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Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment
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Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 July 2025 | Viewed by 10294

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Athanassios A. Kyrgidis

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Guest Editor
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: skin cancer; head and neck cancer; melanoma; clinical pharmacology; patient-reported outcome measures; clinical biomarkers; prognostic factors; epidemiology; oral and maxillofacial surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Aimilios Lallas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
First Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: skin cancer; melanoma; basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; merkel cell carcinoma; dermatoscopy; artificial intelligence; immunotherapy; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Skin cancer incidence is increasing. Different forms of skin cancer include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, each with varying degrees of severity and treatment requirements. The economic impact of skin cancer is substantial, as it involves not only the direct expenses associated with diagnosis and treatment, but also the long-term management of survivors and the prevention efforts required to reduce its incidence. Consequently, healthcare systems require considerable financial resources, specialized personnel, and infrastructure to meet the growing demand for skin cancer care and mitigate its profound impact on patients and society as a whole.

Skin cancer can significantly impact the quality of life of individuals, as it may lead to physical discomfort, disfigurement, emotional distress, and limitations in daily activities due to the disease itself or the necessary treatments. The treatment outcomes are important as new treatments emerge that need to be administered to patients on the grounds of sufficient evidence.

Accordingly, a Special Issue called “Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment” is announced. This Special Issue calls for original research and systematic reviews that investigate clinical, dermoscopic, diagnostic, or therapeutic features of skin cancers and their impact on the quality of life of affected patients.

Dr. Athanassios A. Kyrgidis
Dr. Aimilios Lallas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • skin cancer
  • melanoma
  • squamous cell carcinoma
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • clinical biomarkers
  • dermoscopy
  • quality of life

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5966 KiB  
Article
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Dermatoscopic Diagnostic Clues in Mexican Individuals Based on Fitzpatrick Skin Phototypes
by Esli Camila Sánchez Moreno, Andrea Carolina Machado Sulbaran, Lizbeth Riera Leal, Yveth Marlene Ortiz García, Luis Roberto Olivas Román and Annie Riera Leal
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 2966; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14092966 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 160
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is increasingly prevalent. Non-melanoma skin cancers pose a challenge, as most lesions are diagnosed at later stages and often lead to complications. Although dermatoscopy has emerged as a valuable tool that enhances the confidence of dermatologists, specific patterns for [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Skin cancer is increasingly prevalent. Non-melanoma skin cancers pose a challenge, as most lesions are diagnosed at later stages and often lead to complications. Although dermatoscopy has emerged as a valuable tool that enhances the confidence of dermatologists, specific patterns for accurately identifying various subtypes of non-melanoma skin cancer have yet to be detailed. This study aimed to investigate dermatoscopic clues that facilitate accurate diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer among Mexican individuals. There is insufficient acknowledgment of high skin cancer rates among non-Whites. Methods: The study included fifty-three patients diagnosed with non-melanoma skin cancer, aged 39 to 89, who visited an academic dermatology department for skin examinations. Two certified dermatologists evaluated at least three dermatoscopy images for each lesion. A biopsy was taken to confirm the preliminary diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism v8.0, considering a probability (p) value of less than 0.05 as significant. Results: Most patients were classified as phototype III. Patients with phototype IV were younger at the time of diagnosis. Basal cell carcinomas were the most common cancer subtype. Nodular and ulcerated tumors were the most prevalent morphology. The dermatoscopic examination revealed that 60% of the lesions were pigmented, with a predominance of polymorphic vascular patterns. Squamous cell carcinomas exhibited monomorphic vascular structures. Both groups’ blood vessel arrangements and specific patterns were primarily radial. Conclusions: Phototypes III and IV are predominant in the Mexican population; however, patients with non-melanoma skin cancer tend to be under 60 years of age at diagnosis. Although prominent reticular lines were distinctive of the ulcerated lesions, finding any pathognomonic pigmentary feature for non-melanoma skin cancer subtypes or locations was impossible. A polymorphic pattern of blood vessels, with a predominance of linear vessels, typically indicates the presence of Basal cell carcinoma. In contrast, a monomorphic pattern with a predominance of comma vessels is more suggestive of Squamous cell carcinoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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25 pages, 1300 KiB  
Article
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma—Management in 2024
by Anthony Joseph Dixon, Michael Sladden, Christos C. Zouboulis, Catalin M. Popescu, Alexander Nirenberg, Howard K. Steinman, Caterina Longo, Zoe Lee Dixon and Joseph Meirion Thomas
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(6), 1607; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061607 - 11 Mar 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5754
Abstract
Background: Maximizing survival for patients with primary cutaneous melanomas (melanomas) depends on an early diagnosis and appropriate management. Several new drugs have been shown to improve survival in high-risk melanoma patients. Despite well-documented guidelines, many patients do not receive optimal management, particularly [...] Read more.
Background: Maximizing survival for patients with primary cutaneous melanomas (melanomas) depends on an early diagnosis and appropriate management. Several new drugs have been shown to improve survival in high-risk melanoma patients. Despite well-documented guidelines, many patients do not receive optimal management, particularly when considering patient age. Objective: to provide an update on melanoma management from the time of the decision to biopsy a suspicious skin lesion. Methods: We reviewed melanoma-management research published between 2018 and 2023 and identified where such findings impact and update the management of confirmed melanomas. Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid and Cochrane Library were used as search tools. Results: We identified 81 publications since 2017 that have changed melanoma management; 11 in 2018, 12 in 2019, 10 in 2020, 12 in 2021, 17 in 2022 and 18 in 2023. Discussion: Delayed or inaccurate diagnosis is more likely to occur when a partial shave or punch biopsy is used to obtain the histopathology. Wherever feasible, a local excision with a narrow margin should be the biopsy method of choice for a suspected melanoma. The Breslow thickness of the melanoma remains the single most important predictor of outcome, followed by patient age and then ulceration. The BAUSSS biomarker, (Breslow thickness, Age, Ulceration, Subtype, Sex and Site) provides a more accurate method of determining mortality risk than older currently employed approaches, including sentinel lymph node biopsy. Patients with metastatic melanomas and/or nodal disease should be considered for adjuvant drug therapy (ADT). Further, high-risk melanoma patients are increasingly considered for ADT, even without disease spread. Invasive melanomas less than 1 mm thick are usually managed with a radial excision margin of 10 mms of normal skin. If the thickness is 1 to 2 mm, select a radial margin of 10 to 20 mm. When the Breslow thickness is over 2 mm, a 20 mm clinical margin is usually undertaken. In situ melanomas are usually managed with a 5 to 10 mm margin or Mohs margin control surgery. Such wide excisions around a given melanoma is the only surgery that can be regarded as therapeutic and required. Patients who have had one melanoma are at increased risk of another melanoma. Ideal ongoing management includes regular lifelong skin checks. Total body photography should be considered if the patient has many naevi, especially when atypical/dysplastic naevi are identified. Targeted approaches to improve occupational or lifestyle exposure to ultraviolet light are important. Management also needs to include the consideration of vitamin D supplementary therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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12 pages, 1337 KiB  
Systematic Review
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Atypical Spitz Tumor: A Systematic Review
by Marcodomenico Mazza, Francesco Cavallin, Elisa Galasso, Paolo Del Fiore, Rocco Cappellesso, Fortunato Cassalia, Saveria Tropea, Irene Russo, Mauro Alaibac and Simone Mocellin
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(11), 3232; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113232 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 1374
Abstract
Background: Atypical Spitz tumor (AST) is an intermediate category among Spitz melanocytic neoplasms. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been proposed in the clinical management of AST patients, but this approach remains the subject of debate. This systematic review aims to summarize the available [...] Read more.
Background: Atypical Spitz tumor (AST) is an intermediate category among Spitz melanocytic neoplasms. Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) has been proposed in the clinical management of AST patients, but this approach remains the subject of debate. This systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence on SNB procedures in AST patients. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted, including MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS, through April 2023. Case series, cohort studies, and case–control studies of AST patients were eligible for inclusion. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results: Twenty-two studies with a total of 756 AST patients were included. The pooled SNB prevalence was 54% (95% CI 32 to 75%), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 90%). The pooled SNB+ prevalence was 35% (95% CI 25 to 46%) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 39%). Lymphadenectomy was performed in 0–100% of SNB+ patients. Overall survival rates ranged from 93% to 100%, and disease-free survival ranged from 87% to 100% in AST patients. Overall and disease-free survival rates were 100% in SNB patients. Pooled survival estimates were not calculated due to the heterogeneous timing of the survival assessment and/or the small size of the subgroups. All studies clearly reported inclusion criteria and measured the condition in a standard way for all participants, but only 50% indicated valid methods for the identification of the condition. Conclusions: The oncologic behavior of AST is related to an almost always favorable outcome. SNB does not seem to be relevant as a staging or prognostic procedure, and its indication remains debatable and controversial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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14 pages, 6602 KiB  
Systematic Review
Dermoscopy of Umbilical Lesions—A Systematic Review
by Jakub Żółkiewicz, Martyna Sławińska, Urszula Maińska, Roman J. Nowicki, Michał Sobjanek and Luc Thomas
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(6), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061790 - 20 Mar 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2265
Abstract
Background: The umbilicus is a fibrous remnant located in the centre of the abdomen. Various entities may be encountered in this special anatomical location; however, little is known about their dermoscopic presentation. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive [...] Read more.
Background: The umbilicus is a fibrous remnant located in the centre of the abdomen. Various entities may be encountered in this special anatomical location; however, little is known about their dermoscopic presentation. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive summary of existing evidence on dermoscopic features of umbilical lesions. Methods: Studies assessing dermoscopic images of umbilical lesions were included in this study. No age, ethnicity or skin phototype restrictions were applied. Papers assessing lesions outside of the umbilical area, lacking dermoscopic images and/or dermoscopic description and not related to the topic were excluded. Embase, Medline and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to the end of May 2023. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to evaluate the risk of bias of the selected studies. The quality and the level of evidence of included studies were assessed according to the Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence. Thirty-four studies reporting a total of 39 lesions met the inclusion criteria and were included in qualitative analysis. Results: A qualitative synthesis of the following entities was performed: melanoma, nevi, basal cell carcinoma, fibroepithelioma of Pinkus, Sister Mary Joseph nodule, mycosis fungoides, dermatofibroma, endometriosis, epidermal cyst, granuloma, intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia, lichen planus, omphalolith, seborrheic keratosis, and syringoma. Conclusions: Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique that may be useful in the differential diagnosis of umbilical lesions. The main limitations of this study were lack of a high level of evidence in the studies and the lack of uniformity in applied dermoscopic terminology between included studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Skin Cancer: Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment)
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