Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials Under Heat Treatment

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2025 | Viewed by 1092

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Electromechanical, Systems and Metal Engineering, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
Interests: thermal and thermo-mechanical processing of metallic materials; advanced high strength steels (AHSS); ultarfast heating, thermal cycling, microstructural characterization including texture -SEM, EBSD (TKD, TEM, XRD); processing-structure-property relationship in metallic materials; damage and fracture in AHSS, rails and bearings
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Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
Interests: microstructure; mechanical properties; advanced characterization and modeling; thermo-mechanical processing of metallic materials; alloy-processing–structure–property relationship in metallic materials; damage and fracture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heat treatment (including thermo-mechanical and thermo-chemical treatment) is one of the most powerful tools for controlling the mechanical and functional properties of metallic alloys. Although thermal treatment technologies have a long history and traditions, the current society puts forward new challenges and requirements, not only for newly developed steels and non-ferrous alloys but also for resource exploitation, fast and effective production, and limitation of CO2 emissions. Taking into account that most of the energy sources in this sector are mainly based on fossil fuels or heating in electrical resistance furnaces (excluding the salt baths), the heating rates are restricted to the limits of the heat transfer from the heater to the heat-treated part and they do not exceed the ranges of 2 °C/s to 10 °C/s. In recent years, the interest in non-conventional heat treatment processes, where the heating is performed at very high speed via different heating sources, like induction heating or resistive heating by passing the current directly through the sample, is continuously growing. Therefore, these processes are increasingly approaching the stage of industrial technology.

This Special Issue is focused on the results of experiments and modeling related to conventional but also to non-conventional technologies for thermal or thermo-chemical treatments where high heating rates and very short soaking times are used. Alternatively, approaches with multiple thermal treatment steps, like thermal cycling, thermo-chemical treatment, (nano)-composite production, and magnetic materials, are a subject of interest. We encourage researchers to share their experience in this field by publishing their research on applying not only conventional but also innovative technologies like ultra-fast heating, ultra-short annealing, ultra-fast tempering, microwave synthesis, thermal cycling, and thermo-mechanical or thermo-chemical treatment on steels and non-ferrous alloys, showing the link between the processing parameters, microstructure (inclusive texture), and mechanical properties.

Prof. Dr. Roumen Petrov
Guest Editor

Dr. Virgínia Bertolo
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • heat treatment
  • thermo-chemical treatment
  • non-conventional heat treatment
  • ultra-fast heating
  • ultra-short annealing
  • thermal cycling
  • steel
  • advanced high-strength steels
  • electrical steels
  • non-ferrous alloys
  • microstructure
  • texture
  • properties

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 3878 KiB  
Article
Al-5Er-Ti Master Alloy with Both Grain Refinement and Microalloying Effects
by Jingrui Ma, Zhiguo Lei, Shengping Wen, Guang Yang, Wu Wei, Hui Huang and Zuoren Nie
Metals 2025, 15(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15010043 - 5 Jan 2025
Viewed by 724
Abstract
The phase structure, grain refinement, and microalloying effect of the Al-5Er-Ti master alloy were analyzed by a refining experiment, microhardness test, OM, SEM, and XRD. The results show that when the Er/Ti atomic ratio is 2.7, the refining effect of the Al-5Er-0.5Ti master [...] Read more.
The phase structure, grain refinement, and microalloying effect of the Al-5Er-Ti master alloy were analyzed by a refining experiment, microhardness test, OM, SEM, and XRD. The results show that when the Er/Ti atomic ratio is 2.7, the refining effect of the Al-5Er-0.5Ti master alloy is significantly better than Al-5Er, which is due to the Ti2Al20Er phase. There are three crystal orientations of Ti2Al20Er and α-Al that satisfy the E2E model, among which (620)Ti2Al20Er<260>Ti2Al20Er//(111)Al<110>Al is the least mismatched one. When the Er/Ti atomic ratio is reduced to below 1.3, the Ti-containing phase of the Al-5Er-Ti master alloy is composed of Ti2Al20Er and Al3Ti. The primary phase size of the Al-5Er-1.5Ti master alloy decreases with the increase in cooling rate, and the grain refining effect improved more significantly. The optimum size of the Ti2Al20Er phase and Al3Ti phase is 6.0 μm and 9.5 μm, respectively. The grain size of pure aluminum is reduced from 14,000 μm to 300 μm by Al-5Er-1.5Ti master alloy refinement, and the refinement rate is 97.9%. Direct aging of the refined sample did not have a precipitation strengthening effect. After the solution and aging treatment, the peak aging of the refined sample was reached in 15 min, and the microhardness increased by 41%. Full article
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