Physics-Informed Machine Learning: Methodologies and Applications

A special issue of Mathematics (ISSN 2227-7390). This special issue belongs to the section "E1: Mathematics and Computer Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 2899

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
AI Focus, Earth Rover Program, London WC2H 9JQ, UK
Interests: physics-Informed machine learning; generative AI; large language models; multi-agent systems
Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
Interests: scientific machine learning; AI for science; multiscale modeling; high performance computing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue explores the rapidly growing field of physics-informed machine learning (PiML), which integrates machine learning techniques with physical laws and domain knowledge to advance scientific computing and modeling. By incorporating governing equations such as partial differential equations (PDEs) into the learning process, PiML provides powerful tools to address forward and inverse problems, improve accuracy and generalization, and reduce computational costs. This issue features contributions encompassing foundational methodologies—such as physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), operator learning, graph-based approaches, and architecture-imposed conditions—and their diverse applications in areas such as fluid dynamics, structural analysis, material science, and climate modeling. This collection addresses current challenges, including scalability, generalization, and robustness, while highlighting emerging trends and open questions in this transformative field.

Dr. Kuangdai Leng
Dr. Lu Lu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • physics-informed machine learning
  • neural networks
  • partial differential equations
  • scientific computing
  • operator learning
  • physics-based modeling
  • inverse problems
  • computational science
  • uncertainty quantification
  • data-driven simulations

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 12737 KB  
Article
Curriculum-Enhanced Adaptive Sampling for Physics-Informed Neural Networks: A Robust Framework for Stiff PDEs
by Hasan Cetinkaya, Fahrettin Ay, Mehmet Tunçel, Hazem Nounou, Mohamed Numan Nounou, Hasan Kurban and Erchin Serpedin
Mathematics 2025, 13(24), 3996; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13243996 - 15 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2035
Abstract
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) often struggle with stiff partial differential equations (PDEs) exhibiting sharp gradients and extreme nonlinearities. We propose a Curriculum-Enhanced (CE) Adaptive Sampling framework that integrates curriculum learning with adaptive refinement to improve PINN training. Our framework introduces four methods: CE-RARG [...] Read more.
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) often struggle with stiff partial differential equations (PDEs) exhibiting sharp gradients and extreme nonlinearities. We propose a Curriculum-Enhanced (CE) Adaptive Sampling framework that integrates curriculum learning with adaptive refinement to improve PINN training. Our framework introduces four methods: CE-RARG (greedy sampling), CE-RARD (probabilistic sampling), and their novel difficulty-aware dynamic counterparts, CED-RARG and CED-RARD, which adjust refinement effort based on task difficulty. We test these methods on five challenging stiff PDEs: the Allen–Cahn, Burgers’ (I and II), Korteweg–de Vries (KdV), and Reaction equations. Our methods consistently outperform both Vanilla PINNs and curriculum-only baselines. In the most difficult regimes, CED-RARD achieves errors up to 100 times lower for the Burgers’ and KdV equations. For the Allen–Cahn and Reaction equations, CED-RARG proves most effective, reducing errors by over 40% compared to its non-dynamic counterpart and by over two orders of magnitude relative to Vanilla PINN. Visualizations confirm that our methods effectively allocate collocation points to high-gradient regions. By demonstrating success across a wide range of stiffness parameters, we provide a robust and reproducible framework for solving stiff PDEs, with all code and datasets publicly available. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physics-Informed Machine Learning: Methodologies and Applications)
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