New Insights into Gynecological Disease

Dear Colleagues,

Associations between benign gynecologic pathologies and circulating inflammatory markers are unknown. Endometriosis is a common and painful condition affecting women of reproductive age. While the underlying pathophysiology is still largely unknown, much advancement has been made in understanding the progression of this disease. In recent years, a great deal of research has focused on non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as biomarkers, and on the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Benign (including endometrial pathology, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and ovarian disorders) and malignant (including endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer) gynecological pathologies represent, respectively, the most common and most harmful diseases affecting women’s health. Gynecological cancer can occur in any female reproductive organ, with its increasing incidence and mortality rates making it essential to understand the molecular and cellular biology of this specific type of cancer cells. Despite the prevalence and public health impact of uterine leiomyomas, available treatments remain limited. Among the potential causes of leiomyomas, early hormonal exposure during periods of development may result in developmental reprogramming via epigenetic changes that persist in adulthood, leading to disease onset or progression. Recent developments in unbiased high-throughput sequencing technology enable powerful approaches to detect driver mutations, yielding new insights into the genomic instability of leiomyomas. Before undergoing any such treatment, patients should be counseled to discuss their fertility preservation options. Indeed, biological parenthood is possible in most cases as long as the subject is referred to a specialized fertility unit in good time. With the advantages of rapidly developing molecular biology technologies, it is critical to explore and study the intricacies of a gynecologic cancer cell. Moreover, in this era of low natality, physiological disease in ovulation disorders such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has found a really helpful contribution in nutraceutical supplementation, without side effects, sometimes aiding the recovery of ovarian stimulation by gonadotropins. This Special Issue aims to present recent research on the molecular and cellular advances in gynecologic disease research that can assist with diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapies, as well as actual knowledge and discovery of new fields for the future diagnosis and treatment of uterine and cervical pathologies, endometriosis, endometrial disease, and ovarian diseases, precision-based approaches to infertility and gynecological malignancies, and the medico-legal implications. In this scenario, artificial intelligence support may prove helpful. We welcome all articles contributing to increasing knowledge in this field.

Prof. Dr. Gaspare Cucinella
Guest Editor

Dr. Valentina Billone
Guest Editor Assistant

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• gynecological disease
• endometriosis
• gynecological cancer
• nutraceutical supplementation
• infertility
• minimally invasive surgery
• fertility preservation
• psychological implications in gynecological malignancies
• ethical and medico-legal implications
• PCOS