Structure and Properties of Biomedical Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Biobased and Biodegradable Metals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 959

Editors


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Guest Editor
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avda. Vicuña Mackenna Poniente N 3939, San Joaquín 8320000, Santiago, Chile
Interests: biomedical alloys; microstructure–property relationships; powder metallurgy; titanium-based alloys; high-entropy alloys for biomedical applications; material characterization; surface modifications; spark plasma sintering; porous materials

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Guest Editor
Department of Materials and Transport science and engineering, ETSI, University of Seville, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
Interests: simulation; nuclear materials; titanium composites; additive manufacturing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomedical alloys continue to play a central role in the development of next-generation medical implants and devices. The rapid growth of additive manufacturing, advanced thermomechanical processing, and surface-engineering technologies has enabled unprecedented control over microstructure, defect population, and interfaces in metallic biomaterials. These advances have accelerated the transition from conventional alloys to highly tailored compositions and architectures designed to improve biocompatibility, corrosion behavior, mechanical reliability, and long-term clinical performance. At the same time, the study of structure–property relationships—particularly at multiple length scales—remains essential for understanding how processing routes ultimately govern biological response and functional outcomes.

Within this context, the field is experiencing a surge of innovation, driven by emerging biomedical needs such as low-modulus implants, antibacterial surfaces, controlled degradation, and enhanced osseointegration. Novel alloys based on Ti, Mg, Co–Cr, and high-entropy systems, together with gradient and porous structures, are rapidly reshaping the landscape of metallic biomaterials. Insights from advanced characterization techniques, in situ mechanical testing, and multiscale modeling are also contributing to a deeper understanding of how microstructural evolution affects performance in physiological environments.

For this Special Issue, we welcome articles that focus on material preparation methods and their influence on the performance of final products, in both the powder stage and compaction domain. Fully controllable, fast, and low-cost processes are also of interest, specifically those with high implementation potential in advanced powder technologies that allow production of high-performance products.

Of particular interest are contributions dealing with the structure and properties of biomedical alloys, including processing–microstructure–performance relationships, corrosion and wear behavior, mechanical and biological performance, design of porous or architected structures, and surface or interface modifications. Submissions addressing emerging alloy systems, innovative characterization approaches, and structure-driven strategies to improve clinical functionality are especially encouraged.

Dr. Sheila Lascano
Dr. Cristina Arevalo Mora
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • biomedical alloys
  • microstructure–property relationships
  • additive manufacturing of biomaterials
  • titanium-based alloys
  • magnesium biodegradable alloys
  • cobalt–chromium alloys
  • high-entropy alloys for biomedical applications
  • surface modification and biofunctionality
  • corrosion and wear behavior in physiological environments
  • biocompatibility and cytotoxicity evaluation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 61935 KB  
Article
Effect of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy Produced by L-PBF and PA-DED
by Svetlana Gatina, Andrey Stotskiy, Alfiz Gareev, Alexander Ryzhkin, Irina Semenova, Alexey Mamalat, Olga Klimova-Korsmik, Sergey Zherebtsov and Nariman Enikeev
Metals 2026, 16(7), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16070792 - 14 Jul 2026
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Abstract
The manufacturing of personalized implants from Ti–6Al–4V alloy using additive manufacturing technologies is a promising direction in modern medicine. However, components produced by these methods are characterized by a non-equilibrium microstructure, high residual stresses, and anisotropy of mechanical properties, which necessitates subsequent heat [...] Read more.
The manufacturing of personalized implants from Ti–6Al–4V alloy using additive manufacturing technologies is a promising direction in modern medicine. However, components produced by these methods are characterized by a non-equilibrium microstructure, high residual stresses, and anisotropy of mechanical properties, which necessitates subsequent heat treatment. The aim of the present work was a systematic comparative study of the effect of three heat treatment regimes—stress relief annealing (600 °C, 3 h), subtransus annealing in the (α + β) region (950 °C, 1 h, furnace cooling), and solution treatment followed by aging (STA: 950 °C, 0.5 h, water quenching + aging at 675 °C, 3 h)—on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V alloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and plasma arc directed energy deposition (PA-DED). The microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Tensile mechanical properties were determined in two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the build direction. Stress-relief annealing led to an increase in the ductility of the alloy without a noticeable decrease in strength and without significant changes in the microstructure. Subtransus annealing resulted in the formation of an equilibrium lamellar (α + β) structure, which provided a substantial increase in ductility with a moderate decrease in strength. Solution treatment and aging resulted in formation of a bimodal microstructure. Subtransus annealing (both alloys), STA (L-PBF) and stress relief annealing (PA-DED) provided properties comparable to those of wrought material. The obtained results form the basis for a scientifically informed selection of both the manufacturing route and the heat treatment regime for biomedical implants made of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure and Properties of Biomedical Alloys)
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20 pages, 6525 KB  
Article
Cavitation Erosion of the Biodegradable AM50 Alloy After Artificial Aging Heat Treatment
by Ilare Bordeasu, Dorin Bordeasu, Lavinia-Madalina Micu, Filip-Sebastian Tatu, Nicusor-Alin Sirbu, Radu-Nicolae Popescu, Cristian Ghera, Liviu-Daniel Pirvulescu, Alexandru-Nicolae Luca, Brandusa Ghiban and Raluca Faur
Metals 2026, 16(6), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/met16060684 - 22 Jun 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 275
Abstract
Magnesium-based alloys remain poorly researched, particularly regarding their behavior and resistance under hydrodynamic loading conditions. Interest in these materials is driven by their low density, lower even than that of aluminum alloys, and their excellent pressure die-casting capability, leading to manufacturing components with [...] Read more.
Magnesium-based alloys remain poorly researched, particularly regarding their behavior and resistance under hydrodynamic loading conditions. Interest in these materials is driven by their low density, lower even than that of aluminum alloys, and their excellent pressure die-casting capability, leading to manufacturing components with high geometric accuracy and structural homogeneity. Due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, recent research has focused on using them in reconstructive surgery devices, similar to Zn-Mg alloys. As the blood circulatory system can, at certain stages, be considered similar to a hydraulic system, it is subjected to hydrodynamic flow regimes, including cavitation erosion. In this context, the current research, conducted on the AM50 magnesium-based alloy, provides new insights into its behavior and structural resistance exposed to shock waves and microjets generated by cavitation. Cavitation tests were performed using a standard 20 kHz vibratory device on three material conditions: one semi-finished (initial) state and two aged, heat-treated states at 200 °C for 12 and 24 h. Analyses of the characteristic erosion curves, cavitation resistance parameters, and macro- and microstructural examinations of the eroded surfaces revealed that, compared with the semi-finished condition, the applied heat-treatment regimes increased the HV5 hardness by 6.8–17% and the cavitation resistance by 27–61%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Structure and Properties of Biomedical Alloys)
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