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New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR...
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New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 48137

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes, UMR 7245 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier (CP54), 75005 Paris, France
Interests: marine natural product chemistry; marine sponges; marine microbiology; marine chemical ecology; bioactivity; antifouling, anti-biofilm compounds
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The marine field continues to represent a prolific source of innovative natural products with remarkable biological activities. However, the structure elucidation of these specialized metabolites is often a true challenge due to their small quantity and their complexity. Most of the isolated molecules possess multiple stereocenters, can be halogenated or have peculiar functional groups. Assigning the absolute stereostructure and the conformational properties, which are crucial in biological activities, remains a challenging problem.

X-Ray analyses for crystalline compounds or chemical synthesis approaches including chemical degradation as well as NMR chiral derivatization but also computational studies are the main strategies developed for elucidating the absolute configuration of these molecules. More recently, original approaches of chiroptical methods such as electronic circular dichroism and vibrational circular dichroism have emerged as powerful tools expanding the traditional methods.

This Special Issue proposes to focus on the different challenging strategies, including advanced NMR and innovative stereochemistry determination approaches, for solving the identification of the marine natural products.

Dr. Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • NMR analyses
  • X-ray structure analyses
  • partial or total enantioselective synthesis
  • chemical degradation
  • NMR analyses of Mosher esters and related derivatives
  • electronic circular dichroism (ECD or CD)
  • vibrational circular dichroism (VCD)

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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10 pages, 2160 KiB  
Article
1H NMR-Based Isolation of Anti-Inflammatory 9,11-Secosteroids from the Octocoral Sinularia leptoclados
by Yu-Chia Chang, Kuei-Hung Lai, Sunil Kumar, Po-Jen Chen, Yi-Hsuan Wu, Ching-Long Lai, Hsi-Lung Hsieh, Ping-Jyun Sung and Tsong-Long Hwang
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(5), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18050271 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3040
Abstract
Octocoral Sinularia leptoclados has been identified as a source of bioactive 9,11-secosteroids. This study adopted a targeted isolation approach to the discovery and analysis of five 9,11-secosteroids, including two novel compounds named sinleptosterols A (1) and B (2) as [...] Read more.
Octocoral Sinularia leptoclados has been identified as a source of bioactive 9,11-secosteroids. This study adopted a targeted isolation approach to the discovery and analysis of five 9,11-secosteroids, including two novel compounds named sinleptosterols A (1) and B (2) as well as five known analogues (8αH-3β,11-dihydroxy-24-methylene-9,11-secocholest-5-en-9-one (3), 8βH-3β,11-dihydroxy-24-methylene-9,11-secocholest-5-en-9-one (4), leptosterol A (5), (24S)-3β,11-dihydroxy-24-methyl-9,11-secocholest-5-en-9-one (6), and 3β,11-dihydroxy-9,11-secogorgost-5-en-9-one (7)) in terms of 1H-NMR patterns and potency against neutrophilic inflammation. The structure of secosteroids 1 and 2 was deduced from general spectroscopic analysis and an examination of NMR spectra. Among the above-mentioned isolates, compound 4 had the most pronounced effect in inhibiting elastase release and superoxide anion generation, with the IC50 values of 2.96 and 1.63 μM, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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14 pages, 2465 KiB  
Article
LC–HRMS and Chemical Derivatization Strategies for the Structure Elucidation of Caribbean Ciguatoxins: Identification of C-CTX-3 and -4
by Fedor Kryuchkov, Alison Robertson, Christopher O. Miles, Elizabeth M. Mudge and Silvio Uhlig
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(4), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18040182 - 31 Mar 2020
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 3803
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning is linked to the ingestion of seafood that is contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The structural variability of these polyether toxins in nature remains poorly understood due to the low concentrations present even in highly toxic fish, which makes isolation and chemical [...] Read more.
Ciguatera poisoning is linked to the ingestion of seafood that is contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The structural variability of these polyether toxins in nature remains poorly understood due to the low concentrations present even in highly toxic fish, which makes isolation and chemical characterization difficult. We studied the mass spectrometric fragmentation of Caribbean CTXs, i.e., the epimers C-CTX-1 and -2 (1 and 2), using a sensitive UHPLC–HRMS/MS approach in order to identify product ions of diagnostic value. We found that the fragmentation of the ladder-frame backbone follows a characteristic pattern and propose a generalized nomenclature for the ions formed. These data were applied to the structural characterization of a pair of so far poorly characterized isomers, C-CTX-3 and -4 (3 and 4), which we found to be reduced at C-56 relative to 1 and 2. Furthermore, we tested and applied reduction and oxidation reactions, monitored by LC–HRMS, in order to confirm the structures of 3 and 4. Reduction of 1 and 2 with NaBH4 afforded 3 and 4, thereby unambiguously confirming the identities of 3 and 4. In summary, this work provides a foundation for mass spectrometry-based characterization of new C-CTXs, including a suite of simple chemical reactions to assist the examination of structural modifications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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15 pages, 1438 KiB  
Article
Polyketide Derivatives from Mangrove Derived Endophytic Fungus Pseudopestalotiopsis theae
by Xiaoqin Yu, Werner E. G. Müller, Dieter Meier, Rainer Kalscheuer, Zhiyong Guo, Kun Zou, Blessing O. Umeokoli, Zhen Liu and Peter Proksch
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(2), 129; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18020129 - 23 Feb 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4368
Abstract
Chemical investigation of secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Pseudopestalotiopsis theae led to the isolation of eighteen new polyketide derivatives, pestalotheols I–Q (1–9) and cytosporins O–W (15–23), together with eight known analogs (10– [...] Read more.
Chemical investigation of secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Pseudopestalotiopsis theae led to the isolation of eighteen new polyketide derivatives, pestalotheols I–Q (1–9) and cytosporins O–W (15–23), together with eight known analogs (10–14 and 24–26). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by HRMS and 1D and 2D NMR data, as well as by comparison with literature data. Modified Mosher’s method was applied to determine the absolute configuration of some compounds. Compound 23 showed significant cytotoxicity against the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y with an IC50 value of 3.0 μM. Furthermore, compounds 22 and 23 showed moderate antibacterial activity against drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC BAA-1605) in combination with sublethal colistin concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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13 pages, 1735 KiB  
Article
Monarubins A–C from the Marine Shellfish-Associated Fungus Monascus ruber BB5
by Yan-Qin Ran, Wen-Jian Lan, Yi Qiu, Qi Guo, Gong-Kan Feng, Rong Deng, Xiao-Feng Zhu, Hou-Jin Li and Jun Dong
Mar. Drugs 2020, 18(2), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/md18020100 - 3 Feb 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3518
Abstract
Three new compounds, monarubins A–C (1, 6 and 13), together with ten known compounds, including four alkaloids (2–5), two isocoumarins (7 and 8) and four polyketides (9–12), were isolated from [...] Read more.
Three new compounds, monarubins A–C (1, 6 and 13), together with ten known compounds, including four alkaloids (2–5), two isocoumarins (7 and 8) and four polyketides (9–12), were isolated from marine shellfish-associated fungus Monascus ruber BB5. The structures were determined on the basis of the 1D and 2D NMR, MS, UV and IR data. The absolute configurations of compounds 3, 6 and 13 were determined by ECD calculations. The NMR data of compounds deoxyhydroxyaspergillic acid (3) and 2-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl)-3-sec-buthylpyrazine (4) were first reported. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines CNE1, CNE2, SUNE1 and HONE1 and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines QGY7701 and HepG2. Monarubin B (6) displayed potent cytotoxicities against the cancer cell lines HepG2 and QGY7701 with IC50 values of 1.72 and 0.71 μΜ, respectively; lunatinin (7) showed moderate cytotoxic activities against the cancer cell lines HepG2, QGY7701 and SUNE1 with the IC50 values of 9.60, 7.12 and 28.12 μΜ, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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9 pages, 1472 KiB  
Article
Four New Insecticidal Xanthene Derivatives from the Mangrove-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. JY246
by Meng Bai, Cai-Juan Zheng, Xu-Hua Nong, Xue-Ming Zhou, You-Ping Luo and Guang-Ying Chen
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(12), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17120649 - 20 Nov 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 2943
Abstract
Four new xanthene derivatives, penicixanthenes A–D (1–4), and one known compound 5 were isolated from a marine mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. JY246 that was obtained from the stem of Ceriops tagal. Their structures were determined by detailed [...] Read more.
Four new xanthene derivatives, penicixanthenes A–D (1–4), and one known compound 5 were isolated from a marine mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. JY246 that was obtained from the stem of Ceriops tagal. Their structures were determined by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic data, modified Mosher’s method, and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. All of the isolated compounds were examined for insecticidal activity. Compounds 2 and 3 showed growth inhibition activity against newly hatched larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner with the IC50 values 100 and 200 μg/mL, respectively, and compounds 1, 3, and 4 showed insecticidal activity against newly hatched larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus with LC50 values of 38.5 (±1.16), 11.6 (±0.58), and 20.5 (±1) μg/mL, respectively. The four xanthene derivatives have the potential to be developed as new biopesticides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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22 pages, 2207 KiB  
Article
Novel Microcystins from Planktothrix prolifica NIVA-CYA 544 Identified by LC-MS/MS, Functional Group Derivatization and 15N-labeling
by Vittoria Mallia, Silvio Uhlig, Cheryl Rafuse, Juris Meija and Christopher O. Miles
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(11), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17110643 - 15 Nov 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4833
Abstract
Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptides from cyanobacteria that are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases and are toxic to animals and humans. At present, more than 250 microcystin variants are known, with variants reported for all seven peptide moieties. While d-glutamic acid (d [...] Read more.
Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptides from cyanobacteria that are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases and are toxic to animals and humans. At present, more than 250 microcystin variants are known, with variants reported for all seven peptide moieties. While d-glutamic acid (d-Glu) is highly-conserved at position-6 of microcystins, there has been only one report of a cyanobacterium (Anabaena) producing microcystins containing l-Glu at the variable 2- and 4-positions. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses of extracts from Planktothrix prolifica NIVA-CYA 544 led to the tentative identification of two new Glu-containing microcystins, [d-Asp3]MC-ER (12) and [d-Asp3]MC-EE (13). Structure determination was aided by thiol derivatization of the Mdha7-moiety and esterification of the carboxylic acid groups, while 15N-labeling of the culture and isotopic profile analysis assisted the determination of the number of nitrogen atoms present and the elemental composition of molecular and product-ions. The major microcystin analog in the extracts was [d-Asp3]MC-RR (1). A microcystin with an unprecedented high-molecular-mass (2116 Da) was also detected and tentatively identified as a sulfide-linked conjugate of [d-Asp3]MC-RR (15) by LC–HRMS/MS and sulfide oxidation, together with its sulfoxide (16) produced via autoxidation. Low levels of [d-Asp3]MC-RW (14), [d-Asp3]MC-LR (4), [d-Asp3,Mser7]MC-RR (11), [d-Asp3]MC-RY (17), [d-Asp3]MC-RF (18), [d-Asp3]MC-RR–glutathione conjugate (19), and [d-Asp3]MC-RCit (20), the first reported microcystin containing citrulline, were also identified in the extract, and an oxidized derivative of [d-Asp3]MC-RR and the cysteine conjugate of 1 were partially characterized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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9 pages, 944 KiB  
Article
Prenylated Phenol and Benzofuran Derivatives from Aspergillus terreus EN-539, an Endophytic Fungus Derived from Marine Red Alga Laurencia okamurai
by Hong-Lei Li, Xiao-Ming Li, Sui-Qun Yang, Ling-Hong Meng, Xin Li and Bin-Gui Wang
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(11), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17110605 - 24 Oct 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3048
Abstract
Three new prenylated phenol derivatives, terreprenphenols A–C (1–3), along with four known related compounds (4–7), were isolated from Aspergillus terreus EN-539, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai. The structures [...] Read more.
Three new prenylated phenol derivatives, terreprenphenols A–C (1–3), along with four known related compounds (4–7), were isolated from Aspergillus terreus EN-539, an endophytic fungus obtained from the marine red alga Laurencia okamurai. The structures of these compounds were established by extensive analysis of 1D/2D NMR data, mass spectrometric data, and optical rotation (OR). The corresponding relationship between absolute configuration and optical rotation for known compounds anodendroic acid (4) and asperterreusine C (5) was ambiguous in literature, and their absolute configurations were therefore discussed and confirmed for the first time by time-dependent density functional (TDDFT) ECD and OR calculations. Compounds 1–7 inhibited some common aquatic bacteria with MIC values ranging from 2 to 64 μg/mL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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14 pages, 3784 KiB  
Article
Bioactive Diketopiperazines and Nucleoside Derivatives from a Sponge-Derived Streptomyces Species
by Lamiaa A. Shaala, Diaa T. A. Youssef, Jihan M. Badr, Steve M. Harakeh and Grégory Genta-Jouve
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(10), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17100584 - 16 Oct 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3571
Abstract
Fractionation and purification of the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a sponge-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces species Call-36, resulted in the isolation and identification of a new diketopiperazine, actinozine A (1), cyclo(2-OH-d-Pro-l-Leu) (2), two new [...] Read more.
Fractionation and purification of the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of a sponge-derived actinomycete, Streptomyces species Call-36, resulted in the isolation and identification of a new diketopiperazine, actinozine A (1), cyclo(2-OH-d-Pro-l-Leu) (2), two new nucleosides, thymidine-3-mercaptocarbamic acid (3) and thymidine-3-thioamine (4), together with cyclo(d-Pro-l-Phe) (5) and cyclo(l-Pro-l-Phe) (6). The structure assignments of the compounds were carried out by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR data and mass spectral determinations. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by Marfey’s method and by comparison of the experimental and TDDFT-calculated ECD spectra. Actinozine A possesses an unprecedented hydroperoxy moiety at C-2 of the proline moiety, while 3 and 4 possess unusual mercaptocarbamic acid and thiohydroxylamine functionalities at N-3 of the thymine moiety. The isolated compounds displayed variable cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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13 pages, 2693 KiB  
Article
Bathyptilones: Terpenoids from an Antarctic Sea Pen, Anthoptilum grandiflorum (Verrill, 1879)
by Santana A.L. Thomas, Anthony Sanchez, Younghoon Kee, Nerida G. Wilson and Bill J. Baker
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(9), 513; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17090513 - 1 Sep 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5265
Abstract
An Antarctic coral belonging to the order Pennatulacea, collected during the 2013 austral autumn by trawl from 662 to 944 m depth, has yielded three new briarane diterpenes, bathyptilone A-C (1–3) along with a trinorditerpene, enbepeanone A (4 [...] Read more.
An Antarctic coral belonging to the order Pennatulacea, collected during the 2013 austral autumn by trawl from 662 to 944 m depth, has yielded three new briarane diterpenes, bathyptilone A-C (1–3) along with a trinorditerpene, enbepeanone A (4), which bears a new carbon skeleton. Structure elucidation was facilitated by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The three compounds were screened in four cancer cell lines. Bathyptilone A displayed selective nanomolar cytotoxicity against the neurogenic mammalian cell line Ntera-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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13 pages, 772 KiB  
Article
New Peptides from The Marine-Derived Fungi Aspergillus allahabadii and Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis
by Ji-Yeon Hwang, Jung-Ho Lee, Sung Chul Park, Jayho Lee, Dong-Chan Oh, Ki-Bong Oh and Jongheon Shin
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(9), 488; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17090488 - 21 Aug 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3466
Abstract
Four new peptides were isolated from the culture broths of the marine-derived fungi Aspergillus allahabadii and A. ochraceopetaliformis. Based on the results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses, two compounds (1 and 2) from A. allahabadii were determined to be cyclopentapeptides, while [...] Read more.
Four new peptides were isolated from the culture broths of the marine-derived fungi Aspergillus allahabadii and A. ochraceopetaliformis. Based on the results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses, two compounds (1 and 2) from A. allahabadii were determined to be cyclopentapeptides, while those from A. ochraceopetaliformis were a structurally-related cyclodepsihexapeptide (3) and its linear analog (4). In addition to the presence of a D-amino acid residue, the almost reversed sequence of peptides in 3 and 4, relative to those of the 1 and 2, is notable. These new compounds exhibited moderate inhibition against the enzyme sortase A as well as a weak inhibition against isocitrate lyase (2). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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13 pages, 1942 KiB  
Article
A Collection of Bioactive Nitrogen-Containing Molecules from the Marine Sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens
by Germana Esposito, Linh H. Mai, Arlette Longeon, Alfonso Mangoni, Emilie Durieu, Laurent Meijer, Rob Van Soest, Valeria Costantino and Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(8), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17080472 - 15 Aug 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4422
Abstract
Thirteen nitrogen-containing molecules (1a/1b and 2–12) were isolated from the Indonesian sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens, highlighting the richness of this organism as a source of alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and [...] Read more.
Thirteen nitrogen-containing molecules (1a/1b and 2–12) were isolated from the Indonesian sponge Acanthostrongylophora ingens, highlighting the richness of this organism as a source of alkaloids. Their structures were elucidated using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS, while the stereochemistry of the diketopiperazines was established using Marfey’s method. All compounds were screened in our standard bioactivity assays, including antibacterial, antikinases, and amyloid β-42 assays. The most interesting bioactivity result was obtained with the known acanthocyclamine A (3), which revealed for the first time a specific Escherichia coli antimicrobial activity and an inhibitory effect on amyloid β-42 production induced by aftin-5 and no cytotoxicity at the dose of 26 µM. These results highlight the potentiality of a bipiperidine scaffold as a promising skeleton for preventing or reducing the production of amyloid β-42, a key player in the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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12 pages, 1032 KiB  
Article
The Purification, Characterization, and Biological Activity of New Polyketides from Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus Epicoccum nigrum SCNU-F0002
by Zhangyuan Yan, Shitong Wen, Meng Ding, Huixian Guo, Cuiying Huang, Xintong Zhu, Junyi Huang, Zhigang She and Yuhua Long
Mar. Drugs 2019, 17(7), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/md17070414 - 12 Jul 2019
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4904
Abstract
Six new polyketides, including one coumarin (1), two isocoumarins (2 and 3), dihydroradicinin (4), and two benzofuranone derivatives (7 and 8), together with seven known analogues (5–6 and 9–13) [...] Read more.
Six new polyketides, including one coumarin (1), two isocoumarins (2 and 3), dihydroradicinin (4), and two benzofuranone derivatives (7 and 8), together with seven known analogues (5–6 and 9–13) were isolated from the culture of the mangrove endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum SCNU-F0002. The structures were elucidated on the interpretation of spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of Compounds 2 and 3 were determined by comparison of their ECD spectra with the data of their analogue dihydroisocoumarins described in the literature. The absolute configuration of 4 was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All the compounds were screened for their antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-phytopathogenic fungi and cytotoxic activities. Using a DPPH radical-scavenging assay, Compounds 10–13 showed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 13.6, 12.1, 18.1, and 11.7 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, Compounds 6 and 7 showed antibacterial effects against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), with MIC values in the range of 25–50 μg/mL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges in Structure Elucidation of Marine Natural Products: NMR Analyses and Other Advanced Methods)
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