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Machines
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Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies
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Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019) | Viewed by 43082

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Panagiotis Kyratsis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, GR50100 Kila Kozani, Greece
Interests: CAD-based manufacturing; CAD/CAM/CAE; manufacturing and machining; product and packaging design; reverse engineering and prototyping
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Kakoulis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design, Western Macedonia University of Applied Sciences, GR50100 Kila Kozani, Greece
Interests: CAD; algorithm engineering; computational geometry; CAD-based applications
Dr. Angelos P. Markopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece
Interests: nanotechnology; artificial intelligence and neural networks; precision and ultraprecision machining; nanomaterials; non-conventional machining; molecular dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

CAD/CAM/CAE technologies are finding more and more applications in today’s industry, i.e. in the automotive, aerospace and naval sectors. CAD-based applications have taken advantage of the application programming interface (API) available within the CAD/CAM/CAE systems and to move these research activities to a higher level. A number of difficult-to-perform manufacturing processes can be simulated using more methodologies available via advanced integrated CAD systems.

CAM technology has expanded beyond the creation of the appropriate CNC code needed for manufacturing unusual geometries with multi-axis machining centers. The trajectory optimization and time needed for manufacturing improvements have become extremely important issues.

CAE technologies deal with a number of simulations i.e. linear/nonlinear finite elements analyses, multi body dynamics and reverse engineering. The tools available become have more sophisticated and the engineers/researchers consider this challenge as an opportunity for more accurate simulations.

This Special Issue provides an opportunity for researchers to present recent advances and technologies in the aforementioned fields and indicate the future trends for CAD/CAM/CAE technologies.

Suitable topics for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to:

  • CAD based applications
  • CAD/CAM systems
  • Finite element simulations
  • Machining and manufacturing applications
  • CAM optimization methodologies
  • Design simulations
  • Computational design
  • Graphics algorithms
  • Geometric modeling
  • Reverse engineering
  • Prototyping
  • Robotics
  • Medical/biomedical applications
  • CMM applications
  • Automotive applications
  • Aerospace applications

Prof. Dr. Panagiotis Kyratsis
Prof. Dr. Konstantinos Kakoulis
Prof. Dr. Angelos P. Markopoulos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6324 KiB  
Article
Optimization of the Manufacturing Strategy, Machining Conditions, and Finishing of a Radial Impeller
by Fotios I. Stratogiannis, Nikolaos I. Galanis, Nikolaos E. Karkalos and Angelos P. Markopoulos
Machines 2020, 8(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines8010001 - 27 Dec 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5181
Abstract
Impellers are the most crucial components of pumps, as they directly determine the velocity profile of the fluid flowing through the pump and its efficiency. Given that the impellers have a complex geometry, they pose an important challenge to the manufacturer in order [...] Read more.
Impellers are the most crucial components of pumps, as they directly determine the velocity profile of the fluid flowing through the pump and its efficiency. Given that the impellers have a complex geometry, they pose an important challenge to the manufacturer in order to construct them with the best possible dimensional accuracy and surface quality, and also achieve short machining times. In the present paper, the machining operations for the manufacture of a radial impeller were designed and implemented for the case of a single-entry semi-closed radial flow impeller. At first, the best milling strategies, optimum cutting conditions, and appropriate cutting tools were selected for each of the three machining phases, namely, roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing. Then, an experimental investigation was conducted, especially for the optimum process conditions during finishing of impeller blades, using Taguchi L16 orthogonal array. After the analysis of surface roughness was conducted for the 16 experiments, it was found that the most important parameters were spindle speed and feed. Furthermore, the optimum settings were determined as the maximum spindle speed and the lowest feed per tooth value and a regression model correlating process parameters with surface roughness was established with a high degree of accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies)
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10 pages, 1057 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Open-Source and Licensed CAD Software to Support Garment Development Learning
by Evridiki Papachristou, Panagiotis Kyratsis and Nikolaos Bilalis
Machines 2019, 7(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7020030 - 1 May 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 8665
Abstract
Most universities have included computer-aided design (CAD) pattern making systems education and training in their clothing technology courses in recent years, so as to respond to the actual needs of the fashion world for high-skilled fashion designers and clothing engineers. With the rapid [...] Read more.
Most universities have included computer-aided design (CAD) pattern making systems education and training in their clothing technology courses in recent years, so as to respond to the actual needs of the fashion world for high-skilled fashion designers and clothing engineers. With the rapid rise in the use of open source software (OSS) in all types of applications, it is important to know if the existing OSS CAD software for garment prototyping development can successfully support the learning process. The present study compares two commercial licensed CAD systems for pattern design (Polypattern and Create) to an open source software, Seamly2D, and to Wild Ginger’s Caveo V6 programme, which runs within an OSS. In total, two licensed and two OSS systems have been evaluated in their weights in accomplishing the garment development of ten different pattern designs. The results obtained for the evaluation of a set of OS and licensed CAD systems are presented and critically discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies)
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14 pages, 1846 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Friction Behavior Characteristics by Coating with Solid Lubricants
by Oana Dodun, Gheorghe Nagîţ, Adelina Hriţuc and Laurenţiu Slătineanu
Machines 2019, 7(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7010016 - 9 Feb 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3123
Abstract
Increasing the lifetime of machine elements whose operation involves the development of friction processes and diminishing energy losses by friction can be achieved by using solid lubricants. In this regard, a method applied to improve the friction behavior of machine elements is electrostatic [...] Read more.
Increasing the lifetime of machine elements whose operation involves the development of friction processes and diminishing energy losses by friction can be achieved by using solid lubricants. In this regard, a method applied to improve the friction behavior of machine elements is electrostatic coating of the surfaces of interest with polyester layers that include particles of solid lubricants, such as molybdenum disulfide or graphite. Experimental research was conducted to highlight the influence of normal force, the concentration of solid lubricant particles in polyester, and specific sliding between surfaces involved in the friction process on the deposited layer’s lifetime and on the friction coefficient. Grey analysis was employed to identify sets of input factors that would lead to the most convenient values of the lifetime and energy friction losses when using polyester layers that incorporate molybdenum or graphite particles. Specialized software was elaborated in a MATLAB environment to use the grey relational analysis in identifying the optimal values of the process input factors for distinct weights of the output parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies)
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18 pages, 6070 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study between Regression and Neural Networks for Modeling Al6082-T6 Alloy Drilling
by Nikolaos E. Karkalos, Nikolaos Efkolidis, Panagiotis Kyratsis and Angelos P. Markopoulos
Machines 2019, 7(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7010013 - 2 Feb 2019
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4534
Abstract
Apart from experimental research, the development of accurate and efficient models is considerably important in the field of manufacturing processes. Initially, regression models were significantly popular for this purpose, but later, the soft computing models were proven as a viable alternative to the [...] Read more.
Apart from experimental research, the development of accurate and efficient models is considerably important in the field of manufacturing processes. Initially, regression models were significantly popular for this purpose, but later, the soft computing models were proven as a viable alternative to the established models. However, the effectiveness of soft computing models can be often dependent on the size of the experimental dataset, and it can be lower compared to that of the regression models for a small-sized dataset. In the present study, it is intended to conduct a comparison of the performance of various neural network models, such as the Multi-layer Perceptron (MLP), the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF-NN), and the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models with the performance of a multiple regression model. For the development of the models, data from drilling experiments on an Al6082-T6 workpiece for various process conditions are employed, and the performance of models related to thrust force (Fz) and cutting torque (Mz) is assessed based on several criteria. From the analysis, it was found that the MLP models were superior to the other neural networks model and the regression model, as they were able to achieve a relatively lower prediction error for both models of Fz and Mz. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies)
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13 pages, 6590 KiB  
Article
Influence of Ball-Burnishing Process on Surface Topography Parameters and Tribological Properties of Hardened Steel
by Andrzej Dzierwa and Angelos P. Markopoulos
Machines 2019, 7(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7010011 - 19 Jan 2019
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 5271
Abstract
The ball-burnishing process is a particular finishing treatment that can improve selected properties of different materials. In the present study, the ball-burnishing technique was used to investigate the effect of input parameters of processes on selected surface layer features like surface roughness and [...] Read more.
The ball-burnishing process is a particular finishing treatment that can improve selected properties of different materials. In the present study, the ball-burnishing technique was used to investigate the effect of input parameters of processes on selected surface layer features like surface roughness and residual stresses of the 42CrMo4 steel surfaces. The burnishing process was conducted on Haas CNC Vertical Mill Center VF-3 using a tool with tungsten carbide tip. A further objective of our research was to improve tribological properties of the aforementioned steel by the ball-burnishing process. The results of the investigations showed that it was possible to reduce the root mean square height of the surface Sq from 0.522 μm to 0.051 μm and to increase wear resistance compared to ground samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies)
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15 pages, 5286 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Weight of Housing Elements of Two-stage Reducer by Using the Topology Management Optimization Capabilities Integrated in SOLIDWORKS: A Case Study
by Stoyan Slavov and Mariya Konsulova-Bakalova
Machines 2019, 7(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7010009 - 15 Jan 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 8345
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a conducted topology management optimization study based on the finite element analysis on a two-stage spur gear reducer housing body and cover using the SOLIDWORKS Simulation module. The main goal of the study is to optimize the [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of a conducted topology management optimization study based on the finite element analysis on a two-stage spur gear reducer housing body and cover using the SOLIDWORKS Simulation module. The main goal of the study is to optimize the overall weight of the reducer by thinning specific areas of the casted gearbox housing elements according to the calculated minimal strain energy. The topology optimization algorithm that is used in current research gives an optimal structural shape of the housing elements of the reducer with the largest stiffness, considering the given amount of mass that will be removed from the initial design space. The complete sequence of steps for conducting the topology management optimization study is shown, taking into account the constraints arising from the construction features and the method of manufacturing the housing elements of the gear reducer. Conclusions on the use of the topology optimization results are given and potential directions for further development of the approach are also identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies)
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15 pages, 6312 KiB  
Article
Numerical Fatigue Analysis of Induction-Hardened and Mechanically Post-Treated Steel Components
by Martin Leitner, Roman Aigner and Florian Grün
Machines 2019, 7(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines7010001 - 2 Jan 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4364
Abstract
This paper presents a numerical simulation chain covering induction hardening (IH), superimposed stroke peening (StrP) as mechanical post-treatment, and a final fatigue assessment considering local material properties. Focusing on a notched round specimen as representative for engineering components, firstly, the electro-magnetic-thermal simulation of [...] Read more.
This paper presents a numerical simulation chain covering induction hardening (IH), superimposed stroke peening (StrP) as mechanical post-treatment, and a final fatigue assessment considering local material properties. Focusing on a notched round specimen as representative for engineering components, firstly, the electro-magnetic-thermal simulation of the inductive heating is performed with the software Comsol®. Secondly, the thermo-metallurgical-mechanical analysis of the hardening process is conducted by means of a user-defined interface, utilizing the software Sysweld®. Thirdly, mechanical post-treatment is numerically simulated by Abaqus®. Finally, a strain-based approach considering the evaluated local material properties is applied, which reveals sound accordance to the fatigue tests results, exhibiting a minor conservative deviation of only up to two per cent, which validates the applicability of the presented numerical fatigue approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in CAD/CAM/CAE Technologies)
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