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Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate
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Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Geological Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 December 2024) | Viewed by 5894

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Changling Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: analytical technology for gas hydrate; experimental techniques for gas hydrates; general theory of gas hydrates
Dr. Qiang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: natural gas hydrates; thermodynamics properties/electrical properties of hydrate formation and dissociation; marine gas hydrate exploitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Marine gas hydrates have attracted widespread attention from governments and researchers around the world, not only because they are considered the most promising clean energy due to their enormous resources, but also because they may cause environmental impacts such as submarine landslides and methane leaks. At present, there are still some core issues that urgently need to be solved in gas hydrate-related research. Analytical and experimental techniques are an important means to solve these problems. Microscopic testing techniques can help obtain information about marine gas hydrate characteristics at the millimeter, micrometer and even nanometer scales. Experimental techniques can help obtain important physical parameters of marine gas hydrates by simulating the marine environment, providing basic data for hydrate resource exploration, development and environmental effect research. In recent years, analytical and experimental techniques have been widely applied in hydrate research, achieving significant results.

This Special Issue will showcase the latest research in analytical and experimental technology for marine gas hydrates, including, but not limited to, micro-testing and simulation experimental techniques involved in nucleation, formation mechanisms, exploration, development and environmental effects related to gas hydrate research.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Molecular dynamic simulation;
  • Spectral analysis (NMR, MRI);
  • Crystal structure analysis (XRD);
  • Pore structure analysis ( X-CT, L-NMR);
  • Morphological analysis (SEM);
  • Thermal analysis (DSC);
  • Physical property experiment and testing (sound waves, resistance, mechanics);
  • Extraction simulation experiment;
  • Methane leakage and oxidation experiment.

Prof. Dr. Changling Liu
Dr. Qiang Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • MD simulation
  • analytical and experimental technology
  • microscopic testing technique
  • physical property experiment
  • extraction simulation
  • methane oxidation experiment

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

6 pages, 174 KiB  
Editorial
Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate
by Changling Liu and Qiang Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(4), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040782 - 14 Apr 2025
Viewed by 258
Abstract
Analytical and Experimental Technology is an essential and important means for basic theoretical research on marine natural gas hydrates [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 2978 KiB  
Article
Frequency-Dependent Anisotropic Electromagnetic Responses of Fractured Reservoirs with Various Hydrate Distributions Based on Numerical Simulation
by Shengbiao Liu, Gaowei Hu, Qingtao Bu, Yapeng Zhao and Zhiwen Sun
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13010048 - 31 Dec 2024
Viewed by 658
Abstract
Geophysical methods detecting electromagnetic properties (e.g., conductivity, relative permittivity, and dielectric loss factor) have been developed into an important tool to accurately assess the hydrate-bearing reservoirs. The key to the satisfying inversion of the electromagnetic collected data is the precise understanding of the [...] Read more.
Geophysical methods detecting electromagnetic properties (e.g., conductivity, relative permittivity, and dielectric loss factor) have been developed into an important tool to accurately assess the hydrate-bearing reservoirs. The key to the satisfying inversion of the electromagnetic collected data is the precise understanding of the electromagnetic responses in hydrate-bearing reservoirs. However, the frequency-dependent anisotropic electromagnetic responses in fracture-filling hydrate reservoirs remain poorly understood. To acquire the above understanding, we use a numerical simulation method to investigate the frequency-dependent anisotropic conductivities, relative permittivities, and dielectric loss factors of the constructed fracture-filling hydrate digital cores. The fractures in digital cores are aligned along a certain direction and contain the hydrate with various distributions and saturations. The simulated electromagnetic behaviors are comprehensively analyzed and explained by the effects of the electrical polarization, the aligned fractures, as well as the occurrence of hydrate with various distributions and saturation in fractures. The results show that the conductivities enhance while the relative permittivities reduce with increasing frequency, respectively, and their dispersion amplitudes at the frequency scope roughly between 100 MHz and 3000 MHz are more dramatic than that at other frequency ranges. The obtained dielectric loss factors increase first and then decrease with frequency and display peak value at the frequency of approximately 1000 MHz. The conductivities, relative permittivities, and loss factor peak values vertical to the fractures are lower than that in the other direction under the same conditions, respectively. It is found that these three parameters for all hydrate distributions and frequencies reduce with the enhancement of hydrate saturation, whereas the decreasing trends in conductivities and relative permittivities are distinct among the various hydrate distributions. The research results would be possible to pave a way for better identifying and evaluating hydrate resources of fractured reservoirs using the collected electromagnetic data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate)
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16 pages, 2909 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Gas Hydrate Saturation Based on Joint Acoustic–Electrical Properties and Neural Network Ensemble
by Donghui Xing, Hongfeng Lu, Lanchang Xing, Chenlu Xu, Jinwen Du, Xinmin Ge and Qiang Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(12), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122163 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 651
Abstract
Natural gas hydrates have great strategic potential as an energy source and have become a global energy research hotspot because of their large reserves and clean and pollution-free characteristics. Hydrate saturation affecting the electrical and acoustic properties of sediments significantly is one of [...] Read more.
Natural gas hydrates have great strategic potential as an energy source and have become a global energy research hotspot because of their large reserves and clean and pollution-free characteristics. Hydrate saturation affecting the electrical and acoustic properties of sediments significantly is one of the important parameters for the quantitative evaluation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs. The accurate calculation of hydrate saturation has guiding significance for hydrate exploration and development. In this paper, experiments regarding methane hydrate formation and dissociation in clay-bearing sediments were carried out based on the Ultrasound Combined with Electrical Impedance (UCEI) system, and the measurements of the joint electrical and acoustic parameters were collected. A machine learning (ML)-based model for evaluating hydrate saturation was established based on electrical–acoustic properties and a neural network ensemble. It was demonstrated that the average relative error of hydrate saturation calculated by the ML-based model is 0.48%, the average absolute error is 0.0005, and the root mean square error is 0.76%. The three errors of the ensemble network are lower than those of the Archie formula and Lee weight equation. The ML-based modeling method presented in this paper provides insights into developing new models for estimating the hydrate saturation of reservoirs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate)
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10 pages, 2462 KiB  
Article
Effect of CO2 Thickeners on CH4-CO2 Replacement in Hydrate-Bearing Sediment
by Xuebing Zhou, Jiahong Zhou, Zhen Long, Huiyun Wen, Shuanshi Fan and Deqing Liang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(10), 1861; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12101861 - 17 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 968
Abstract
CO2 fracturing is known as the best solution to improve the efficiency of the CO2 replacement of natural gas hydrates, but the effect of CO2 thickeners on CH4-CO2 replacement are barely noticed. In this work, the effect [...] Read more.
CO2 fracturing is known as the best solution to improve the efficiency of the CO2 replacement of natural gas hydrates, but the effect of CO2 thickeners on CH4-CO2 replacement are barely noticed. In this work, the effect of four kinds of CO2 thickener—including DL-Lactic acid, polyvinyl acetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate and octamethyl trisiloxane—on the CH4-CO2 replacement in quartz sand was measured thermodynamically and kinetically. The results show that the majority of the CO2 thickeners had no effect on the equilibria of the CH4 and CO2 hydrates, except for DL-Lactic acid, where the temperature depression caused by the addition of 5.5 wt% DL-Lactic acid was about 0.52 and 0.48 K for the CH4 and CO2 hydrates, respectively. In the kinetic measurements, the CH4-CO2 replacement was promoted via the addition of the CO2 thickeners, except DL-Lactic acid. The CO2 thickeners were suggested to strengthen the CH4-CO2 replacement by enhancing the gas exchange in the pore space. Octamethyl trisiloxane, which could promote CH4 recovery and CO2 capture at a low concentration, was suggested to be an ideal CO2 thickener for CH4-CO2 replacement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate)
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9 pages, 1688 KiB  
Article
A Molecular Dynamics Study of the Influence of Low-Dosage Methanol on Hydrate Formation in Seawater and Pure Water Metastable Solutions of Methane
by Rodion V. Belosludov, Kirill V. Gets, Ravil K. Zhdanov, Yulia Y. Bozhko and Vladimir R. Belosludov
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1626; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091626 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 809
Abstract
The behavior of low concentrations of methanol (0.5 and 1.0 wt% of water) as a promoter for hydrate formation in seawater or pure water metastable solutions of methane was investigated using the classical molecular dynamics method at moderate temperature and pressure. The influence [...] Read more.
The behavior of low concentrations of methanol (0.5 and 1.0 wt% of water) as a promoter for hydrate formation in seawater or pure water metastable solutions of methane was investigated using the classical molecular dynamics method at moderate temperature and pressure. The influence of methanol on the dynamics of the re-arrangement of the hydrogen bond network in seawater and pure water solutions of methane was studied by calculating order parameters of the tetrahedral environment and intermolecular torsion angles for water molecules, as well as by calculating the number of hydrogen bonds, hydrate, and hydrate-like cavities. It was found that hydrate nucleation can be considered a collective process in which the rate of hydrate growth is faster in systems with low concentrations of methanol, and confident hydrate growth begins earlier in a metastable solution without sea salt with a small amount of methanol than in systems without methanol. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate)
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16 pages, 5260 KiB  
Article
Confined Compressibility of Fine-Grained Marine Sediments with Cavities after Complete Dissociation of Noduled Natural Gas Hydrates
by Lei Yang, Lele Liu, Tao Liu, Jinbo Lin, Yizhao Wan, Yongchao Zhang, Zhihui Wang and Xiang Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(6), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12061029 - 20 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 929
Abstract
Due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, natural gas hydrates with morphologies of nodules and chunks dissociate and release massive free gas, creating large cavities within fine-grained marine sediments. However, it is still a challenge to quantify the impact of gas cavities on mechanical [...] Read more.
Due to natural and anthropogenic disturbances, natural gas hydrates with morphologies of nodules and chunks dissociate and release massive free gas, creating large cavities within fine-grained marine sediments. However, it is still a challenge to quantify the impact of gas cavities on mechanical properties of cavitied fine-grained marine sediments as there is a lack of efforts focusing on the inner structure visualization. In this study, an oedometer test and X-ray computed tomography scans are jointly conducted on marine clayey silt with gas cavities, and the confined compressibility as well as the inner structure change under an undrained condition are explored, followed by development of a theoretical model depicting the void ratio change. The results show that vertical loading induces a void ratio reduction, and the reduced void ratio can fully recover after being unloaded. Although being fully recovered, unrecovered changes of the inner structure still remain after being unloaded. Examples include closed cracks in the lower matrix, new occurring cracks in the upper matrix, and the fragmented gas cavity. In addition, the void ratio linearly increases with the increasing inverse of normalized pore gas pressure, while the coefficient of the effective stress linearly decreases with the increasing inverse of normalized vertical loading stress. The proposed theoretical model captures the essential physics behind undrained confined deformation of fine-grained marine sediments with gas cavities when subjected to loading and unloading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analytical and Experimental Technology for Marine Gas Hydrate)
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