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Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials (Second Edition)
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Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials (Second Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 3788

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiaogang Li

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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: engineering; nuclear power plant; corrosion; alloy design; microstructure; mechanical property; welding; fracture and failure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
NanoCorr, Energy & Modelling (NCEM) Research Group, Department of Design & Engineering, Bournemouth University, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK
Interests: multidisciplinary research in wear-corrosion synergy; nano-coating incorporating tribo-corrosion issues; thermodynamics and numerical modelling; sustainable methodologies of preventing corrosion and coating failures in large complex interacting systems; nanocomposite coatings for tribological applications; energy generation; conversion and storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The success of the first volume of the Special Issue entitled “Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials” underscores that corrosion-related issues remain a significant concern and require further research. This fact encouraged us to create a second Special Issue under the same title that will further present state-of-the-art advances in corrosion behavior and the mechanical properties of metallic materials.

Globally, more than USD 400 million/year is spent on corrosion protection and the resulting productivity losses. Corrosion, a process associated with the chemical/electrochemical reaction, often has a deleterious consequence on mechanical properties, ultimately resulting in the degradation of a material. Metallic components, widely employed in various industries, i.e., oil, gas, marine, nuclear, fuel cells, medicine and electricity generation, often suffer from severe corrosion, which can be detrimental to service life and even cause serious accidents. Additionally, extreme corrosive environments are also one of the main restrictions on the application of advanced metallic materials with excellent mechanical properties. Thus, understanding corrosion behavior and its effect on mechanical properties will always be of great practical significance to the development and application of metallic materials. Corrosion behavior leads to the degradation of mechanical properties, and both are affected by the service environment and the physical and chemical properties of the material itself.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide a research forum to report the corrosion behavior, as well the related mechanical properties, chemical composition and microstructure, of metallic materials to address existing corrosion challenges and assist in the development of super corrosion-resistant materials.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the studies mentioned above. Other relevant studies, such as hydrogen embrittlement, the characterization of the corroded microstructure, the corrosion mechanism of advanced materials, the method of surface treatment to improve corrosion resistance, the evolution mechanism of mechanical properties in a corrosive environment and the design of novel corrosion-resistant materials, will also be considered, which could enhance the knowledge of corrosion protection. Research articles and reviews in this area of study are welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Xiaogang Li
Prof. Dr. Zulfiqar Ahmad Khan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metallic materials
  • corrosion behavior
  • mechanical properties
  • microstructure
  • anti-corrosion methods
  • corrosion-resistant material
  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • electrochemical reaction

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 5771 KB  
Article
Assessment of 10CrMo9-10 Power Engineering Steel Degradation State by Using Small Punch Test
by Kamil Majchrowicz, Barbara Romelczyk-Baishya, Monika Wieczorek-Czarnocka, Szymon Marciniak, Milena Mras, Dominik Kukla, Mateusz Kopec and Zbigniew Pakieła
Materials 2025, 18(17), 4133; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174133 - 3 Sep 2025
Viewed by 732
Abstract
Degradation of power engineering steel structures requires constant monitoring of their mechanical properties to estimate remaining service life. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a methodology that will enable for accurate determination of changes in mechanical properties of 10CrMo9-10 steel after long-term [...] Read more.
Degradation of power engineering steel structures requires constant monitoring of their mechanical properties to estimate remaining service life. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a methodology that will enable for accurate determination of changes in mechanical properties of 10CrMo9-10 steel after long-term exploitation involving the Small Punch Test (SPT). Firstly, the as-received 10CrMo9-10 steel was annealed at 770 °C for different periods (1.5, 6 and 24 h) to deteriorate its strength to a level similar to its exploited counterpart. Then, mechanical properties were characterized by uniaxial tensile tests and the SPT method using miniaturized discs with a diameter of 8 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm as recommended by the EN 10371:2021 standard. It allowed to determine a formula correlating the SPT results (i.e., elastic–plastic transition force and maximum force) with the yield and ultimate tensile strength. The βRp0.2 and βRm correlation factors were equal to 0.437 and 0.255, respectively. Finally, the exploited 10CrMo9-10 steel was tested by the SPT method. Based on the SPT results, the values of Rp0.2 = 236 ± 27 MPa and Rm = 459 ± 17 MPa were estimated, which were close to those assessed during the uniaxial tensile tests (Rp0.2 = 218 ± 3 MPa and Rm = 454 ± 4 MPa). It was shown that the application of such a relatively simple method is a promising way for determining the changes in mechanical properties of structural steels after long-term service at elevated temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials (Second Edition))
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28 pages, 10376 KB  
Article
Assessment of the Corrosion Rate of Maraging Steel M350 Produced by Additive Manufacturing Using the Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Method and Surface Finishing Techniques
by Krzysztof Żaba, Martyna Szczepańska, Maciej Balcerzak, Sławomir Kac and Piotr Żabinski
Materials 2025, 18(17), 4098; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174098 - 1 Sep 2025
Viewed by 660
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of additive manufacturing parameters, specifically using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and surface finishing methods on the corrosion rate and behavior of maraging steel M350 components. Samples were fabricated via LPBF employing varying [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of additive manufacturing parameters, specifically using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), and surface finishing methods on the corrosion rate and behavior of maraging steel M350 components. Samples were fabricated via LPBF employing varying laser powers (80 W, 100 W, and 120 W) and subsequently subjected to mechanical polishing. Corrosion performance was evaluated through 450 h immersion tests in a 3.5% aqueous NaCl solution and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. Microstructural characterization and surface topography assessments were performed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and profilometry. The results demonstrate a strong influence of temperature, manufacturing parameters, and polishing on corrosion processes. At room temperature, higher laser power reduced corrosion rates due to better powder consolidation and lower porosity, whereas at 45 °C, the trend reversed, with the highest corrosion rates observed for samples produced at 120 W. Mechanical polishing significantly reduced surface roughness (Ra from ~7–10 μm to ~0.6–1 μm) but did not improve corrosion resistance; in some cases, it increased corrosion rates, likely due to stress redistribution and exposure of subsurface defects. Potentiodynamic tests confirmed that higher laser power reduced corrosion current density for unpolished surfaces, but polishing increased current density at 80 W more than twofold. The findings indicate that optimizing LPBF process parameters is crucial for improving the corrosion resistance of M350 steel. High laser power (≥120 W) is beneficial at ambient conditions, while lower powers (80–100 W) perform better at elevated temperatures. Mechanical polishing alone is insufficient for enhancing resistance and should be combined with stress-relief and porosity-reduction treatments. These results provide guidelines for tailoring additive manufacturing strategies to ensure reliable performance of M350 steel in chloride-rich environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials (Second Edition))
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15 pages, 2859 KB  
Article
Corrosion Performance in 0.5 mol/L HF Solution of Cr-Cu-Mo-Ni Porous Alloys with Varying Cr Contents
by Jiefeng Wang, Yulong Feng, Xide Li, Junsheng Yang and Wenkai Jiang
Materials 2025, 18(17), 4012; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18174012 - 27 Aug 2025
Viewed by 400
Abstract
An activation reaction sintering process was utilized to produce Cr-Cu-Mo-Ni porous alloys. Subsequently, weight loss measurements and electrochemical methods were applied to investigate the effect of Cr content ranging from 10wt% to 30wt% on the corrosive properties of Cr-Cu-Mo-Ni alloys in a 0.5 [...] Read more.
An activation reaction sintering process was utilized to produce Cr-Cu-Mo-Ni porous alloys. Subsequently, weight loss measurements and electrochemical methods were applied to investigate the effect of Cr content ranging from 10wt% to 30wt% on the corrosive properties of Cr-Cu-Mo-Ni alloys in a 0.5 mol/L HF solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analyses (XRD) were performed to assess the structural morphology and phase composition. As the results illustrated, Cr-Cu-Mo-Ni porous alloys possess good corrosion resistance, which is significantly higher than that of dense Ni and Cu alloys. The anti-corrosion performance of porous alloys is not proportional to the Cr content when the Cr concentration is gradually increased. When the chromium content is 20%, it exhibits the best corrosion resistance. Electrochemical measurements yielded similar results to weight loss measurements. With an increasing Cr content, double capacitive loops in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests for Cr-Cu-Mo-Ni porous alloys first increased and then decreased, indicating that the corrosion process can be regulated by an electrochemical reaction. Meanwhile, after analysis, the results show that the corrosion products on the material surface adhere to the inner surface of the pores, thus improving the corrosion resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials (Second Edition))
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15 pages, 3954 KB  
Article
Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Orientation-Dependent Mechanical Behaviors of ZnO Single Crystals Under Nanoindentation
by Xiaolin Zhu, Jijun Li, Shiting Yang, Weiguang Zhang, Xiuxia Li, Hui Tang, Fengchao Lang, Lin Lin, Xiaohu Hou, Xueping Zhao and Jiayi Chen
Materials 2025, 18(16), 3905; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18163905 - 21 Aug 2025
Viewed by 498
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the orientation-dependent mechanical behaviors of ZnO single crystals under nanoindentation by molecular dynamics simulation. The load–indentation depth curves, atomic displacement, shear strain and dislocations for the c-plane, m-plane and a-plane ZnO single crystals were analyzed in detail. [...] Read more.
The present study aims to investigate the orientation-dependent mechanical behaviors of ZnO single crystals under nanoindentation by molecular dynamics simulation. The load–indentation depth curves, atomic displacement, shear strain and dislocations for the c-plane, m-plane and a-plane ZnO single crystals were analyzed in detail. The simulation results showed that the elastic deformation stage of the loading curves for the three oriented ZnO single crystals can be described well by the Herz elastic contact model. The Young modulus values for the c-plane, m-plane and a-plane ZnO were calculated to be 122.5 GPa, 158.3 GPa and 170.5 GPa, respectively. The onset of plastic deformation occurred first in a-plane ZnO, then in m-plane ZnO, and lastly in c-planeZnO. The atomic displacement vectors in the three oriented ZnO single crystals were in good agreement with the primary activated slip systems predicted by the maximum Schmid factor. For the c-plane ZnO, the activated pyramidal {112¯2}<112¯3> slip system led to a complex dislocation pattern surrounding the indenter. A U-shaped prismatic half-loop was formed in the [211¯0] direction, confirming the activation of the prismatic {101¯0}<112¯0> slip system. For the m-plane ZnO, the activated prismatic {101¯0}<112¯0> slip system led to the preferential nucleation of dislocations along the 11¯20 and [2¯110] directions. A prismatic loop was formed and emitted along the [2¯110] direction, governed by a confined glide on {101¯0} planes. For the a-plane ZnO, the activated prismatic {101¯0}<112¯0> slip system led to dislocations concentrated in the [1¯1¯20] direction beneath the indentation pit, emitting a prismatic loop along this direction. Perfect dislocation (with a Burgers vector of 1/3 <12¯10>) is the dominant dislocation in the three oriented ZnO single crystals. The findings are expected to deepen insights into the anisotropic mechanical properties of ZnO single crystals, offering guidance for the development and applications of ZnO-based devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials (Second Edition))
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14 pages, 9327 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Crack Formation in Heat Pipe-Welded Joints
by Min Ji Song, Keun Hyung Lee, Jun-Seob Lee, Heesan Kim, Woo Cheol Kim and Soo Yeol Lee
Materials 2025, 18(9), 2028; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18092028 - 29 Apr 2025
Viewed by 645
Abstract
This study investigates the failure of a 750A dual-insulated pipeline, where cracks developed along the weld joints during heat supply resumption at the district heating facility. A comprehensive analysis was conducted through visual inspection, mechanical testing, microstructural characterization, finite element analysis (FEA), and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the failure of a 750A dual-insulated pipeline, where cracks developed along the weld joints during heat supply resumption at the district heating facility. A comprehensive analysis was conducted through visual inspection, mechanical testing, microstructural characterization, finite element analysis (FEA), and electrochemical corrosion testing. The results indicate that cracks were generated in the heat-affected zone (HAZ), primarily caused by galvanic corrosion and thermal expansion-induced stress accumulation. Open circuit potential (OCP) measurements in a 3 M NaCl solution confirmed that the HAZ was anodic, leading to the most vulnerable position to corrosion. Furthermore, localized electrochemical tests were conducted for respective microstructural regions within the HAZ. The results reveal that coarse-grained HAZ exhibited the lowest corrosion potential, giving rise to preferential corrosion, promoting pit formation, and serving as initiation sites for stress concentration and crack propagation. FEA simulations demonstrate that pre-existing microvoids in the HAZ act as stress concentration sites, undergoing a localized stress exceeding 475 MPa. These findings emphasize the importance of controlling microstructural stability and mechanical integrity in welded pipelines, particularly in corrosive environments subjected to thermal stresses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Corrosion Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Metallic Materials (Second Edition))
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