB  
Article
High-Temperature Deformation Behaviors of the C-Doped and N-Doped High Entropy Alloys
by Hailong Yi, Yifan Zhang, Renyi Xie, Mengyuan Bi and Daixiu Wei
Metals 2021, 11(10), 1517; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11101517 - 24 Sep 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1506
Abstract
High entropy alloys (HEAs) containing multi-principal metallic constituents have attracted much attention. A good understanding of their hot-deformation behavior and recrystallization mechanism is the prerequisite for microstructures tuning and for optimizing mechanical performance. Here, the flow behavior and recrystallization mechanism of the N-doped [...] Read more.
High entropy alloys (HEAs) containing multi-principal metallic constituents have attracted much attention. A good understanding of their hot-deformation behavior and recrystallization mechanism is the prerequisite for microstructures tuning and for optimizing mechanical performance. Here, the flow behavior and recrystallization mechanism of the N-doped and C-doped face-centered cubic phase HEAs are produced at high temperatures by hot-compression at 1123–1273 K, with strain rates of 0.1–0.001 s−1. Constitutive equations were successfully constructed to reveal flow behavior, and stress-strain curves were predicted using strain compensated polynomial functions. Discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization proceeded concurrently when compressed at a low temperature and high strain rate, whereas discontinuous recrystallization, which occurs at primary grain boundaries, became predominant at a high temperature and low strain rate, significantly contributing to the refinement and homogenization of the grains. For this reason, a relatively high temperature and a low strain rate, in which the recrystallized grains exhibit equiaxed morphology and very weak texture, are more suitable for refining grains. The average size of the grains was approximately 10 μm. This study sheds light on grain optimization and mechanical properties through thermomechanical processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Alloys)
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