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Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing (3rd Edition)
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Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Manufacturing Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 6842

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francesca Lionetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
Interests: material characterization; ultrasonic wave propagation; polymer rheology; curing kinetics of thermosetting matrices; polymer matrix composites; polymer composite processing and joining; heat transfer modelling; polymer based nanocomposites; hybrid welding of dissimilar materials; micro and nanoplastics; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Further to the success of the Special Issue of Materials entitled “Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing II”, I am delighted to open a new Special Issue entitled “Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing  III”.

Ultrasound is currently employed for multiple purposes in a vast range of fields, from the non-destructive inspection of materials to the sonochemical synthesis of materials and welding. Usually, ultrasonic applications are divided into low-intensity–high-frequency ultrasound and high-intensity–low-frequency ultrasound. Low-intensity ultrasound transmits energy through a medium in order to obtain information about the medium or to convey information through the medium. Today, it is an essential tool utilized to assess metals, plastics, aerospace composites, wood, concrete, and cement. High-intensity ultrasound deliberately affects the propagation medium via the high local temperatures and pressures generated primarily by acoustic cavitation.

This Special Issue aims to present recent advances in ultrasound, addressing fundamental science as well as the applications of ultrasound in the field of engineering material characterization and material processing, with the analysis of heat and mass transfer related to the propagation of ultrasonic waves in a material.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of original articles and review papers addressing the following themes:

Low-intensity ultrasound: non-destructive inspection; ultrasonic dynamic analysis; ultrasonic rheology; ultrasonic spectroscopy of materials; process monitoring and applications in civil, aerospace, and geological materials and structures; and the characterization of biological media; imaging and mapping.

High-intensity ultrasound: industrial processes such as welding, cleaning, emulsification, atomization, etc.; chemical reactions and reactors induced by ultrasonic waves; synthesis of organic and inorganic materials; microstructural effects; heat generation; accelerated materials characterization using ultrasonic fatigue testing; and food processing and environmental protection.

Contributions addressing heat and transport phenomena in ultrasound-based applications are also welcome.

I kindly invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue. Full papers, communications, and reviews are all welcome.

Dr. Francesca Lionetto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultrasonic wave propagation
  • non-destructive inspection
  • guided waves
  • material characterization
  • viscolastic properties
  • ultrasonic welding
  • ultrasonic sonochemistry
  • numerical modeling
  • heat and mass transport phenomena
  • food processing
  • environmental protection
  • industrial processing

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4269 KiB  
Article
Ultrasound-Assisted Preparation of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanocapsules with an Oil Core
by Natan Rajtar, Grzegorz Łazarski, Aleksander Foryś, Łukasz Otulakowski, Barbara Trzebicka, Dorota Jamróz and Mariusz Kepczynski
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4524; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184524 - 14 Sep 2024
Viewed by 441
Abstract
Liquid-core nanocapsules (NCs) coated with amphiphilic hyaluronic acid (AmHA) have been proposed for the preparation of drug and food formulations. Herein, we focused on the use of ultrasound techniques to (i) optimize the polysaccharide chain length with respect to the properties of NCs [...] Read more.
Liquid-core nanocapsules (NCs) coated with amphiphilic hyaluronic acid (AmHA) have been proposed for the preparation of drug and food formulations. Herein, we focused on the use of ultrasound techniques to (i) optimize the polysaccharide chain length with respect to the properties of NCs stabilized with AmHAs and (ii) form oil-core nanocapsules with a coating composed of AmHAs. The results indicate that sonication is a convenient and effective method that allows for a controlled reduction in HA molecular weight. The initial (H-HA) and degraded (L-HA) polysaccharides were then reacted with dodecylamine to obtain hydrophobic HA derivatives (HA-C12s). Then, NCs were prepared based on HA-C12s using ultrasound-assisted emulsification of glyceryl triacetate oil. The nanocapsules coated with L-HA-C12 showed greater stability compared to the longer-chain polysaccharide. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that HA-C12 readily adsorbs at the water–oil interphase, adopting a more compact conformation compared to that in the aqueous phase. The dodecyl groups are immersed in the oil droplet, while the main polysaccharide chain remaining in the aqueous phase forms hydrogen bonds or water bridges with the polar part of the triglycerides, thus increasing the stability of the NC. Our research underscores the usefulness of ultrasound technology in preparing suitable formulations of bioactive substances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing (3rd Edition))
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17 pages, 7422 KiB  
Article
An Evaluation of the Impact Effect on the Surface Microstructure and Its Induced Temperature Changes during Ultrasonic-Assisted Micro-Forging
by Zidong Yin, Weiqiang Wan and Ming Yang
Materials 2024, 17(16), 4123; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164123 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 432
Abstract
In the field of ultrasonic-assisted micro-forming, in addition to acoustic softening, impact effects also play a significant role, especially in terms of influencing the deformation behavior of surfaces, such as by generating more deformation on surface asperity. In this study, to understand the [...] Read more.
In the field of ultrasonic-assisted micro-forming, in addition to acoustic softening, impact effects also play a significant role, especially in terms of influencing the deformation behavior of surfaces, such as by generating more deformation on surface asperity. In this study, to understand the mechanisms involved in the effect of an impact, ultrasonic-assisted micro-forging tests were conducted on commercially pure copper, pure aluminum, and pure titanium. A method that can measure the increment in the temperature during ultrasonic vibration was developed. As a result, changes in the surface temperature of the material under the impact effect and acoustic softening were measured. It is indicated that, during ultrasonic vibration, the heat generated through acoustic softening is very limited and the main heat increase occurs after the impact effect. Once the impact effect occurs, the surface temperature increases with increasing amplitude. Nevertheless, for materials with different crystal structures, the influences of the impact effect are also different. The surfaces of copper and aluminum soften, creating more surface deformation, but the exact opposite effect is seen on a titanium surface. Observing the evolution of the microstructure on the material surface with EBSD demonstrates that the impact effect on FCC materials can reach deeper below the surface in terms of temperature diffusion compared to titanium. Meanwhile, the impact effect in the case of titanium causes the regeneration of twinning, which is reduced under the influence of the acoustic softening effect, consequently resulting in strain hardening. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing (3rd Edition))
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20 pages, 7247 KiB  
Article
Study of Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) and Ultrasonic Surface Rolling (USR) Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Property of a High-Strength Martensitic Steel
by Yi Hou, Chenfeng Duan, Xiaoqiang Li and Shengguan Qu
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2752; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112752 - 5 Jun 2024
Viewed by 3185
Abstract
Steel with a combination of strength and plasticity is prevalently demanded for lightweight design and emission reductions in manufacturing. In this study, a high-strength Cr-Ni-Mo martensitic steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) and ultrasonic surface rolling (USR) processes was studied for both [...] Read more.
Steel with a combination of strength and plasticity is prevalently demanded for lightweight design and emission reductions in manufacturing. In this study, a high-strength Cr-Ni-Mo martensitic steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q&P) and ultrasonic surface rolling (USR) processes was studied for both strength and plasticity enhancement. Specimens were austenitized at 850 °C and then quenched to 240 °C via cooling by water, oil, and normalization in quenching. This was followed by partitioning, in which two groups of specimens were heated to 370 °C and 350 °C for 45 min, respectively. At last, all the specimens were quenched to room temperature with the same methods of quenching. The highest tensile strength increased from 681.73 MPa to 1389.76 MPa when compared to as-received (AR) steel after the Q&P process. The USR process with a static force of 800 N further improved the tensile strength of specimens with high tensile strength after the Q&P process, which improved from 1389.76 MPa to 1586.62 MPa and the product’s strength and elongation (PSE) increased from 15.76 GPa% to 15.9 GPa%, while the total elongation showed a mitigatory decrease from 11.34% to 10.02%. Tensile fractures were also studied and verified using a combination of strength and plasticity after a combined process of Q&P and USR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing (3rd Edition))
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15 pages, 9413 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Use of Ultrasonic Waves to Assist Laser Welding
by Mohamad Salimi, Ahmed Teyeb, Evelyne El Masri, Samiul Hoque, Phil Carr, Wamadeva Balachandran and Tat-Hean Gan
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2521; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112521 - 23 May 2024
Viewed by 810
Abstract
This study evaluates the enhancement of laser welding using ultrasonic waves aimed at reorganising the intermetallic position in such a fashion that leads to increased mechanical properties of welds in battery pack assemblies for electric vehicles. The experiment employed 20 kHz and 40 [...] Read more.
This study evaluates the enhancement of laser welding using ultrasonic waves aimed at reorganising the intermetallic position in such a fashion that leads to increased mechanical properties of welds in battery pack assemblies for electric vehicles. The experiment employed 20 kHz and 40 kHz High-Power Ultrasound Transducers (HPUTs) in both contact and contactless modes. A simplified experimental configuration is suggested to represent conditions similar to those found in electric vehicle battery pack assemblies. Measurements of vibration transmission to aluminium alloy 1050 plates revealed more than a 1000-fold increase in acceleration amplitude in contact mode compared to contactless mode. The 20 kHz transducer in contactless mode demonstrated superior performance, showing a 10% increase in load and 27% increase in extension compared to welding without ultrasonic assistance. On the other hand, the 40 kHz transducer, while still improved over non-ultrasonic methods, showed less pronounced benefits. This suggests that lower-frequency ultrasonic assistance (20 kHz) is more effective in this specific context. The study explores ultrasonic assistance in laser welding copper (Cu101) to aluminium alloy 1050 using 20 kHz and 40 kHz HPUTs, showing that both transducers enhance microstructural integrity by reducing copper homogenisation into aluminium, with the 20 kHz frequency proving more effective in this context. A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the transmission of pressure into the molten pool of the weld, correlated with the vibration results obtained from the 20 kHz transducer. The numerical simulation confirms that no cavitation is initiated in the molten pool area, and all improvements are solely due to the ultrasonic waves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing (3rd Edition))
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15 pages, 6593 KiB  
Article
Advanced Analysis of the Properties of Solid-Wire Electric Contacts Produced by Ultrasonic Welding and Soldering
by Andraž Logar, Damjan Klobčar, Aleš Nagode, Uroš Trdan, Gregor Černivec and Abhay Sharma
Materials 2024, 17(2), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020334 - 9 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1289
Abstract
The current article presents an advanced analysis of the properties of solid-wire electric contacts produced with ultrasonic welding and soldering. Soldering is generally used to join thin, solid copper wires to produce electrical contacts in small-volume production, as ultrasonic welding does not provide [...] Read more.
The current article presents an advanced analysis of the properties of solid-wire electric contacts produced with ultrasonic welding and soldering. Soldering is generally used to join thin, solid copper wires to produce electrical contacts in small-volume production, as ultrasonic welding does not provide acceptable peel force and tensile strength due to the deformation and thinning of the wires. In this article, ultrasonic welding of thin, solid copper wires using a ring before and after a thermal shock test is discussed and compared with the standard soldering technique. The thermal shock test was carried out in the temperature range from −30 to 150 °C. Half of the samples, for both the joining techniques and the wires, were subjected to the thermal shock test; the other half were not. Investigations included electrical resistance tests, optical and SEM microscopy, XRD, microhardness measurements, peel tests, tensile tests, and fractographic analysis. The electrical resistance test, microscopy, microhardness measurements, and fracture examinations showed no differences between the thermal shock-exposed and the non-exposed samples with the same joining process. In mechanical tests, the ultrasonic joint demonstrated superior strength compared to the soldered joint. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasound for Material Characterization and Processing (3rd Edition))
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