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High-Power-Density and High-Reliability Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Systems: Design, Control,...
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High-Power-Density and High-Reliability Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Systems: Design, Control, Applications, and Sustainability

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical Machines and Drives".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 1136

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jing Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
Interests: new energy electric drive system; high precision servo drive system (UAV, robot, spacecraft, etc.)
Dr. Xiaoyong Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
Interests: novel/special motor drive and control systems; new energy electric drive and control systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the growing demand for energy-efficient and robust electromechanical solutions in electric vehicles, renewable energy, aerospace, and industrial automation, PMSM systems are critical enablers of next-generation sustainable technologies. However, achieving both ultra-high-power-density and long-term reliability under extreme operating conditions (e.g., high temperatures, dynamic loads, and harsh environments) remains a significant challenge. This Special Issue seeks to consolidate breakthroughs in materials, design methodologies, control strategies, and system integration that address these challenges while aligning with global sustainability goals.

We welcome the submission of original research articles, review articles, and case studies focusing on the following topics (though this list is not exhaustive):

  • Design Innovations:
    • Compact PMSM topologies for extreme power density (e.g., axial flux, fractional slot concentrated windings);
    • Advanced materials: High-performance rare-earth/rare-earth-free magnets, high-strength soft magnetic composites, and lightweight thermal management materials;
    •  Multi-physics co-design: Electromagnetic–thermal–mechanical coupling analysis and optimization.
  • Reliability Enhancement:
    • Fault-tolerant control strategies for critical applications (e.g., sensorless operation, short-circuit mitigation);
    • Degradation modelling and lifetime prediction under thermal/mechanical stress;
    • Real-time condition monitoring and AI-driven predictive maintenance.
  • High-Performance Control:
    • High-frequency drive systems for ultra-fast dynamic response;
    • Robust control under parameter uncertainties (e.g., magnet demagnetization, load variations);
    • Integration with wide-bandgap semiconductor devices (SiC/GaN) for efficiency improvement.
  • Applications and Sustainability:
    • PMSM systems in electric aviation, deep-sea robotics, and high-speed rail;
    • Recycling and eco-design of PMSM components (magnets, windings);
    • Lifecycle assessment and circular economy strategies for PMSM production.

Dr. Jing Zhao
Dr. Xiaoyong Sun
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • electrical machines
  • motor control
  • electric drive
  • high power density
  • high reliability

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3944 KiB  
Article
Design and Analysis of a Double-Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Fault-Tolerant Machine with Low Short-Circuit Current for Flywheel Energy Storage
by Xiaotong Li, Shaowei Liang, Buyang Qi, Zhenghui Zhao and Zhijian Ling
Machines 2025, 13(8), 720; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080720 - 13 Aug 2025
Abstract
This paper proposes a double-three-phase permanent magnet fault-tolerant machine (DTP-PMFTM) with low short-circuit current for flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) to balance torque performance and short-circuit current suppression. The key innovation lies in its modular winding configuration that ensures electrical isolation between the [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a double-three-phase permanent magnet fault-tolerant machine (DTP-PMFTM) with low short-circuit current for flywheel energy storage systems (FESS) to balance torque performance and short-circuit current suppression. The key innovation lies in its modular winding configuration that ensures electrical isolation between the two winding sets. First, the structural characteristics of the double three-phase windings are analyzed. Subsequently, the harmonic features of the resultant magnetomotive force (MMF) are systematically investigated. To verify the performance, the proposed machine is compared against a conventional winding structure as a baseline, focusing on key parameters such as output torque and short-circuit current. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed machine achieves an average torque of approximately 14.7 N·m with a torque ripple of about 3.27%, a phase inductance of approximately 3.7 mH, and a short-circuit current of approximately 50.9 A. Crucially, compared to the conventional winding, the modular structure increases the phase inductance by about 32.1% and reduces the short-circuit current by 29.7%. Finally, an experimental platform is established to validate the performance of the machine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Power-Density and High-Reliability Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Systems: Design, Control, Applications, and Sustainability)
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19 pages, 5089 KiB  
Article
Fast Simulation and Optimization Design of a Slotless Micro-Motor for High-Speed and High-Flow Pumps
by Zhaohai Jin, Weizhong Fang, Jiawei Xu, Tianxiong Lu, Shitao Yang, Li Zhou and Sa Zhu
Machines 2025, 13(8), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13080649 - 24 Jul 2025
Viewed by 352
Abstract
The effective part of the winding in a slotless motor varies across different axial sections of the motor, resulting in a three-dimensional structure. Therefore, it is not feasible to simply use the single-section simulation method of conventional radial field motors for motor simulation. [...] Read more.
The effective part of the winding in a slotless motor varies across different axial sections of the motor, resulting in a three-dimensional structure. Therefore, it is not feasible to simply use the single-section simulation method of conventional radial field motors for motor simulation. Currently, the simulation of slotless motors primarily depends on three-dimensional electromagnetic fields, which present significant modeling challenges and require extensive simulation times, rendering them unsuitable for engineering applications. This paper introduces a method for analyzing slotless motors using a two-dimensional electromagnetic field, based on the electromagnetic field simulation software EasiMotor (R2025). The study elucidates the principle of employing a two-dimensional electromagnetic field to analyze slotless motors and applies this method to the design of a slotless motor with a diameter of 4.5 mm. Through the fabrication of prototypes and performance testing, experimental results validate the accuracy and efficiency of this method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Power-Density and High-Reliability Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Systems: Design, Control, Applications, and Sustainability)
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20 pages, 13768 KiB  
Article
Influence of Hybridization Ratio on Field Back-EMF Ripple in Switched Flux Hybrid Excitation Machines
by Xiaoyong Sun, Ruizhao Han, Ruyu Shang and Zhiyu Yang
Machines 2025, 13(6), 473; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13060473 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 404
Abstract
Hybrid excited machines are strong competitors for application in hybrid/full electric vehicles due to their high torque density and strong air gap field-regulating capability. Similar to armature back-EMF, back-EMF also exists in the field windings of hybrid excited machines. However, the existence of [...] Read more.
Hybrid excited machines are strong competitors for application in hybrid/full electric vehicles due to their high torque density and strong air gap field-regulating capability. Similar to armature back-EMF, back-EMF also exists in the field windings of hybrid excited machines. However, the existence of field back-EMF is harmful to the safe and stable operation of machine systems, e.g., lower efficiency, higher torque ripple, reduced control performance, etc. In this paper, the influence of the hybridization ratio k, i.e., the ratio of the field winding slot area to the total field slot area, on the field back-EMF in hybrid excited machines with a switched flux stator is comprehensively investigated. In addition, a comparative study of the field back-EMF ripple in hybrid excited machines and wound field synchronous machines is conducted. It shows that the field back-EMF in flux-enhancing, zero field current, and flux-weakening modes is significantly affected by the hybridization ratio under different conditions. Moreover, the on-load field back-EMF in wound field machines is considerably higher than that in hybrid excited machines due to the mitigated magnetic saturation level in the field winding’s magnetic flux path. Finally, to validate the results predicted using the finite element method, a prototype hybrid excited machine is built and tested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Power-Density and High-Reliability Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Systems: Design, Control, Applications, and Sustainability)
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