Weldability and Reparability of Nickel-Base Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Welding and Joining".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 673

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Management, University of Padova, Stradella San Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy
Interests: raw materials; structural integrity of welded joints and additively manufactured components; welding and heat treatment simulation; cast iron; stainless steels; material selection
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Designing for sustainability requires increasingly higher performance materials and enhanced techniques to understand their interconnections. There is a strong motivation to improve the heat resistance of alloys in order to enhance the thermal efficiency of engines, which is necessary to achieve environmental targets and reduce the emissions of harmful greenhouse gasses. For advanced-ultra supercritical applications, the emphasis is on high-temperature strength, long-term creep life, phase stability, oxidation resistance, and robust and flexible welding processes. In this scenario, Ni-base superalloys are successfully used for mechanical components operating at high temperatures and stresses; however, these conditions may cause surface cracks. Cracks can also form during the fabrication process, compromising product quality. Therefore, repair techniques, in the frame of a circular economy, have a relevant economic and environmental impact, particularly when dealing with high-cost materials like Ni-base superalloys.

This Special Issue intends to collect new advances in the welding and repairing of nickel-base alloys that are aimed at improving the high-temperature performances of joints as well as extending their lifespan from the perspective of sustainability.

Prof. Dr. Paolo Ferro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • welding
  • repairing
  • nickel-base alloy
  • weldability
  • solidification cracking

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 9034 KB  
Article
Laser Beam Welding of IN625 Alloy with Equiaxed Grains: Influence of Process Parameters
by Giuliano Angella, Fabio Bergamini, Francesco Cognini, Alessandra Fava, Paolo Ferro, Alessandra Palombi, Maria Richetta and Alessandra Varone
Metals 2025, 15(12), 1296; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15121296 - 25 Nov 2025
Viewed by 330
Abstract
Ni-based superalloys, known for their excellent mechanical strength and corrosion resistance at high temperature, are widely used in aeronautic, aerospace, and energy industries. Since both the materials and manufacturing processes required to produce high-performance components made of these alloys are expensive, the welding [...] Read more.
Ni-based superalloys, known for their excellent mechanical strength and corrosion resistance at high temperature, are widely used in aeronautic, aerospace, and energy industries. Since both the materials and manufacturing processes required to produce high-performance components made of these alloys are expensive, the welding repair of damaged components plays a crucial role in industrial applications. High energy density welding techniques, such as laser beam welding (LBW) and electron beam welding (EBW), are the most promising to achieve high-quality welds. Nevertheless, welding processes significantly affect the microstructure and mechanical properties of both the melted zone (MZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This may result in alloying element segregation, precipitation of undesired secondary phases, and the presence of residual stresses that can lead to crack formation. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the effects of process parameters on weld seam properties is essential to maintain high performance standards. In this work, LBW was employed to join 2.5 mm thick plates of equiaxed IN625 superalloy. The seams were produced by varying three parameters: the two characteristic parameters of LBW, i.e., laser power (P = 1700, 2000, 2300 W) and welding speed (v = 15, 20, 25 mm/s), alongside power modulation (Γ = Pmin/Pmax = 0.6, 0.8, 1). The scope of this work is to evaluate the effect of the combined variation of all these welding parameters on the final characteristics of welded seams. The resulting microstructures were characterized by using digital radiography, Light Microscopy (LM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Vickers microhardness measurements were performed across the weld seams to evaluate the mechanical properties in the MZ and HAZ. The optimal set of welding parameters, producing defect-free seams without cracks and pores, was identified as P = 2000 W, v = 25 mm/s, and Γ = 0.6. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Weldability and Reparability of Nickel-Base Alloys)
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